Deck 13: Tectonic Processes and Landforms

Question 1

A period of mountain building is a(n):

A) triple junction.
B) orogeny.
C) escarpment.
D) epicenter.
E) epoch.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A passive plate margin is found at the

A) Atlantic coast of North America.
B) Red Sea.
C) Pacific coast of North America.
D) western coast of South America.
E) the Dead Sea Fault.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The fastest moving plate has historically been the

A) North American.
B) South American.
C) Pacific.
D) Nazca.
E) Indian.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The side of a fold is called a

A) rift.
B) leg.
C) limb.
D) joint.
E) graben.

Question 5

Which of the following can plate tectonics help explain? (Select all that apply.)

A) volcanoes
B) earthquakes
C) certain fossil distributions
D) rates of soil formation
E) mountain chains

Question 6

The Earth's plates move around on the Earth because they float on the

A) asthenosphere.
B) core.
C) crust.
D) mantle.
E) continental shields.

Question 7

A structural feature where one part of the rock mass is shoved up and over the other is a(n):

A) orogeny.
B) overthrust fault.
C) triple junction.
D) pluton.
E) dike.

Question 8

A plate boundary where opposing plates move horizontally past each other is a

A) passive plate margin.
B) transform boundary.
C) divergent boundary.
D) convergent boundary.
E) mid-ocean ridge.

Question 9

Which of the following are major tectonic plates? (Select all that apply.)

A) Australian
B) Antarctic
C) Pacific
D) North American
E) Juan de Fuca

Question 10

Select all of the following mountain-building episodes that impacted the area of the Appalachians.

A) the Acadian
B) the Taconic
C) the Allegheny
D) the Antler
E) the Laramide

Question 11

Lines of equal age are

A) isotherms.
B) isobars.
C) isochrons.
D) isohyets.
E) isoglosses.

Question 12

The process associated with the breakup of the giant supercontinent was initially called

A) subduction.
B) rafting.
C) continental drift.
D) rifting.
E) isostacy.

Question 13

Divergent plate boundaries include

A) east Africa.
B) the Mid-Atlantic ridge.
C) between the Nazca and Pacific plates.
D) between the African and Antarctic plates.
E) ALL of these.

Question 14

An overturned fold is also known as a ______[1]_______, in which the fold limb is tilted beyond the vertical so that both limbs are inclined in the ___[2]___ direction at ____[3]____ angles. Answer 1 Choices
Hogback ridge
Overthrust fault
Overthrust fold
Recumbent fold
Answer 2 Choices:
Opposite
Same
Answer 3 Choices:
Different
Right
Same
90 degree

Question 15

A ridge-like feature that develops along a rift zone in the ocean due to magma upwelling is a(n)

A) anticline.
B) syncline.
C) mid-oceanic ridge.
D) hogback ridge.
E) orogeny.

Question 16

Which of the following are examples of transform boundaries? (Select all that apply.)

A) the San Andreas Fault
B) the Atlantic coast of North America
C) the Dead Sea Fault
D) faults perpendicular to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
E) faults parallel to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Question 17

The man noted for first describing the formation of a giant supercontinent that broke and moved apart is

A) Köppen.
B) Thornthwaite.
C) Christaller.
D) Davis.
E) Wegener.

Question 18

The spreading apart of the Earth's crust by magma rising between fractures in the Earth's plates is

A) subduction.
B) rifting.
C) laterization.
D) overthrusting.
E) exfoliation.

Question 19

The minor plate off of the coast of Washington and Oregon is the

A) Juan de Fuca.
B) Bismark.
C) Coco.
D) Scotio.
E) Nazca.

Question 20

The feature at 6 in the illustration below is BEST called a(n)

A) anticlinal valley.
B) anticlinal ridge.
C) synclinal valley.
D) synclinal ridge
E) horst.

Question 21

The feature at 1 in the illustration below is BEST called a(n)

A) anticlinal valley.
B) anticlinal ridge.
C) synclinal valley.
D) synclinal ridge.
E) horst.

Question 22

Subduction is BEST associated with

A) transform boundaries.
B) convergent boundaries that have oceanic crust.
C) all convergent boundaries.
D) divergent boundaries.
E) passive boundaries.

Question 23

The highest mountain in the world from mean sea level is

A) Mount McKinley.
B) K2.
C) Mount Fuji.
D) Mount Ararat.
E) Mount Everest.

Question 24

Divergent plate boundaries are BEST associated with

A) subduction.
B) rifting.
C) folding.
D) erosion.
E) uplift.

Question 25

The process by which one lithospheric plate is forced beneath another is

A) laterization.
B) seismicity.
C) subduction.
D) volcanism.
E) plutonism.

Question 26

Select all of the following that are associated with subduction:

A) earthquakes
B) mid-oceanic ridge
C) volcanoes
D) oceanic to continental crust convergent boundaries
E) divergent boundaries with oceanic to oceanic crust

Question 27

The feature at 5 in the illustration below is BEST called a(n)

A) anticlinal valley.
B) anticlinal ridge.
C) synclinal valley.
D) synclinal ridge.
E) hogback ridge.

