Deck 16: Fluvial Systems and Landforms

Question 1

Typically,higher-order streams contain ________ water than lower-order streams.

A) more
B) less
C) varying amounts
D) the same amount
E) unknown (it is not possible to tell from the given information)

Answer 1

A

Question 2

As a general rule,there is a(n)__________ relationship between increased stream order and stream size.

A) neutral
B) negative
C) positive
D) floating
E) exponential

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What does the v term in the stream discharge equation ()represent?

A) depth
B) channel width
C) velocity
D) slope
E) total discharge

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Ranking streams based on their size is called

A) stream sequence.
B) stream order.
C) ephemeral order.
D) drainage order.
E) perennial order.

Question 5

When the water level in a lake or pond reaches a sufficient depth,it may spill over at a low spot on the landscape.This is called

A) a perennial stream.
B) an ephemeral stream.
C) an outlet.
D) runoff.
E) a trunk.

Question 6

The place where two streams join together is called a

A) trunk stream.
B) tributary.
C) confluence.
D) drainage divide.
E) divergence.

Question 7

What does the d term in the stream discharge equation ()stand for?

A) depth
B) channel width
C) velocity
D) slope
E) total discharge

Question 8

What does the s term in the stream discharge equation ()represent?

A) depth
B) channel width
C) velocity
D) slope
E) total discharge

Question 9

____[1]____ streams flow all year long,whereas ____[2]____ streams flow for only a short period of time.
Answer 1 Choices:
Ephemeral
Perennial
Answer 2 Choices
ephemeral
outlet
perennial
runoff

Question 10

__________ occurs most commonly in association with wet periods when soils are saturated and pore spaces can no longer absorb additional precipitation.

A) Wilting point
B) Runoff
C) Capillary drainage
D) A tributary
E) A confluence

Question 11

When two streams of the same order merge,the new stream is

A) the same number.
B) the next stream order higher.
C) the next stream order lower.
D) the sum of the two streams.
E) It depends on the type of drainage pattern.

Question 12

__________ refers to the concentration of natural drainage channels in a given area.

A) A tributary
B) Drainage density
C) A drainage basin
D) A confluence
E) Stream order

Question 13

This value is calculated by dividing the total length of all streams in the basin by the area of the basin.

A) drainage multiplier
B) river density
C) stream order
D) drainage density
E) hydraulic geometry

Question 14

The study of flowing water on Earth's surface is called

A) hydraulic geometry.
B) rhine hydrology.
C) stream hydrology.
D) runoff analysis.
E) stream discharge.

Question 15

What does the Q term represent in the stream discharge equation ()?

A) depth
B) channel width
C) velocity
D) slope
E) total discharge

Question 16

_______________ occurs when water flows across the surface in sheets toward a drain.

A) Through runoff
B) Outlet runoff
C) Sheet runoff
D) Drainage runoff
E) Ephemeral drainage

Question 17

What does the w term in the stream discharge equation ()stand for?

A) depth
B) channel width
C) velocity
D) slope
E) total discharge

Question 18

The divide that separates the Mississippi watershed draining to the Gulf of Mexico from streams that deliver runoff to the Pacific Ocean is called the _________ Divide.

A) Basin
B) North American
C) United States
D) Continental
E) Northern Hemisphere

Question 19

_________ means that water flows in a very irregular and disorderly way.

A) Laminar
B) Saltation
C) Turbulence
D) Aggradation
E) Degradation

Question 20

The amount of discharge at any given place and time that is solely the product of groundwater seepage is called

A) stream flow.
B) flood stage.
C) bankfull discharge.
D) hydrologic control.
E) base flow.

Question 21

Low-lying terrain adjacent to a river that will inundate from time to time is called the

A) return period.
B) riparian corridor.
C) base flow.
D) floodplain.
E) flood stage.

Question 22

__________ occurs when sediment is removed from one place through a geomorphic process.

A) Erosion
B) Deposition
C) Transformation
D) Translation
E) Subduction

Question 23

The level at which stream discharge can begin to spill out of the channel into the surrounding area is termed

A) stream flow.
B) flood stage.
C) bankfull discharge.
D) hydrologic control.
E) base flow.

Question 24

_________ are the most active zones of fluvial erosion due to gravity.

A) River valleys
B) Floodplains
C) Hillslopes
D) Deltas
E) Flat plateaus

Question 25

_______ are small drainage channels that are cut into hillslopes by running water:

A) Rills
B) Colluvium
C) Stream gradation
D) Fluvial movement
E) Splash erosion

Question 26

The frequency of a flood event and its magnitude is known as the

A) return interval.
B) floodplain.
C) hydrologic organization.
D) water hierarchy.
E) flood order.

