Deck 13: Leadership Effectiveness

Question 1

Anyone who exerts influence over others in pursuit of organizationally relevant matters is a leader.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Men were seen as displaying both more task and social leadership than women.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Leadership can be assessed at the individual, group, or organization levels.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Machiavellianism entails the use of manipulation, and is positively related to leadership effectiveness.

Question 5

Research has shown that men and women are equally assertive.

Question 6

The evaluation of a leader's effectiveness depends in part on who the evaluator is and what the evaluator wants.

Question 7

Effective leadership is influenced by four types of leadership behavior: task-oriented, relationship-oriented, group-oriented, and organizationally oriented.

Question 8

The trait approach to leadership attempts to identify personality characteristics or interpersonal attributes that can be used to differentiate leaders from followers.

Question 9

Demographic traits such as gender and age influence an individual's use of leader behaviors.

Question 10

Meta-analysis is a statistical procedure that computes an average relationship between two variables.

Question 11

The idea that people have beliefs about how leaders should behave and what they should do for their followers is called explicit leadership theory.

Question 12

Leadership effectiveness is defined as gaining commitment with influence attempts.

Question 13

Leaders need cognitive abilities to derive effective solutions in short time spans with limited information.

Question 14

Being a leader requires holding a formal position of authority.

Question 15

Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.

Question 16

Extraversion is positively related to leader effectiveness, but agreeableness is not.

Question 17

Effective leadership is influenced not only by leadership behavior, but also task-oriented traits and interpersonal attributes.

Question 18

Narcissism is characterized as a lack of concern for others, impulsive behavior, and a lack of remorse or guilt when one's actions harm others.

Question 19

Leadership is the same thing as managing.

Question 20

Intelligence and conscientiousness are positively related to leader effectiveness.

Question 21

Research has shown that laissez-faire leadership has a greater negative impact on employees' perceptions of leadership effectiveness than do the positive contributions from positive leadership traits.

Question 22

Psychological empowerment reflects employees' belief that they have control over their work.

Question 23

A situation with poor leader-member relations, low task structure, and weak position power would be considered to be a low-control situation.

Question 24

Fiedler's contingency model and expectancy theory are two situational theories of leadership.

Question 25

According to Fiedler, a leader's style doesn't change; therefore, if there is a mismatch between a situation and the leader who is in place, it is best to move that leader to another position.

Question 26

Initiating structure and transformational leadership are both task-oriented leader behaviors.

Question 27

One of the characteristics of a servant leader is a complete delegation of authority to subordinates.

Question 28

Effective leader behaviors can be identified, but cannot be developed after childhood and adolescence.

Question 29

The best style of leadership has been demonstrated by research to be a high-initiating structure, high consideration style.

Question 30

Servant leadership is the same thing as laissez-faire leadership.

Question 31

Leaders increase psychological empowerment by enhancing employees' perceptions of meaningfulness, self-determination, motivation, and fairness.

Question 32

Leader-member relations reflect the extent to which the leader has formal power over his or her subordinates.

Question 33

In Fiedler's model, both high-control and low-control situations call for relationship-motivated leadership.

Question 34

The two leadership styles in Fiedler's model are transactional and transformational.

Question 35

Situational theories of leadership propose that the effectiveness of a particular leader style depends on the situation.

Question 36

In initiating structure, a leader focuses on clarifying employees' role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance.

Question 37

A leadership prototype is a mental representation of the traits and behaviors that people believe are possessed by leaders.

Question 38

Empowering leadership focuses on increased service to others rather than to oneself.

Question 39

Leader behavior is more important than leader traits when it comes to effectiveness.

Question 40

Research indicates that leadership prototypes have recently been changing to emphasize more feminine traits and styles that emphasize empowerment, fairness, compassion, and supportiveness.

Question 41

One of the employee characteristics in House's path-goal model is locus of control.

Question 42

Transformational leaders tend to have personalities that are more extraverted, agreeable, and proactive than nontransformational leaders.

Question 43

In House's path-goal model, the only leader behaviors are task-motivated and relationship-motivated.

Question 44

Of the types of followers, rebels distance themselves from the leadership and show less compliance than others.

Question 45

The best leaders are not just transformational; they rely on other task-oriented and relationship-oriented behaviors.

Question 46

"Let me give you tangible support to help you reach your goals" is individualized consideration.

Question 47

House's path-goal theory focuses on the match between employee characteristics, environmental factors, and leader behaviors.

Question 48

The quality of an LMX is influenced by the quality of the followers, not of the leader himself or herself.

Question 49

According to House's path-goal theory, when the task structure is high, employees work on routine and simple tasks; for this type of situation, supportive leadership is most useful.

Question 50

Which of the following statements about leadership effectiveness is false?

A) You do not need to have a formal position of authority to be a leader
B) Researchers have estimated that 50 percent of all managers around the world are incompetent or ineffective
C) Leadership effectiveness is partly a function of situational factors
D) Demographic characteristics such as gender have no effect on leadership traits
E) Individual difference significantly impact leadership effectiveness

Question 51

House's path-goal theory focuses primarily on a leader's charisma.

Question 52

Leader-member exchange theory focuses on the quality of the behaviors and traits of leaders.

Question 53

Organizational cultures that are adaptive and flexible are more likely to create environments that foster the opportunity for transformational leadership to be exhibited.

Question 54

Low-quality leader-member exchanges are not good for individuals or groups.

Question 55

Transactional leaders transform followers to pursue organizational goals over self-interests.