Question 28

The seismic waves that shake the ground in a vertical fashion are

A) primary waves.
B) secondary waves.
C) Mercalli waves.
D) Richter waves.
E) Wegener waves.

Question 29

The feature at 4 in the illustration below is BEST called a(n)

A) anticlinal valley.
B) anticlinal ridge.
C) synclinal valley.
D) synclinal ridge.
E) graben.

Question 30

A fault associated with divergence is a(n)

A) normal fault.
B) abnormal fault.
C) reverse fault.
D) backward fault.
E) scissor fault.

Question 31

A steplike feature on the Earth's surface created by fault slippage is a(n) (Select all that may apply.)

A) fault escarpment.
B) scarp.
C) delta.
D) drift.
E) hogback ridge.

Question 32

Select the term that best completes each of the following statements. Answer 1-5 Choices:
Earthquake
Epicenter
Faults
Focus
Scarp

Question 33

The feature at 7 in the illustration below is BEST called a(n)

A) anticlinal valley.
B) anticlinal ridge.
C) synclinal valley..
D) synclinal ridge
E) horst

Question 34

The logarithmic scale used to measure the strength of an earthquake is the:

A) Mercalli Scale.
B) Richter Scale.
C) Mohs Scale.
D) Fujita Scale.
E) Saffir-Simpson Scale.

Question 35

The instrument used to measure and record an earthquake is a

A) climograph.
B) barometer.
C) Brunton compass.
D) seismograph.
E) hygrometer.

Question 36

The types of convergent boundaries are (Select all that apply.)

A) continental to continental.
B) oceanic to continental.
C) oceanic to oceanic.
D) mid-oceanic ridge.
E) midcontinental rift.

Question 37

The feature at 2 in the illustration below is BEST called a(n)

A) anticlinal valley.
B) anticlinal ridge.
C) synclinal valley.
D) synclinal ridge.
E) graben.

Question 38

Seismic waves that are compressional waves are

A) primary waves.
B) secondary waves.
C) Richter waves.
D) Mercalli waves.
E) Wegener waves.

Question 39

The feature at 3 in the illustration below is BEST called a(n)

A) anticlinal valley.
B) anticlinal ridge.
C) synclinal valley.
D) synclinal ridge.
E) horst.

Question 40

The illustration below shows a

A) strike-slip fault.
B) horst.
C) normal fault.
D) reverse fault.
E) graben.

Question 41

Upthrown and downthrown blocks of rock resulting from ___[1]___ faulting are known as ___[2]____ (upthrown blocks) and ___[3]___ (downthrown blocks). Answer 1 Choices:
Normal
Reverse
Answer 2-3 Choices:
Horst
Graben
Overthrust
Subduction

Question 42

A mudflow produced by volcanism with volcanic debris is a(n)

A) avalanche.
B) talus.
C) creep.
D) lahar.
E) esker.

Question 43

The center depression in a volcano is a

A) sinkhole.
B) basin.
C) crater.
D) kettle.
E) esker.

Question 44

A steep-sided volcanic landform consisting of highly viscous lava that does not flow far from its point of origin before it solidifies is a

A) cinder cone.
B) composite cone.
C) lahar.
D) lava dome.
E) shield cone.

Question 45

The Pacific Ring of Fire includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Vesuvius
B) Mount Ruapehu
C) Mount Capulin
D) Kliuchevskoi
E) Cotapaxi

Question 46

A structural fault along which two lithospheric plates or masses of rocks move horizontally in opposite directions and parallel to the fault line is a

A) normal fault.
B) reverse fault.
C) strike-slip fault.
D) scissor fault.
E) dome.

Question 47

A small, steep-sided volcano that consists of solidified magma fragments and rock debris is a

A) shield cone.
B) composite cone.
C) cinder cone.
D) talus cone.
E) caldera.

Question 48

Fragmented rock materials resulting from a volcanic explosion or ejection from a volcanic vent are called

A) alluvium.
B) sediment.
C) pyroclastic material.
D) drift.
E) till.

Question 49

Which of these are examples of shield volcanoes? (Select all that apply.)

A) Crater Lake
B) Mount St. Helens
C) Mauna Loa
D) Mount Capulin
E) Mount Nyaragongo

Question 50

The illustration below shows a

A) strike-slip fault.
B) horst.
C) normal fault.
D) reverse fault.
E) graben.

Question 51

A large, steep-sided volcano that grows through progressive eruptions that are usually explosive and consists of layers of volcanic debris is a

A) cinder cone.
B) composite cone.
C) shield cone.
D) talus cone.
E) caldera.

Question 52

The large depression of a volcano resulting from explosive volcanism or from collapse of the magma chamber is a(n)

A) sinkhole.
B) basin.
C) crater.
D) caldera.
E) lahar.

