Deck 3: Managing Ethics and Diversity

Question 1

An ethical dilemma does not arise when a person has to choose between two different courses of action, knowing that whichever course he/she chooses will harm one person or group even while it may benefit another.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: Ethical dilemma is the quandary that people find themselves in when they have to decide if they should act in a way that might help another person or group and is the right thing to do, even though doing so might go against their own self-interest. A dilemma may also arise when a person has to choose between two different courses of action, knowing that whichever course he/she selects will harm one person or group even while it may benefit another.

Question 2

The inner guiding moral principles, values, and beliefs that people use to analyze or interpret a situation and then decide what is the right or appropriate way to behave are ________.

A) ethics
B) scruples
C) laws
D) norms

Answer 2

A
Explanation: Ethics are the inner guiding moral principles, values, and beliefs that people use to analyze or interpret a situation and then decide what is the right or appropriate way to behave. Ethics also indicate what is inappropriate behavior and how a person should behave to avoid harming another person.

Question 3

An ethical dilemma is a situation in which a person has to decide if he/she should act in a way that ________.

A) fosters his/her own self-interest to favor another's self-interest
B) is the right thing to do, even though doing so might go against his/her own self-interest
C) does not go against anyone's self-interest
D) may help another person and favor his/her own self-interest

Answer 3

B
Explanation: An ethical dilemma is the quandary that people find themselves in when they have to decide if they should act in a way that might help another person or group, and is the right thing to do, even though doing so might go against their own self-interest.

Question 4

An important factor that managers need to keep in mind is that employees who go along with unwanted sexual attention in the workplace cannot be considered sexual harassment victims.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of ethics and law?

A) Both ethics and law are fixed principles.
B) Ethics are always fixed, but law is always flexible.
C) Ethics are always flexible, but law is always fixed.
D) Neither ethics nor laws are fixed principles.

Question 6

Managers can promote the effective management of diversity through the performance of interpersonal and decisional roles, but not through informational roles.

Question 7

According to the federal Glass Ceiling Commission Report, African Americans have the hardest time being promoted.

Question 8

The "practical rule" ensures that managers are taking into account the interests of all stakeholders.

Question 9

From a moral rights perspective, managers should compare alternative courses of action on the basis of how each will affect the rights of each stakeholder group.

Question 10

Customers are stakeholders of an organization, but managers are not.

Question 11

"An ethical decision is one that a typical person in a society would think is acceptable" is a statement that reflects the justice rule.

Question 12

It was ethical and legal to acquire and possess slaves in ancient Rome and Greece. Today, however, slavery is considered both unethical and illegal. This implies that ________.

A) ethics and laws can be fixed or flexible principles depending on the situation
B) ethics are always fixed but law is always flexible
C) neither laws nor ethics are fixed principles
D) ethics are always flexible but law is always fixed

Question 13

A slight bias toward a particular group can lead to very large differences between groups over time.

Question 14

Under the utilitarian rule, an ethical decision is one that best maintains and protects the fundamental rights and privileges of the people affected by it.

Question 15

The term "diversity" refers to differences in gender and age, but not to those in sexual orientation.

Question 16

The ADA does not cover employees with AIDS from being discriminated against in the workplace.

Question 17

"Thoughts and feelings that tell a person what is right or wrong" accurately defines ________.

A) moral scruples
B) ethical dilemmas
C) laws
D) norms

Question 18

An organization's code of ethics is shaped by the ethics of the top managers of the organization.

Question 19

The increasing racial and ethnic diversity of the workforce and the population as a whole underscores the importance of effectively managing diversity.

Question 20

A society's ethics are derived exclusively from the written values and norms of society that address how people should interact with one another.

Question 21

Which of the following can be defined as the esteem or standing that individuals or organizations gain when they behave ethically?

A) Trust
B) Reputation
C) Ethics
D) Moral scruples

Question 22

Which rule for ethical decision making seeks to produce the greatest good for the greatest number of people?

