Deck 12: Earth S Internal Structure, rock Cycle, and Geologic Time

Question 1

Molten rock on the Earth's surface is

A) alluvium.
B) lava.
C) sediment.
D) drift.
E) magma.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The liquid part of the interior of the Earth is

A) the inner core.
B) the lower mantle.
C) the outer core.
D) BOTH the inner core and the lower mantle.
E) NONE of these.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Magma cools to form

A) metamorphic rock.
B) inorganic sedimentary rock.
C) clastic sedimentary rock.
D) intrusive igneous rock.
E) extrusive igneous rock.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What are the two most abundant elements in the Earth's crust?

A) iron
B) aluminum
C) silicon
D) nitrogen
E) oxygen

Question 5

A place where rock is exposed at the Earth's surface is a(n)

A) asthenosphere.
B) horizon.
C) seismograph.
D) front.
E) outcrop.

Question 6

Magma that has moved vertically upward through a crack in the rock forms a(n)

A) laccolith.
B) batholith.
C) sill.
D) dike.
E) stock.

Question 7

The layer of very soft rock within the Earth that allows for isostatic adjustments is the

A) asthenosphere.
B) inner core.
C) lower mantle.
D) outer core.
E) Moho.

Question 8

Continental crust is mostly

A) shale.
B) basalt.
C) limestone.
D) granite.
E) coal.

Question 9

Molten rock beneath the Earth's surface is

A) alluvium.
B) lava.
C) sediment.
D) drift.
E) magma.

Question 10

Magma that penetrates between rock layers forms a

A) laccolith.
B) batholith.
C) sill.
D) dike.
E) stock.

Question 11

Vibrations that travel through the Earth when stress is released in an earthquake are

A) faults.
B) joints.
C) seismic waves.
D) grabens.
E) plutons.

Question 12

The study of landforms and how they form is BEST called

A) paleontology.
B) geomorphology.
C) cartography.
D) seismology.
E) petrology.

Question 13

A common rock-forming mineral is

A) limestone.
B) marble.
C) siltstone.
D) granite.
E) quartz.

Question 14

The outer layer of the Earth is the

A) inner core.
B) outer core.
C) crust.
D) upper mantle.
E) lower mantle.

Question 15

Which of the following are intrusive igneous bodies?

A) sill
B) batholith
C) stock
D) laccolith
E) dike

Question 16

A large,irregular magma chamber forms a(n)

A) laccolith.
B) batholith.
C) sill.
D) dike.
E) stock.

Question 17

Oceanic crust is mostly

A) shale.
B) basalt.
C) limestone.
D) granite.
E) coal.

Question 18

Lava cools to form

A) metamorphic rock.
B) inorganic sedimentary rock.
C) clastic sedimentary rock.
D) intrusive igneous rock.
E) extrusive igneous rock.

Question 19

___[1]____ cools on Earth's surface to form ____[2]_____,and ___[3]____ cools inside the Earth to form ____[4]_____.
Answer 1 Choices
Lava
Magma
Answer 2 Choices:
clastic sedimentary rock
extrusive igneous rock
intrusive igneous rock
metamorphic rock
Answer 3 Choices:
lava
magma
Answer 4 Choices
clastic sedimentary rock
extrusive igneous rock
intrusive igneous rock
metamorphic rock

Question 20

The solid iron and nickel inside the Earth forms its

A) inner core.
B) outer core.
C) lower mantle.
D) upper mantle.
E) asthenosphere. .

Question 21

Which of the following are intrusive felsic rocks?

A) andesite
B) basalt
C) granite
D) diorite
E) rhyolite

Question 22

____[1]____ is formed when medium to sand-size rock fragments are cemented together.When the rock fragments that are cemented together include pebbles,____[2]_____ is formed.An example of a fine-grained sedimentary rock made from clay-size particles is ___[3]_______.
Answer 1 Choices:
Conglomerate
Sandstone
Shale
Answer 2-3 Choices:
conglomerate
sandstone
shale

Question 23

Rocks that contain biotite,amphibole pyroxene,and olivine are called

A) albic
B) oxic..
C) felsic.
D) mafic.
E) salic.

Question 24

Which of the following are examples of clastic sedimentary rocks?

A) sandstone
B) conglomerate
C) granite
D) coal
E) shale

Question 25

Identify whether the following rocks are either "intrusive" or "extrusive" and "felsic" or "mafic."
Andesite [1] [2]
Answer 1 Choices:
Extrusive
Intrusive
Answer 2 Choices:
Felsic
Mafic

Question 26

Identify whether the following rocks are either "intrusive" or "extrusive" and "felsic" or "mafic."
Basalt [1] [2]
Answer 1 Choices:
Extrusive
Intrusive
Answer 2 Choices:
Felsic
Mafic

Question 27

Rocks that form from the cementation and compaction of loose rock debris and organic matter are

A) igneous.
B) metamorphic.
C) sedimentary.
D) clastic.
E) ALL of these.

