Deck 15: Groundwater and Karst Landscapes

Question 1

________ is the threshold at which,for a given soil,water is no longer available for plant uptake.

A) Wilting point
B) Hygroscopic water
C) Capillary water
D) Gravitational water
E) Field capacity

Answer 1

A

Question 2

A geological formation that contains a suitable amount of water to be accessed for human use is called a(n)

A) water table.
B) aquifer.
C) aquiclude.
D) unsaturated rock layer.
E) contaminated rock.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Water absorbed by the soil is stored in

A) hygroscopic water.
B) capillary water.
C) the soil-water belt.
D) field capacity.
E) the unsaturated zone.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In the San Joaquin Valley of California,groundwater removal has caused the ground to ________ as much as 16 feet over a 35-year period.

A) move south
B) raise up
C) subside
D) build upward
E) erode

Question 5

The most heavily utilized aquifer in North America is the

A) High Plains (a.k.a Ogallala) Aquifer.
B) Rocky Mountain Aquifer.
C) Montana Aquifer.
D) Sparta Aquifer.
E) Ululla Aquifer.

Question 6

When the pore spaces between sediment become too small and do not allow water to pass through,the sediment is said to be

A) permeable.
B) impermeable.
C) unsaturated.
D) saturated.
E) semipermeable.

Question 7

During dry periods,_____[1]______ water is the only water available for use by plants.With increasing rainfall,the pore spaces _____[2]________ with capillary water.
Answer 1 Choices:
capillary
field
gravitational
hygroscopic
unsaturated
Answer 2 Choices:
are immediately saturated
begin to fill
remain fairly empty

Question 8

The state of _______ contains the greatest percentage of the High Plains (a.k.a.Ogallala)Aquifer area (highest percentage of total aquifer area).

A) Nebraska
B) Kansas
C) Colorado
D) Texas
E) Oklahoma

Question 9

__________ is the sinking of a surface as a result of the loss of support from underlying water,soils,or strata.

A) Draw-down
B) Subsidence
C) Deflation
D) Contamination
E) Karst

Question 10

A(n)___________ well is a well in which water from a confined aquifer rises to the surface through natural pressure.

A) saturated
B) artesian
C) center-pivot
D) depression
E) subsidence

Question 11

The High Plains (a.k.a.Ogallala)Aquifer underlies portions of ____ states in the central United States.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 3
D) 10
E) 8

Question 12

When water percolates down from Earth's surface,it first passes through the

A) saturated zone.
B) unsaturated zone.
C) water table.
D) aquifer.
E) subsidence.

Question 13

A(n)___________ is a permeable body of rock that contains and stores water underground.

A) water table
B) aquifer
C) aquiclude
D) unsaturated rock layer
E) contaminated rock

Question 14

When water is pumped out of a well that causes the water table around a well to drop,the initial feature formed is called the

A) unsaturated zone.
B) saturated zone.
C) cone of depression.
D) nonpermeable layer.
E) aldose zone.

Question 15

When pore spaces become completely filled with water,the soil is considered to be at __________ capacity.

A) water
B) saturated
C) field
D) hygroscopic
E) table

Question 16

__________ is the top of the saturated zone.

A) A water table
B) An aquifer
C) An aquiclude
D) The cone of depression
E) Subsidence

Question 17

The area between the soil-water belt and the water table where pore spaces are not saturated with water is called

A) the saturated zone.
B) the unsaturated zone.
C) the aquiclude.
D) an aquifer.
E) an artesian well.

Question 18

Once field capacity is reached,excess water flows downward as __________ water.

A) capillary
B) gravitational
C) unsaturated
D) hygroscopic
E) field

Question 19

Water held tightly to sediment grains is called

A) hygroscopic water.
B) field capacity.
C) an aquiclude.
D) percolation.
E) gravitational water.

Question 20

The majority of people living in the Sahara are clustered around

A) sinkholes.
B) oases.
C) the saturated zone.
D) the coast.
E) tops of sand dunes.

Question 21

The letter ____[1]____ in the following diagram corresponds to the cone of depression. Answer 1 Choices:
A
B
C
D
E

Question 22

Rocks with high carbonate content dissolve through the process of

A) infiltration.
B) saturation.
C) carbonation.
D) depression.
E) dehydration.