A) Justice
B) Utilitarian
C) Moral rights
D) Practical

Question 23

The people and groups that supply a company with its productive resources, and thus have a claim on and a stake in the company, are known as ________.

A) consultants
B) suppliers and distributors
C) stockholders
D) stakeholders

Question 24

According to which of the following rules is an ethical decision one that best maintains people's fundamental privileges?

A) Justice
B) Moral rights
C) Utilitarian
D) Practical

Question 25

Important issues concerning product quality and safety specifications are governed by the contracts a company signs with its ________.

A) customers
B) managers
C) employees
D) suppliers and distributors

Question 26

When making an ethical decision, asking the questions "Would my family members and friends approve of this decision, and am I willing to see the decision communicated to all people and groups affected?" is part of the ________ rule.

A) justice
B) moral rights
C) utilitarian
D) practical

Question 27

A person's confidence and faith in another person's goodwill is called ________.

A) trust
B) esteem
C) ethics
D) moral scruple

Question 28

The utilitarian rule states that an ethical decision ________.

A) best protects the rights of people affected
B) produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people
C) distributes benefits and harms in a fair way
D) is one that can be communicated with no reluctance

Question 29

To help managers and employees make ethical decisions and behave in ways that benefit their stakeholders, they can use four ethical rules or principles to analyze the effects of their business decisions on stakeholders, the ________ rules.

A) utilitarian, moral choice, justice, and practical
B) utilitarian, moral rights, justice, and existentialist
C) fairness, moral choice, justice, and practical
D) utilitarian, moral rights, justice, and practical

Question 30

Stockholders are interested in the way that a company operates because they ________.

A) use the company's products
B) believe in being ethical
C) want to maximize the return on their investment
D) want to take all risks

Question 31

The stakeholder group with the most responsibility for deciding the goals of the organization are the ________.

A) stockholders
B) customers
C) managers
D) working-level employees

Question 32

Why is it so important that managers, and people in general, should act ethically and temper their pursuit of self-interest by considering the effects of their actions on others?

A) Because giving excessive importance to oneself with no consideration of societal interests leads to disaster for each individual and for the whole society because scarce resources are destroyed
B) Because ethical issues are seldom clear-cut, since the rights, self-interests, goals, and incentives of different stakeholders often conflict
C) Because a manager has no reluctance about communicating an ethical decision to people outside the company since the typical person in a society would think it is acceptable
D) Because if all companies make the right choices, all stakeholders will benefit in the long run

Question 33

Employees who are similar in their level of skill, performance, or responsibility should receive similar pay; allocation of outcomes should not be based on differences such as gender, race, or religion. This is an example of which rule of ethical decision making?

A) Justice rule
B) Moral rights rule
C) Utilitarian rule
D) Practical rule

Question 34

One managerial implication of the justice model is that managers should base their decisions on ________.

A) whatever stockholders want because they own the company
B) what provides the maximum benefit to most stakeholders
C) whatever promotes a fair distribution of outcomes to stakeholders
D) a consensus of international opinion

Question 35

The practical rule states that an ethical decision ________.

A) best protects the rights of people affected
B) produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people
C) distributes benefits and harms in a fair way
D) is one that can be communicated with no reluctance

Question 36

Aztec Entertainment Company is experiencing a drop in profits during an economic downturn and decides to cut costs to benefit stockholders. Which stakeholder group is probably most adversely affected?

A) Board of directors
B) Customers
C) Managers
D) Employees

Question 37

When a manager has no hesitation about communicating to people outside the company regarding a decision made because the typical person in a society would think it is acceptable, this logic is explained by the ________ rule.

A) justice
B) moral rights
C) utilitarian
D) practical

Question 38

The most critical stakeholder group is often the ________.

A) stockholders
B) managers
C) employees
D) customers

Question 39

The adage "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" is a(n) ________ principle.

A) justice
B) utilitarian
C) moral rights
D) existentialism

Question 40

According to which of the following rules is an ethical decision one that distributes rewards and harms in a fair way?