Question 28

The dominant mineral in clastic sedimentary rocks is

A) feldspar.
B) quartz.
C) carbon.
D) calcite.
E) gypsum.

Question 29

This rock is ____[1]______,an [2] [3] rock that forms when nongaseous [4] cools so fast crystals cannot form.
Answer 1 Choices
basalt
granite
obsidian
Answer 2 Choices
extrusive
intrusive
Answer 3 Choices
igneous
metamorphic
sedimentary
Answer 4:
lava
magma

Question 30

Rocks that form from melted rock that has cooled and solidified are

A) igneous.
B) metamorphic.
C) sedimentary.
D) clastic.
E) ALL of these.

Question 31

Magma that pools between rock layers and pushes the overlying layers up is a

A) laccolith.
B) batholith.
C) sill.
D) dike.
E) stock.

Question 32

Identify whether the following rocks are either "intrusive" or "extrusive" and "felsic" or "mafic."
Gabbro [1] [2]
Answer 1 Choices:
Extrusive
Intrusive
Answer 2 Choices:
Felsic
Mafic

Question 33

Identify whether the following rocks are either "intrusive" or "extrusive" and "felsic" or "mafic."
Rhyolite [1] [2]
Answer 1 Choices:
Extrusive
Intrusive
Answer 2 Choices:
Felsic
Mafic

Question 34

Rocks that form from broken rock fragments make rocks classified as

A) intrusive igneous.
B) foliated metamorphic.
C) clastic sedimentary.
D) organic sedimentary.
E) chemical sedimentary.

Question 35

The dominant mineral in limestone is

A) quartz.
B) feldspar.
C) calcite.
D) carbon.
E) olivine.

Question 36

Rocks that form from precipitated and recrystallized materials that have been dissolved in seawater form rock that is

A) intrusive igneous.
B) foliated metamorphic.
C) clastic sedimentary.
D) organic sedimentary.
E) chemical sedimentary.

Question 37

Rocks that contain quartz and feldspar are called

A) albic.
B) oxic.
C) felsic.
D) mafic.
E) salic.

Question 38

____[1]_____ that cools slowly forms intrusive igneous rock,and when ____[2]____ cools at the surface it forms ______[3]_____ rock.
Answer 1 Choices
Basalt
Lava
Magma
Answer 2 Choices:
basalt
lava
magma
Answer 3 Choices
clastic sedimentary
extrusive igneous
extrusive sedimentary
intrusive igneous
metamorphic

Question 39

The process whereby loose rock debris is cemented and compacted to form rock is called

A) metamorphism.
B) lithification.
C) podzolization.
D) subduction.
E) laterization.

Question 40

Surface salt residue that collects through the evaporation of water and the crystallization of the dissolved materials forms

A) fissures.
B) joints.
C) sills.
D) laterites.
E) evaporates.

Question 41

The chemical sedimentary rock that is predominantly calcium magnesium carbonate is

A) granite.
B) limestone.
C) coal.
D) dolomite.
E) shale.

Question 42

A naturally occurring oily liquid that consists of ancient hydrocarbons is

A) schist.
B) basalt.
C) coal.
D) gneiss.
E) petroleum.

Question 43

In which of the following are the geologic periods in the correct chronological order?

A) Cambrian; Silurian; Permian; Tertiary; Quaternary
B) Tertiary; Silurian; Permian; Quaternary; Cambrian
C) Permian; Quaternary; Cambrian; Silurian; Tertiary
D) Quaternary; Permian; Tertiary; Silurian; Cambrian
E) Cambrian; Silurian; Tertiary; Permian; Quaternary

Question 44

The rock that forms from the remains of plants and animals is

A) foliated metamorphic.
B) extrusive igneous.
C) clastic sedimentary.
D) organic sedimentary.
E) chemical sedimentary.

Question 45

Much of the important organic deposits of the world date to the

A) Archean.
B) Jurassic.
C) Pleistocene.
D) Mississippian.
E) Paleocene.

Question 46

Rocks that form from heat and pressure without melting are

A) igneous.
B) metamorphic.
C) clastic sedimentary.
D) chemical sedimentary.
E) organic sedimentary.

Question 47

Contact metamorphism occurs by

A) minerals precipitating from seawater.
B) the rock being near molten rock.
C) rock becoming deeply buried.
D) the rock being heated until it melts.
E) rock fragments becoming lithified.

Question 48

The age of the Earth is about

A) 12.7 billion years.
B) 4.7 billion years.
C) 2.5 billion years.
D) 540 million years.
E) 250 million years.

Question 49

The earliest of the following is

A) Jurassic.
B) Pleistocene.
C) Precambrian.
D) Devonian.
E) Permian.