Question 56

Idealized influence by a leader entails behaviors associated with giving support, encouragement, empowerment, and coaching to employees.

Question 57

According to House's path-goal theory, employees with an internal locus of control are likely to prefer participative or achievement-oriented leadership.

Question 58

Inspirational motivation on the part of a leader leads to increased self-efficacy by individuals and groups.

Question 59

Although research and practitioners support the logic of situational leadership, the practical application of such theories has not been clearly developed.

Question 60

Transformational leadership cannot be learned.

Question 61

The use of manipulation, a cynical view of human nature, and a moral code that puts results over principles is known as:

A) Machiavellianism
B) Narcissism
C) Psychopathy
D) Ethnocentrism
E) Laissez-faire syndrome

Question 62

_________ involves leader behavior associated with creating mutual respect or trust and focuses on a concern for group members' needs and desires.

A) Empowerment
B) Transformational leadership
C) Servant leadership
D) Consideration
E) Laissez-faire leadership

Question 63

Leader behavior that organizes and defines what group members should be doing to maximize output is called:

A) Transactional leadership
B) Transformational leadership
C) Consideration
D) Empowerment
E) Initiating structure

Question 64

________ theory is based on the idea that people have beliefs about how leaders should behave and what they should do for their followers.

A) Transformational leadership
B) Transactional leadership
C) Implicit leadership
D) Explicit leadership
E) Servant leadership

Question 65

As individuals move up in the organization, they increasingly need:

A) Cognitive abilities
B) Interpersonal skills
C) Only business skills
D) Only strategic skills
E) Both business and strategic skills

Question 66

___________ focuses on clarifying employees' role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance.

A) Transactional leadership
B) Transformational leadership
C) Consideration
D) Empowerment
E) Initiating structure

Question 67

A person who has a self-centered perspective, feelings of superiority, and a drive for personal power and glory is known as:

A) Machiavellianism
B) Narcissistic
C) Having psychopathy
D) Ethnocentric
E) Having the laissez-faire syndrome

Question 68

Which of the following interpersonal traits has research shown to have a negative relationship with leadership effectiveness?

A) Communication skills
B) Openness to experience
C) Emotional intelligence
D) Narcissism
E) Emotional stability

Question 69

Transactional leadership encompasses all but one of the following. Which one?

A) Goal setting
B) Social interaction
C) Monitoring progress toward goal achievement
D) Giving feedback
E) Administering discipline

Question 70

In empowering employees, to lead for meaningfulness, managers need to:

A) Inspire subordinates
B) Delegate important tasks
C) Support and coach employees
D) Monitor and reward employees
E) Provide training and mentoring

Question 71

Leaders increase psychological empowerment by engaging in behaviors that enhance perceptions of:

A) Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
B) Meaningfulness, self-determination, competence, and impact
C) Hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism
D) Pride, joy, and achievement
E) Leader-member relations, task structure, and leader position power

Question 72

The __________ approach attempts to identify the unique ways of acting displayed by effective leaders.

A) Trait
B) Behavior styles
C) Leader prototypes
D) Situational
E) Transformational leadership

Question 73

A mental representation of the traits and behaviors that people believe are possessed by leaders is known as an:

A) Cognitive map
B) Leadership prototype
C) Path-goal schema
D) Situational construct
E) Follower construct

Question 74

The primary purpose of ________ behaviors is to ensure that people, equipment, and other resources are used in an efficient way to accomplish the mission of a group or organization.

A) Empowerment
B) Task-oriented
C) Relationship-oriented
D) Passive
E) Transformational

Question 75

A lack of concern for others, impulsive behavior, and a lack of remorse or guilt when one's actions harm others is known as:

A) Machiavellianism
B) Narcissism
C) Psychopathy
D) Ethnocentrism
E) Laissez-faire syndrome

Question 76

Which of the following statements about assessing leadership effectiveness is true?

A) Leadership effectiveness is simply gaining commitment with our influence attempts
B) Leadership can be assessed at the level of the individual leader, but not at group or organizational levels
C) Assessing leadership effectiveness is independent of whom is doing the assessment
D) The criteria for assessing leadership effectiveness are always clear
E) Evaluation of leadership effectiveness depends on what the evaluator wants

Question 77

Jim is the daytime supervisor for an automobile assembly line. He supervises 45 workers who perform routine jobs that require minimal training. Which of the following statements would indicate that Jim is following the transactional model of leadership?

A) Jim has a certain idea about how he should behave as a leader and what he should do for his team of workers.
B) Jim sets goals, monitors progress toward goal achievement, and rewards and punishes people for their level of goal accomplishment.
C) Jim's leadership skills are most effective when applied to match the characteristics of the situation at hand.
D) Jim wants to develop a partnership with his team illustrated by reciprocal influence, mutual trust, respect and liking, and a sense of common fates.
E) Jim likes to provide the guidance and support needed by employees and ties meaningful rewards to completion of objectives.

Question 78

According to research, which of the following statements about men's and women's leadership traits is true?

A) Men display more social leadership than women
B) Women display more task leadership than men
C) Men are more assertive than women
D) Men are more autocratic than women
E) Women are more autocratic than men

Question 79

Which of the following is not a general category of leader behaviors?

A) Transactional
B) Task-oriented
C) Relationship-oriented
D) Passive
E) Transformational

Question 80

To derive effective solutions in short time spans with limited information, leaders primarily need:

A) Cognitive abilities
B) Emotional intelligence
C) Interpersonal skills
D) Strategic skills
E) Business skills