A) Justice rule
B) Moral rights rule
C) Utilitarian rule
D) Practical rule

Question 41

Formal standards and rules, based on beliefs about right or wrong, that managers can use to help themselves make appropriate decisions with regard to the interests of their stakeholders are ________.

A) honor codes
B) codes of ethics
C) moral codes
D) existentialist guidelines

Question 42

Which of the following is a likely result of loss of trust?

A) Withholding information becomes the norm to keep the stakeholders' interests safe.
B) Increases in efficiency and effectiveness of production and trade
C) Stakeholders contribute to a higher standard of living and well-being.
D) Increase in company performance

Question 43

Which of the following emanate from laws, customs, and practices, and from unwritten attitudes, values, and norms that influence how people interact with each other?

A) Professional ethics
B) Chain ethics
C) Business ethics
D) Societal ethics

Question 44

The actions of top managers such as CEOs are scrutinized so closely for ethical lapses because ________.

A) business schools teach CEOs how to act unethically
B) union rules protect workers from ethics-related charges
C) their actions represent the values of their organizations
D) their high salaries let them afford the potentially hefty fines

Question 45

Which of the following Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) laws prohibits discrimination in employment decisions on the basis of race, religion, sex, color, or national origin and covers a wide range of employment decisions, including hiring, firing, pay, promotion, and working conditions?

A) Age Discrimination in Employment Act
B) Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act
C) Equal Pay Act
D) Americans with Disabilities Act

Question 46

Family, friends, personality, and experience are sources of ________ ethics.

A) societal
B) occupational
C) individual
D) organizational

Question 47

Which of the following is a reason why diversity is such a pressing concern and an issue both in the popular press and for managers and organizations?

A) Diverse individuals are hired despite not having valid permits to work.
B) Diverse people must receive equal opportunities and be treated fairly and justly.
C) Recruitment of diverse people is a major human resources expense for companies.
D) Diverse individuals get preferential treatment in the workplace.

Question 48

Which of the following includes paternity leaves?

A) Equal Pay Act
B) Age Discrimination in Employment Act
C) Pregnancy Discrimination Act
D) Family and Medical Leave Act

Question 49

Standards that govern how members of a particular community deal with each other in matters involving issues such as fairness, justice, poverty, and the rights of the individual are ________ ethics.

A) fundamental
B) professional
C) individual
D) societal

Question 50

An example of how societal ethics vary among societies might be how they view ________.

A) murdering a boss
B) bombing a competitor's factory
C) missing a meeting
D) bribing a public official

Question 51

Because the stakeholders' ability to earn a living and obtain resources in the long run depends on how they behave, they must protect their valuable ________.

A) reputation
B) moral scruples
C) trust
D) effectiveness

Question 52

People in a particular country may automatically behave ethically because they have internalized values and norms that specify how they should behave in certain situations. This is an example of which code of ethics?

A) Professional ethics
B) Individual ethics
C) Societal ethics
D) Organizational ethics

Question 53

Which of the following employment opportunity laws prohibits discrimination and allows for the awarding of punitive and compensatory damages, in addition to back pay, in cases of intentional discrimination?

A) Equal Pay Act
B) Age Discrimination in Employment Act
C) Pregnancy Discrimination Act
D) Civil Rights Act

Question 54

Dissimilarities among people due to age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, socioeconomic background, education, experience, physical appearance, capabilities/disabilities, and any other characteristic that is used to distinguish between people defines ________.

A) flexibility
B) solidarity
C) universality
D) diversity

Question 55

Which of the following refers to the invisible barriers that prevent minorities and women from being promoted to top corporate positions?

A) Gender limit
B) Flight ceiling
C) Glass cliff
D) Glass ceiling

Question 56

Which of the following emanate from a particular community's unwritten attitudes, values, and norms that influence how people interact with each other?

A) Societal ethics
B) Professional ethics
C) Individual ethics
D) Organizational ethics

Question 57

Standards that govern how members of an organization, managers or workers, make decisions when the way in which they should behave is not clear-cut are ________ ethics.