Question 27

______________ is the graphical representation of stream discharge over a period of time.

A) Base flow
B) Flood stage
C) Bankfull discharge
D) Channel geometry
E) A stream hydrograph

Question 28

From the diagram,if the peak discharge is 1500,what is the recurrence interval?

A) 2 years
B) 5 years
C) 10 years
D) 20 years
E) 50 years

Question 29

Stream discharge is typically expressed in

A) miles per hour.
B) kilometers per second.
C) meters per second.
D) cubic meters per second.
E) square meters per second.

Question 30

Sediment that floats along in the stream is called

A) bedload.
B) suspended load.
C) dissolved load.
D) saltation.
E) rolling.

Question 31

Which of the following are examples of depositional landforms?

A) a gully
B) a floodplain
C) an alluvial fan
D) a ravine
E) a peak

Question 32

From the diagram,what is the peak discharge if the recurrence interval is 50 years?

A) 3000
B) 2500
C) 2000
D) 500
E) 0

Question 33

This process occurs when the transporting agent loses power to carry the sediment.

A) erosion
B) deposition
C) transformation
D) translation
E) subduction

Question 34

Landforms created by water in streams and rivers are called

A) peak landforms.
B) saddle landforms.
C) fluvial landforms.
D) floodplain formations.
E) alluvial fans.

Question 35

Mineral irons that are carried in solution and are invisible during transport are called

A) bedload.
B) suspended load.
C) dissolved load.
D) saltation.
E) rolling.

Question 36

This type of load transported in a river usually consists of clays and silts that are held up in the water by turbulence.

A) bedload
B) suspended load
C) dissolved load
D) saltation
E) rolling

Question 37

The amount of discharge at which the stream channel is full is called

A) stream flow.
B) flood stage.
C) bankfull discharge.
D) hydrologic control.
E) base flow.

Question 38

When raindrops fall directly on to the soil,this process loosens,lifts,and drops sediment into new positions.

A) rills
B) colluvium
C) stream gradation
D) fluvial movement
E) splash erosion

Question 39

Typically,when a stream reaches its ultimate base level,the location is called

A) the source.
B) the river mouth.
C) the alluvial end point.
D) a fan apex.
E) a sorted feature.

Question 40

___________ is sediment deposited by a stream.

A) Alluvium
B) An alluvial terrace
C) An unpaired terrace
D) A talus fan
E) Colluvium

Question 41

The largest single curtain of falling water in the world is

A) Niagara Falls.
B) Angel Falls.
C) Iguacu Falls.
D) Victoria Falls.
E) Tuscaloosa Falls.

Question 42

A(n)_________ occurs when centrifugal force associated with the current flowing around a meander bend carries the main current outside of the curve.

A) cutbank
B) point bar
C) thalweg
D) oxbow lake
E) natural levee

Question 43

This type of sediment transport moves large particles such as sand and gravel by rolling,sliding,or bouncing them along the channel bed.

A) bedload
B) suspended load
C) dissolved load
D) saltation
E) rolling

Question 44

A steep slope created as a result of erosion undercutting the outside curve in a stream meander is called a(n)

A) cutbank.
B) point bar.
C) thalweg.
D) oxbow lake.
E) natural levee.

Question 45

This is a fan-shaped landform of low relief that forms where a stream flows out of an area of high relief into a broad,open plain where deposition occurs.

A) alluvium
B) an alluvial terrace
C) an unpaired terrace
D) an alluvial fan
E) colluvium

Question 46

This is the lowest level at which a stream can no longer lower its bed because it flows into the ocean,lake,or another stream.

A) a waterfall
B) a knickpoint
C) base level
D) a longitudinal profile
E) an artesian well

Question 47

The topographic lowering of a stream channel through stream erosion is called

A) a braided stream.
B) a graded stream.
C) degradation.
D) a meandering stream.
E) aggradation.

Question 48

A level,steplike landform that develops when a stream erodes its bed so that an essentially horizontal surface is raised relative to the channel is called

A) alluvium.
B) an alluvial terrace.
C) an unpaired terrace.
D) an alluvial fan.
E) colluviums.

Question 49

When alluvium accumulates as a long,curving deposit of sediment on the inside of a stream meander,it is called a(n)

A) cutbank.
B) point bar.
C) thalweg.
D) oxbow lake.
E) natural levee.

Question 50

___________ is a network of converging and diverging stream channels within an individual stream system that are separated from each other by deposits of sand and gravel.

A) A braided stream
B) A graded stream
C) A longitudinal profile
D) A meandering stream
E) Degradation

Question 51

__________ floodplains are regions near a river that is low and frequently flooded.

A) River
B) Backswamp
C) Active
D) Entrenched
E) Alluvium

Question 52

The progressive accumulation of sediment along or within a stream is called

A) a braided stream.
B) a graded stream.
C) aggradation.
D) downcutting.
E) degradation.