Question 53

A very low angle reverse fault is a(n)

A) abnormal fault.
B) normal fault.
C) transform fault.
D) overthrust fault.
E) scissor fault.

Question 54

The Pacific Ring of Fire includes which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Mount Fuji
B) Mount St. Helens
C) Mount Garabaldi
D) Mount Mazama
E) Mount Kenya

Question 55

Small-scale transform faults are

A) reverse faults.
B) normal faults.
C) overthrust faults.
D) strike-slip faults.
E) scissor faults.

Question 56

A fault associated with collision zones is a(n)

A) normal fault.
B) abnormal fault.
C) reverse fault.
D) transform fault.
E) scissor fault.

Question 57

A mountain or large hill containing a conduit that extends down into the upper mantle through which magma, ash, and gases are periodically ejected is a(n)

A) dome.
B) drumlin.
C) kame.
D) haystack.
E) volcano.

Question 58

The physiographic region that is predominantly associated with block faulting is

A) Ridge and Valley.
B) Basin and Range.
C) Cascades.
D) Gulf-Atlantic Coastal Plain.
E) Appalachian Mountains.

Question 59

A very broad volcano with shallow slopes formed from lava that flows easily is a

A) cinder cone.
B) basin.
C) composite cone.
D) dome.
E) shield cone.

Question 60

A stationary zone of magma upwelling that is associated with volcanism within the interior of a crustal plate is a(n)

A) geyser.
B) mudpot.
C) hotspot.
D) sinkhole.
E) esker.

Question 61

A steam vent that results because underlying groundwater is boiled away before reaching the surface is a(n)

A) mudpot.
B) geyser.
C) lahar.
D) fumaroles.
E) esker.

Question 62

Fluid volcanoes tend to favor the formation of what type of volcano?

A) explosive volcanoes
B) cinder-cone volcanoes
C) composite volcanoes
D) shield volcanoes

Question 63

When two continental plates slide next to each other, it is called

A) plate divergence.
B) plate convergence.
C) transform plate margins.
D) plate slip.
E) transform collision margin.

Question 64

Explosive volcanoes that are usually formed very quickly after a single eruption are what type of volcano?

A) fluid volcanoes
B) cinder-cone volcanoes
C) composite volcanoes
D) shield volcanoes

Question 65

The area where earthquakes are known to occur is a(an)

A) focus.
B) epicenter.
C) fault.
D) fault zone.
E) hotspot.

Question 66

When two continental plates collide, it is called

A) plate divergence.
B) plate convergence.
C) transform plate margins.
D) plate slip.
E) transform collision margin.

Question 67

What is the valley of a folded terrain called?

A) anticline
B) syncline
C) downcline
D) ecocline

Question 68

The point on the surface of the Earth directly above where an earthquake originates is called the

A) focus.
B) epicenter.
C) fault.
D) fault zone.
E) hotspot.

Question 69

When two continental plates pull apart, it is called

A) plate divergence.
B) plate convergence.
C) transform plate margins.
D) plate slip.
E) transform collision margin.

Question 70

Volcanic Arcs are BEST associated with

A) continent-to-continent collision zones.
B) subduction zones.
C) folded yerrain.
D) continental shields.

Question 71

Which fault is associated with compression and convergence zones?

A) normal
B) back
C) reverse or thrust
D) strike-slip

Question 72

Which fault is associated with shear and transform zones?

A) normal
B) back
C) reverse or thrust
D) strike-slip

Question 73

The largest volcano on Earth is

A) Mount St. Helens.
B) Mount Fuji.
C) Mauna Loa.
D) Vesuvius.
E) Kliuchevskoi.

Question 74

Which fault is associated with tension and divergence zones?

A) mormal
B) back
C) reverse or thrust
D) strike-slip

Question 75

Explosive volcanoes that are usually formed after several eruptions are what type of volcano?

A) fluid volcanoes
B) cinder-cone volcanoes
C) composite volcanoes
D) shield volcanoes

Question 76

A superheated fountain of water that suddenly sprays into the air on a periodic basis is a

A) mudpot.
B) lahar.
C) caldera.
D) fumarole.
E) geyser.

Question 77

Eroded submerged volcanoes are

A) anticlines.
B) geysers.
C) kames.
D) domes.
E) seamounts.

Question 78

A bubbling mixture of gaseous mud and water at the Earth's surface that is associated with geothermal activity is a(n)

A) geyser.
B) mudpot.
C) caldera.
D) fumaroles.
E) epicenter.

Question 79

Ranked in size from smallest to largest are

A) cinder cone, shield cone, composite cone.
B) composite cone, shield cone, cinder cone.
C) cinder cone, composite cone, shield cone.
D) shield cone, composite cone, cinder cone.
E) composite cone, cinder cone, shield cone.

Question 80

The Alps of Europe contain rock from Africa.