Question 50

Chemical sedimentary rocks that are predominantly quartz include

A) limestone.
B) shale.
C) coal.
D) flint or chert.
E) marble.

Question 51

The calendar of Earth history is called the

A) plate tectonic theory.
B) geological time scale.
C) rock cycle.
D) hydrologic cycle.
E) Mohs Scale.

Question 52

If shale is metamorphosed,it becomes

A) marble.
B) granite.
C) slate.
D) sandstone.
E) schist.

Question 53

Metamorphic means

A) made of rock fragments.
B) to turn to rock.
C) to change.
D) melted.
E) layered.

Question 54

A naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbons that is found in porous geologic formations is

A) gneiss.
B) natural gas.
C) schist.
D) obsidian.
E) conglomerate.

Question 55

The formation of the Earth and the evolution of the atmosphere are BEST associated with the

A) Precambrian.
B) Quaternary.
C) Paleozoic.
D) Pleistocene.
E) Jurassic.

Question 56

Ranked from largest to smallest are:

A) eras, epochs, eons, periods.
B) eras, periods, eons, epochs.
C) epochs, eons, eras, periods.
D) eons, eras, periods, epochs.
E) eons, epochs, eras, periods.

Question 57

___[1]_____ cover more time than ___[2]____,which cover more time than __[3]____.The geologic time unit that covers even less time is ___[4]____.
Answer 1-4 Choices
Eon
Epoch
Era
Period

Question 58

The model that shows how Earth materials are changed from one rock family to another through time is called

A) plate tectonics.
B) the hydrologic cycle.
C) the carbon cycle.
D) the rock cycle.
E) the geological time scale.

Question 59

Ranked from earliest to latest are:

A) Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Cenozoic.
B) Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic.
C) Cenozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic.
D) Mesozoic, Cenozoic, Paleozoic.
E) Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic.

Question 60

According to science,how old is the universe?

A) 4.1 million years old
B) 14 billion years old
C) 140 billion years old
D) 1.4 trillion years old

Question 61

What is another name for the continental crust?

A) oxsi
B) sima
C) sial
D) alma

Question 62

What are the two categories of sedimentary rocks?

A) crystallized
B) organic
C) clastic
D) foliated
E) chemical

Question 63

Concerning geologic time,what is the correct order from longest to shortest division?

A) eons, eras, periods, and epochs
B) eras, epochs, eons, and periods
C) periods, eons, epochs, and eras
D) epochs, periods, eras, and eons

Question 64

What is the most common rock in the oceanic crust?

A) granite
B) grabbo
C) sandstone
D) basalt

Question 65

Which layer of the Earth is the uppermost layer and begins at the Moho?

A) outer core
B) inner core
C) asthenosphere
D) lithosphere

Question 66

Which of the following is a clastic sedimentary rock?

A) gneiss
B) coal
C) limestone
D) sandstone

Question 67

Which of the following is a chemical sedimentary rock?

A) gneiss
B) coal
C) limestone
D) sandstone

Question 68

What are the two categories of metamorphic rock?

A) foliated
B) clastic
C) nonfoliated
D) organic
E) crystallized

Question 69

Concerning geologic time,about how long is the Holocene?

A) 10,000 years
B) 100,000 years
C) 1,000,000 years
D) 10,000,000 years

Question 70

If for every 5 units of carbon-14 in a sample there were 15 units of nitrogen-14,the age of the sample would be about

A) 17,190 years.
B) 11,460 years.
C) 5730 years.
D) 2865 years.
E) 1432.5 years.

Question 71

Even though the temperatures inside the Earth are high enough to melt the materials,they can be solid because of the tremendously high pressures.

Question 72

The time that it takes for half of a radioactive isotope to break down is its

A) half-life.
B) relief.
C) cleavage.
D) density.
E) wave length.

Question 73

When rock layers do not represent the entire sequence of time,but rather a gap of time is evident between the layers,this gap is called a(n)

A) unconformity.
B) joint.
C) fault
D) dike.
E) erratic.

Question 74

Of the following,the longest is

A) Mesozoic.
B) Pleistocene.
C) Cenozoic.
D) Proterozoic.
E) Paleozoic.

Question 75

Which of the following are types of igneous rocks?

A) crystallized
B) intrusive
C) clastic
D) foliated
E) extrusive

Question 76

What is the most common rock in the continental crust?

A) granite
B) grabbo
C) sandstone
D) basalt

Question 77

What is another name for the oceanic crust?

A) oxsi
B) sima
C) sial
D) alma

Question 78

Which of the following is an organic sedimentary rock?

A) gneiss
B) coal
C) limestone
D) sandstone

Question 79

Which layer of the Earth is at the center and is solid?

A) outer core
B) inner core
C) asthenosphere
D) lithosphere

Question 80

An important characteristic of most sedimentary rocks is that they are layered.