Question 23

A place where water naturally seeps out of the ground is called a(n)

A) well.
B) cone of depression.
C) spring.
D) aquiclude.
E) aquifer.

Question 24

Access to the High Plains (a.k.a.Ogallala)Aquifer changed in the 1950s with the advent of

A) center-pivot irrigation.
B) large corporate farms.
C) fallow irrigation.
D) precision agriculture.
E) subsurface irrigation.

Question 25

__________ also plays a role in eroding limestone deposits by providing organic acids that enhance the solution process.

A) Groundwater
B) Aquicludes
C) Vegetation
D) Dissolution
E) Surface water

Question 26

Place the events in the correct order for the formation of caves. i.Limestone below the water table dissolves,forming submerged caverns.
Ii)Water table drops and water carves out channels in the limestone as water flows to the river.
Iii)Stream downcuts,and water table drops.Caverns are now exposed in the unsaturated zone.
Iv)Stalagtites and stalagmites form.

A) i - iv - ii - iii
B) ii - iv - iii - i
C) i - iii - ii - iv
D) iii - ii - i - iv
E) i - iii - iv - ii

Question 27

This is a cavity in rock,produced by the dissolution of calcium carbonate and is large enough for a human to enter.

A) a cavity
B) a depression
C) a sinkhole
D) a cave
E) all of these

Question 28

The letter ___[1]____ in the following diagram corresponds to a well that will provide water in both the dry and wet seasons?
Answer 1 Choices
A
B
C
D
E

Question 29

Karst landscapes occur in regions that are now ____[1]_____ but that were ___[2]______ at some point in the geologic past.
Answer 1-2 Choices
arid
cold
humid
temperate

Question 30

The volume of the High Plains (a.k.a Ogallala)Aquifer is equivalent to the size of

A) Lake Superior.
B) Lake Michigan.
C) Lake Erie.
D) Lake Ontario.
E) Lake Huron.

Question 31

The letter__[1]___ in the following diagram corresponds to the well that will run dry in the dry season and produce water in the wet season. Answer 1 Choices:
A
B
C
D
E

Question 32

The letter ____[1]______ in the following diagram corresponds to the wet season water table. Answer 1 Choices
A
B
C
D
E

Question 33

A crop-free field is also known as a ________ field.

A) rotated
B) irrigated
C) subsiding
D) fallow
E) dry-land

Question 34

A region that contains solution caves and other soluble rock features is called

A) karst topography.
B) sinkhole topography.
C) mammoth topography.
D) depression topography.
E) none of these

Question 35

Groundwater flows to the _________ point on the landscape.

A) highest
B) neutral
C) lowest
D) median
E) highest pressure

Question 36

A large cave system is called a

A) cavity.
B) depression.
C) sinkhole.
D) carbonated void.
E) cavern.

Question 37

During the Pleistocene Epoch,people in __________ used caves as shelter from the cold and glaciers.

A) North America
B) South America
C) Antarctica
D) Africa
E) Europe

Question 38

There are _______ stages of cave and cavern formation.

A) two
B) three
C) five
D) six
E) seven

Question 39

The largest aquifers occur in regions with abundant _________ sediments over broad geographic regions.

A) clay
B) sandy
C) loamy
D) compacted
E) cobbles

Question 40

Karst landscapes are widespread in regions of ________ rainfall.

A) low
B) high
C) no
D) variable
E) acid

Question 41

___________ is the term that describes when the soil dries out to the stage that plant life begins to die.

A) Evapotranspiration
B) Wilting point
C) Capillary action
D) Aridisols
E) Aridating

Question 42

A topographic depression that forms when underlying rock dissolves,causing the surface to collapse,is called a

A) disappearing stream.
B) sinkhole.
C) cave.
D) depression.
E) stalagmite.

Question 43

This type of karst topography occurs in humid subtropical areas where thick beds of limestone and high water tables exist.

A) hayseed karst
B) fantastic karst
C) tower karst
D) feature karst
E) disappearing stream karst

Question 44

Another name for the peak-forest plain is

A) Fengcong.
B) Fenglin.
C) Guangxi.
D) San Agustin.
E) Gunung Mulu.

