Deck 8: Considering Alternative Approaches

Question 1

Chiropractic treatment was the subject of a bitter fight during the middle of the 20th century.What group tried to keep chiropractors from practicing?

A) The American Psychological Association
B) The American Psychiatric Association
C) The American Medical Association
D) The National Institutes of Health

Answer 1

The American Medical Association

Question 2

The goal of Ayurvedic medicine is to integrate and balance

A) the body, space, and time.
B) the body, mind, and spirit.
C) the yin and yang.
D) hot and cold forces in the body.

Answer 2

the body, mind, and spirit.

Question 3

Which of the following manipulative techniques originated in traditional Chinese medicine?

A) acupressure and tui na
B) acupuncture and Reiki
C) Shiatsu massage and counterpressure
D) Shiatsu massage and Reiki

Answer 3

acupressure and tui na

Question 4

_________is a technique of inserting needles into specific points of the skin that is meant to unblock the flow of qi and restore health.

A) Acupuncture
B) Acupressure
C) Tui na
D) Reiki

Question 5

The group of diverse medical and health care systems that are not considered part of conventional medicine are _____________.

A) biopsychosocial medicines
B) bio-medicines
C) alternative medicines
D) complementary medicines

Question 6

Chiropractic practitioners

A) earn doctoral degrees and are licensed to practice.
B) attend college for about four years but receive no degree.
C) may earn a doctoral degree or not, which affects the extent of their practice.
D) train through an apprentice program rather than through colleges.

Question 7

Acupuncture,acupressure,and tui nai are techniques or practices that stem from _________.

A) traditional Chinese medicine
B) Ayurvedic medicine
C) energy healing
D) homeopathy

Question 8

The commonality among all the systems,practices,and products that are considered alternative is

A) that they are ineffective except for the placebo response.
B) their derivation from Chinese medicine.
C) that they are not accepted within conventional medicine.
D) their higher degree of effectiveness compared to conventional techniques.

Question 9

Therapeutic manipulation of the spine is the basis for

A) TENS.
B) allostasis.
C) qi gong.
D) chiropractic treatment.

Question 10

The exercise that originated with Ayurvedic medicine is

A) qi gong.
B) tai chi.
C) yoga.
D) rhythmic meridian movement.

Question 11

Which alternative treatment is most likely to be covered by insurance plans in the United States?

A) chiropractic
B) dietary supplements
C) hypnotherapy
D) tai chi classes

Question 12

According to traditional Chinese medicine,when the qi is blocked or becomes stagnant,

A) health impairment occurs.
B) people lose weight.
C) an increase in creativity occurs.
D) lung capacity increases but digestive capacity decreases.

Question 13

The main limitation on the use of CAM is

A) the body of research that indicates no real effects for these techniques.
B) the widespread lack of acceptance by the public.
C) the lack of research on these techniques.
D) the campaign by conventional medicine to prevent people from using CAM.

Question 14

The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine

A) sponsors research on complementary and alternative medicine.
B) promotes the use of complementary and alternative medicine through lobbying efforts.
C) evaluates the safety of products and devices.
D) reviews treatment programs for the National Institutes of Health on complementary and alternative practices.

Question 15

When people combine conventional treatments such as analgesic drugs with alternative approaches such as massage,

A) they are using complementary medicine.
B) the diverse treatment approaches will be ineffective.
C) their conventional medicine practitioners often force them to make a choice between approaches.
D) the combination of approaches will probably cancel each other out.

Question 16

One of the goals of treatment in traditional Chinese medicine is to

A) reduce the amount of qi that flows through the body.
B) increase the amount of qi that flows through the body.
C) bring yin and yang into balance.
D) increase yin forces and decrease yang forces.

Question 17

Ayurvedic medicine originated in

A) India.
B) China.
C) Europe in the 19th century.
D) Japan.

Question 18

The technique that involves inserting needles into specific points on the body and stimulating those points is

A) qi gong.
B) acupuncture.
C) ayurveda.
D) pressure point therapy.

Question 19

What do all alternative medical systems have in common? The systems

A) are holistic, considering psychological factors as well as physical factors in health.
B) arose long ago and are now accepted by very few people.
C) accept the importance of manipulation of the skin and organs in the healing process.
D) emphasize physical factors and minimize psychological and emotional factors.