Question 53

A river or small stream that curves back and forth across its valley is called a(n)

A) exotic stream.
B) graded stream.
C) longitudinal profile.
D) meandering stream.
E) aggradation.

Question 54

A(n)_______________ occurs when a portion of an abandoned stream channel is cut off from the rest of the stream by the meandering process and is filled with stagnant water.

A) cutbank
B) point bar
C) thalweg
D) oxbow lake
E) anatural levee

Question 55

_____________ is a stream that is capable of transporting the average sediment load provided to it over time.

A) A braided stream
B) A graded stream
C) A longitudinal profile
D) A meandering stream
E) Aggradation

Question 56

A graph that illustrates the change in stream gradient in cross section along a stream from its source to its mouth is called a(n)

A) braided stream.
B) graded stream.
C) longitudinal profile.
D) meandering stream.
E) aggradation.

Question 57

This is a small ridge that develops along the channel of a stream through the deposition of relatively coarse sediment when flooding occurs.

A) a cutbank
B) a point bar
C) a thalweg
D) an oxbow lake
E) a natural levee

Question 58

The topographic lowering of a stream channel by stream erosion is called

A) degradation.
B) downcutting.
C) aggradation.
D) progradation.
E) meandering.

Question 59

When water slows at the edges of the stream bank,it deposits materials. This process will form a(n)

A) natural levee.
B) backswamp.
C) floodplain.
D) meander scar.
E) oxbow lake.

Question 60

The ___________ is a stream that can transport no more material than it is currently carrying.

A) entrained stream
B) aggraded stream
C) graded stream
D) competent stream
E) profiled stream

Question 61

Which of the following are transport mechanisms of streams?

A) colluvial load
B) bedload
C) dissolved load
D) suspended load
E) saltation

Question 62

A(n)__________is a barrier that blocks or restricts the downstream movement of a stream.

A) dam
B) natural levee
C) artificial levee
D) waterfall
E) delta

Question 63

Rivers that contain water for only a short period of time are called ephemeral streams.

Question 64

Runoff that flows in sheets toward a drain of some sort is called sheet runoff.

Question 65

A drainage system that is typically associated with parts of the Appalachian Mountains where there are ridges and valleys is

A) dendritic.
B) rectangular.
C) trellis.
D) radial.
E) parallel.

Question 66

Streams with water flowing in them all year long are called ephemeral streams.

Question 67

Another name for a watershed is

A) drainage basin.
B) drainage divide.
C) interfluve
D) confluence.
E) tributary.

Question 68

The most common type of drainage system is

A) dendritic.
B) rectangular.
C) trellis.
D) radial.
E) parallel.

Question 69

The hydrology in an urban system is considered ________ because these environments typically respond more quickly to the addition of water into the system.

A) temperamental
B) responsive
C) eager
D) flashy
E) sensitive

Question 70

When water overbanks repeatedly in an area,that area is called a(n)

A) natural levee.
B) backswamp.
C) floodplain
D) meander scar.
E) oxbow lake

Question 71

The area between gullies and streams called the __________

A) drainage basin.
B) drainage divide.
C) interfluve.
D) confluence.
E) tributary.

Question 72

When a meandering stream moves its channel,forms a lake,and then it fills in with sediment,it is called a(n)

A) natural levee.
B) backswamp.
C) floodplain.
D) meander scar.
E) oxbow lake.

Question 73

A drainage system that is typically associated with a volcano is called

A) dendritic.
B) rectangular.
C) trellis.
D) radial.
E) parallel.

Question 74

What it the body of stagnant water called that forms on a floodplain when a stream tops its banks?

A) natural levee.
B) backswamp.
C) floodplain
D) meander scar
E) oxbow lake.

Question 75

________ is a low,level plain that develops where a stream flows into a relatively still body of water so that its velocity decreases and alluvial deposition occurs.

A) The source
B) The river mouth
C) The alluvial end point
D) A fan apex
E) A delta

Question 76

________ is a term that describes the joining of two streams together.

A) Drainage basin
B) Drainage divide
C) Interfluve
D) Confluence
E) Tributary

Question 77

A(n)_____________ is an engineered structure along a river that effectively raises the height of the river bank and thus confines flood discharge.

A) dam
B) natural levee
C) artificial levee
D) waterfall
E) delta

Question 78

A rapid or waterfall is known as a

A) longitudinal profile.
B) base level.
C) cutbank.
D) knickpoint
E) graded stream.

Question 79

An area of raised land that forms a separating rim between two adjacent drainage basins is called a drainage basin.

Question 80

The level at which stream discharge can begin to spill out of the channel into the surrounding area is called flood stage.