Question 45

With increasing precipitation,pore spaces fill with hygroscopic water.

Question 46

A ________________ is a surface river or stream that flows into a sinkhole and moves into an underground river system.

A) disappearing stream
B) sinkhole
C) cave
D) depression
E) stalagmite

Question 47

Water covers 70% of the Earth's surface.

Question 48

These cave features form as a result of water evaporating,leaving the calcium behind in a deposit that slowly grows up from the floor over time.

A) open features
B) water table dissolution
C) stalactites
D) stalagmites
E) columns

Question 49

___________ is the name of the High Plains (a.k.a Ogallala)Aquifer that ranges from Texas to South Dakota used for irrigation purposes.

A) Andrean Aquifer
B) Batholith
C) Danube
D) Ogallala
E) Balloila

Question 50

Water covers 30% of the Earth's surface.

Question 51

With increasing precipitation,pore spaces fill with capillary water.

Question 52

___________ is the term describing when the water table is drawn down in a circular pattern around a well or water pump.

A) Aqua dip
B) Fallow table
C) Cone of depression
D) Water couch
E) Zone of aeration

Question 53

__________ is the name of water that moves upward through the unsaturation zone.

A) Infiltrated water
B) Field capacity
C) Hygroscopic water
D) Capillary water
E) Transport water

Question 54

_________ is the term for the maximum amount of water that can be held in soil.

A) Field capacity
B) Hygroscopic water
C) Capillary action
D) Artesian water
E) Aquicludes

Question 55

Soil water held by sediment grains that is unavailable for plant use is called hygroscopic water.

Question 56

Hanging rods formed in caves and caverns are called

A) open features.
B) water table dissolution.
C) stalactites.
D) stalagmites.
E) columns.

Question 57

This feature forms in a cave when water,containing calcium carbonate,comes out of solution to create a formation on the ceiling.

A) stalactites
B) stalagmites
C) sinkholes
D) disappearing streams
E) columns

Question 58

Upward-pointing rods formed in caves and caverns are called

A) open features.
B) water table dissolution.
C) stalactites.
D) stalagmites.
E) columns.

Question 59

Another name for peak-cluster depressions formed from tower karst is

A) Fengcong.
B) Fenglin.
C) Guangxi.
D) San Agustin.
E) Gunung Mulu.

Question 60

The top of the saturated zone is called

A) an aquiclude.
B) an aquifer.
C) the water table.
D) the water transition zone.
E) the cone of depression.

Question 61

An aquiclude is a well in which water from a confined aquifer rises to the surface through natural pressure.

Question 62

Another name for the Ogallala Aquifer is the North American Aquifer.

Question 63

The saturated zone is the zone of rock below and including the water table where pore spaces are completely filled with water.

Question 64

The High Plains Aquifer is largely formed from thin,impermeable layers of rock.

Question 65

The top of the saturated zone is called the water table.

Question 66

A permeable layer of rock is called an aquiclude.

Question 67

The wilting point is the threshold at which,for any give soil,water is no longer available for plant uptake.

Question 68

The zone of rock that is completely saturated with water is called the water zone.

Question 69

The sinking of a surface as a result of the loss of water from an aquifer is called subsidence.

Question 70

About 45% of the people living in the Sahara Desert are clustered around oases.

Question 71

The recharge rate of the High Plains Aquifer in Texas is only 0.2 inch per year.

Question 72

The cone of depression occurs when the water table is lowered in regions surrounding the water well.

Question 73

As water moves down into the soil,it first moves through the zone of saturation.

Question 74

Beginning in the 1950s,the advent of center-pivot irrigation caused the level of the Ogallala Aquifer to decrease dramatically.

Question 75

One way to limit the loss of water from an aquifer is to allow the fields to be left fallow.

Question 76

Subsidence is the main reason Venice,Italy,has continued to sink for nearly 1400 years.

Question 77

One of the components of the groundwater model is overland flow.

Question 78

Under most circumstances,water that falls to the surface of the Earth is not absorbed by the soil

Question 79

When soil pore space becomes completely filled with water,it is considered to be at field capacity.

Question 80

A geological formation that contains an unusual amount of water accessible for human use is called an aquifer.