Question 20

Alternative medicine is an alternative to what?

A) complementary medicine
B) conventional medicine
C) Chinese medicine
D) Western medicine

Question 21

Research on the medical benefits of qi gong indicates that

A) qi gong training produces beneficial changes in the immune system.
B) qi gong must be combined with tai chi to exert beneficial effects.
C) the benefits are similar to relaxation training, producing mostly stress reduction.
D) the benefits of qi gong are similar to placebo effects.

Question 22

When practiced as a connected set of movements,tai chi

A) is not as beneficial as when practiced as disconnected, discrete movements.
B) has few physical benefits but produces many psychological benefits.
C) is no longer suitable for older people because of safety issues.
D) provides moderate intensity, low-impact aerobic exercise.

Question 23

Qi gong is

A) a series of movements that offer therapeutic benefits.
B) a talk-based therapy that originated in Chinese medicine.
C) a herbal remedy for stress or depression.
D) a type of meditation that is an effective strategy for controlling stress.

Question 24

The most critical element of the biofeedback process is

A) change in rate of breathing.
B) immediate information on the status of a biological system.
C) an understanding of how and why the process occurs.
D) change in heart rate.

Question 25

Vegetarian and vegan diets are helpful in promoting good health,as they are beneficial in helping to _______________.

A) reduce high cholesterol
B) reduce the risk of cold and flu
C) reduce the risk for osteoarthritis
D) all of the above

Question 26

An increasingly common non-secular practice,________ involves a focus of attention and an open attitude.

A) meditation
B) Qi Gong
C) Tai Chi
D) Reiki

Question 27

Martha participates in __________,a type of meditation where she sits and repeats a sound over and over.

A) mindfulness meditation
B) transcendental meditation
C) guided imagery
D) yoga

Question 28

The meditation technique that involves sitting relaxed with eyes closed,focusing on breathing,and repeating a single word or sound is called

A) mindfulness meditation.
B) transcendental meditation.
C) yogic meditation.
D) repetitive meditation.

Question 29

Jane participates in __________,a type of meditation focused on non-judgmental awareness of one's thoughts and feelings.

A) mindfulness meditation
B) transcendental meditation
C) guided imagery
D) yoga

Question 30

Biofeedback training can result in a person learning to raise skin temperature because

A) skin temperature rises when relaxation prompts vasodilation.
B) increased heart rate prompts vasodilation.
C) skin temperature correlates with visceral activity.
D) the sensorimotor rhythm prompts adrenal activation.

Question 31

Which type of meditation has been adapted into a stress-reduction program and has been shown to work by altering brain function.

A) mindfulness meditation
B) transcendental meditation
C) guided imagery
D) yoga

Question 32

The key components of ________ are the focus of attention on moving the body in a controlled fashion,ignoring other situations or problems.

A) mindfulness meditation
B) transcendental meditation
C) guided imagery
D) yoga

Question 33

Snyder is in therapy with a health psychologist for relief from panic attacks.The psychologist uses a technique in which Snyder is asked to imagine a peaceful pastoral scene and then concentrate on that scene during any anxiety-provoking situation.From this description it appears that Snyder's psychologist is using

A) hypnosis.
B) progressive muscle relaxation.
C) meditative relaxation.
D) guided imagery.

Question 34

Almost _______ of adults in the US supplement their diet with vitamins,minerals or natural products to improve their health.

A) 7%
B) 18%
C) 24%
D) 62%

Question 35

The notion that the mind and body form a holistic system of dynamic interaction characterizes which approach?

A) mind-body medicine
B) traditional Chinese medicine
C) Ayurvedic medicine
D) all of these

Question 36

The practice of yoga includes many postures that are intended to ___________ and controlled breathing that is intended to ____________.

A) relieve pressure on the spine . . . reframe their problems
B) concentrate energy in the body . . . concentrate attention
C) induce a trance . . . energize the body
D) concentrate muscle tension . . . remove muscle tension

Question 37

Tai chi is practiced currently as _____________ but originated as ____________.

A) a relaxation technique . . . a method for curing neurological disorders
B) an exercise to increase strength . . . a weight loss method
C) a technique to promote health . . . a martial art
D) a type of meditation . . . an aerobic workout

Question 38

Who was important in formulating the view that the mind and the body work according to different principles?

A) Norman Cousins
B) Benedict Lust
C) Daniel David Palmer
D) René Descartes

Question 39

Two of the more common alternative treatments in the United States are

A) chiropractic treatment and energy healing
B) chiropractic treatment and massage
C) massage and meditation
D) energy healing and massage

Question 40

With the technique known as mindfulness meditation,people

A) receive spiritual advice from their therapist.
B) receive information on their internal biological functioning.
C) focus nonjudgmentally on any thoughts or sensations as they occur.
D) attempt to discover their irrational cognitions.

Question 41

A treatment is classified as alternative because

A) the treatment has not been approved by the FDA.
B) its practitioners are not licensed.
C) research evidence has not confirmed its effectiveness.
D) all of these.

Question 42

A person who uses some form of CAM is likely to

A) be an immigrant to the United States.
B) be of low socioeconomic status.
C) accept the biomedical view of health and illness.
D) accept the biopsychosocial view of health and illness.

Question 43

Most people in the United States who use some form of CAM use it as __________ rather than as __________.

A) something their physician recommended . . . something they believe in
B) complementary medicine . . . alternative medicine
C) alternative medicine . . . complementary medicine
D) a last resort . . . a first choice

Question 44

In the United States,who is most likely to use CAM?

A) a well-educated European American woman
B) a poorly educated Hispanic woman
C) an Asian American whose parents immigrated to the United States
D) people with low back injuries

Question 45

Who is most likely to use CAMs?

A) a middle-aged Asian American women
B) a teenage athlete
C) a well-educated European American woman
D) a well-educated Asian American man

Question 46

Chronic low back pain is an extremely difficult pain syndrome to manage.What CAM treatment has demonstrated its effectiveness in managing low back pain?

A) massage
B) acupuncture
C) chiropractic treatment
D) all of these

Question 47

Sean practices this type of movement that could be described as "moving meditation:"

A) qi gong
B) tai chi
C) Reiki
D) mindfulness meditation

Question 48

Health psychologists have most effectively used hypnotic treatment to help people

A) control pain.
B) cope with stress.
C) stop smoking.
D) alter eating habits.

Question 49

People who use mindfulness meditation experience changes in the function of the brain that suggest

A) they are experiencing an increase in anxiety but a decrease in tension.
B) they are experiencing an increase in positive emotions.
C) their right hemisphere has increased its function, which indicates heightened creativity.
D) they are asleep.

Question 50

Young men who believe strongly in ______________ were ________ to use CAM than other people.

A) religion; more
B) religion; less
C) science; more
D) science; less

Question 51

Those researchers who believe that hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness also believe that it is necessary to use __________ to achieve this altered state.

A) increased muscle tension
B) an induction procedure
C) biofeedback
D) a hypnotist with a strong personality

Question 52

Which ethnic group is most likely to use CAMs?

A) European Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Hispanic americans

Question 53

Matt is experiencing recurring headaches and so he uses a treatment that consists of being made aware of his biological processes,such as his muscle tension.

A) biofeedback
B) hypnosis
C) energy healing
D) Reiki

Question 54

Critics of CAM argue that few double-blind,placebo controlled trials have demonstrated effectiveness.CAM advocates argue that

A) many techniques used in conventional medicine have not been evaluated by this method either.
B) double-blind, placebo controlled trials are a flawed method for evaluating health research.
C) researchers are biased against CAM, so the research is not fair.
D) the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine is underfunded.

Question 55

There has been evidence that suggests that ________ produces changes in the function of the immune system.

A) qi gong
B) tai chi
C) Reiki
D) mindfulness meditation

Question 56

Which of the following have been found to be useful in the treatment of depression?

A) acupuncture
B) yoga
C) Saint John's Wort
D) all of these

Question 57

Techniques from traditional Chinese medicine have demonstrated effectiveness for managing stress and depression.Which of the following statements describes the research findings?

A) Acupuncture and acupressure are effective in managing stress but less effective for depression.
B) Qi gong and tai chi are effective for managing stress, anxiety, and depression, but acupuncture has not been found to be effective for these conditions.
C) Qi gong and tai chi are effective for managing stress, and acupuncture is an effective treatment for depression.
D) Herbal preparations are effective in managing anxiety, and qi gong is an effective treatment for depression.

Question 58

Relaxation training,including meditation,has been found to be most successful in

A) lowering blood pressure to the normal range.
B) managing stress and anxiety.
C) treating stress-related schizophrenia.
D) treating ulcers.

Question 59

A recent study that examined the efficacy of hypnosis as a treatment,compared hypnotic patients to nonhypnotic patients found that pain was reduced for __________.

A) patients who were under hypnosis only
B) all patients, regardless of whether they were under hypnosis
C) patients who expected their treatment to be effective
D) nonhypnotic patients only.

Question 60

As a treatment for pain,acupuncture

A) is no more effective than a placebo.
B) produces biochemical changes in the brain consistent with pain relief.
C) is less effective than TENS.
D) all of these are correct.

Question 61

Evidence suggests that those patients MOST likely to receive pain relief through hypnosis are

A) men.
B) highly suggestible.
C) different from those who would respond well to a placebo.
D) all of these.

Question 62

Alternative treatments always remain on the fringe of treatment and never make the transition to conventional medicine.

Question 63

________ has been shown to be effective in treating insomnia.

A) Hypnosis
B) Biofeedback
C) Yoga
D) Acupuncture

Question 64

Whether procedures or practices are considered alternative medicine depends solely on cultural context.

Question 65

_____ has been found to be effective in controlling nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy in children.

A) Acupuncture
B) Accupressure
C) Hypnosis
D) Biofeedback

Question 66

All of the following techniques or supplements have been shown to reduce depression EXCEPT:

A) acupuncture
B) yoga
C) Saint John's Wort
D) qi gong

Question 67

Engaging in the practice of _______ has been helpful in reducing fears of falling and improving balance in older adults.

A) tai chi
B) Reiki
C) yoga
D) biofeedback

Question 68

_______ was shown to decrease hostility in prisoners.

A) Reiki
B) Yoga
C) Hypnosis
D) Mindfulness meditation

Question 69

Integrative medicine

A) attempts to integrate the use of medication and surgery to manage pain.
B) attempts to integrate conventional and alternative medicine to improve treatment success.
C) attempts to decrease the inequalities of health care treatment to ethnic minorities in the United States by establishing a series of facilities that treat people from all ethnic groups.
D) has been discussed but not attempted.

Question 70

People may be limited in their access to CAM through

A) the costs of the treatments, which are often not covered by insurance.
B) their physicians, who often discontinue conventional treatments for those who use CAM.
C) their families' reactions to their treatment choice.
D) none of these

Question 71

Biofeedback

A) offers clear advantages over relaxation training for migraine headaches.
B) has demonstrated its independent therapeutic effects for all types of headaches as well as for gastric disorders.
C) is not more effective than relaxation techniques for controlling pain.
D) is more successful with psychological than with physiological disorders.

Question 72

______ has been suggested to help control some of the risks of Type 2 diabetes.

A) Yoga
B) Hypnosis
C) Qi gong
D) Tai Chi

Question 73

Hypnosis is more effective in controlling __________ pain than _________ pain.

A) acute . . . chronic
B) chronic . . . acute
C) low back . . . headache
D) fibromyalgia . . . postsurgical

Question 74

The benefits of qi gong and tai chi include

A) relaxation, strengthened muscles, and improved balance.
B) pain relief and increased sensory acuity.
C) decreased immune system response.
D) nothing more than the placebo response.

Question 75

Traditional Chinese medicine hypothesizes that qi is a force that is essential to health and that acupuncture and qi gong improve health by affecting qi.

Question 76

Research has confirmed that mindfulness meditation is helpful in reducing people's __________.

A) anxiety
B) stress-related problems
C) depression
D) all of the above

Question 77

More people use complementary than alternative medicine.

Question 78

Yoga has been used successfully to help ________ in those who did not experience a complete response to traditional medicine.

A) decrease anxiety
B) decrease depression
C) decrease weight
D) all of the above

Question 79

_____ has been found to be effective in controlling nausea and vomiting associated with postoperative symptoms.

A) Acupuncture
B) Accupressure
C) Hypnosis
D) Biofeedback

Question 80

Homeopathic remedies are created through potentization.