A) professional
B) individual
C) societal
D) organizational

Question 58

What is the extent of the ethics ombudsman's authority in monitoring ethical practices and procedures?

A) Within the branch office
B) Within operations departments
C) Within the administrative circle
D) Within the entire organization

Question 59

Communicating ethical standards to all employees, for designing systems to monitor employees' conformity to those standards, and for teaching managers and nonmanagerial employees at all levels of the organization how to respond to ethical dilemmas appropriately, is the responsibility of the ________.

A) comptroller
B) regulatory agency
C) whistleblower
D) ethics ombudsman

Question 60

Which of the following result due to differences in personalities, values, and attitudes?

A) Societal ethics
B) Occupational ethics
C) Individual ethics
D) Organizational ethics

Question 61

Which of the following managerial roles supports diversity initiatives in the wider community and speaks to diverse groups to interest them in career opportunities?

A) Figurehead
B) Leader
C) Spokesperson
D) Liaison

Question 62

A top manager giving a speech to employees about the importance of diversity is acting as a(n) ________.

A) figurehead
B) leader
C) liaison
D) entrepreneur

Question 63

A manager who is effectively managing diversity in the disseminator role would ________.

A) develop new ways to manage diversity
B) take quick actions to manage conflict arising from diversity
C) evaluate how fairly employees are being treated
D) communicate to employees about diversity policies

Question 64

Betty works in a software firm as a programming officer. During her appraisal, Ben, the floor manager, asks sexual favors from Betty in return for her promotion and pay raise. Which form of sexual harassment has occurred?

A) Hostile work environment
B) Accommodative approach
C) Quid pro quo
D) Whistleblower approach

Question 65

When managers are faced with a work environment that they find personally offensive because of their gender, which of the following has occurred?

A) A Sarbanes-Oxley violation
B) A crack in the glass ceiling
C) Quid pro quo harassment
D) A hostile work environment

Question 66

Which of the following reflects an effective management of diversity that could help improve profitability?

A) Retaining only low-paid employees
B) Hiring more Asian women
C) Retaining valued employees
D) Giving preference to Hispanics

Question 67

The combination of social class and income-related factors is referred to as ________ background.

A) sociocultural
B) family health
C) demographic
D) socioeconomic

Question 68

Taking quick action to correct inequalities and curtailing discriminatory behavior would be the duty of a manager in a ________ role.

A) leader
B) disturbance handler
C) negotiator
D) liaison

Question 69

Kenneth, the human resources manager at Dimensions Co., commits 20 percent of this year's budget to develop a new program for bringing minority interns into the company. Which of the following roles is Kenneth performing?

A) Resource allocator
B) Entrepreneur
C) Monitor
D) Figurehead

Question 70

Which of the following protects employees with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) from being discriminated against in the workplace?

A) Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
B) Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993
C) Civil Rights Act of 1991
D) Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

Question 71

Which of the following is true about capabilities/disabilities?

A) A large number of employees abuse the ADA by seeking unnecessary accommodations for disabilities that do not exist.
B) The ADA requires that employers make any possible accommodations to enable people with disabilities to effectively perform their jobs.
C) Accommodations enabling students who may not be able to see to perform up to their capabilities are partially covered under the ADA.
D) The passage of the ADA does not appear to have increased employment rates significantly for those with disabilities.

Question 72

When a manager asks a subordinate for sexual favors in return for a promotion, what type of sexual harassment has occurred?

A) Hostile work environment
B) Quid pro quo
C) Accommodative approach
D) Whistleblower approach

Question 73

The U.S. Census treats ethnicity in terms of whether a person ________.

A) speaks a foreign language
B) is Chinese, Korean, or Japanese
C) has a skin color other than white
D) is Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish origin or not

Question 74

Which of the following is true of women and minorities when they start work in an organization staffed mostly by white men?

A) They have advantages due to special preferences.
B) They are likely to quit or be fired within a month.
C) They are at a slight disadvantage.
D) They quickly take over most leadership roles.

Question 75

Which of the following is an example of how managers should show flexibility in dealing with employees' religious beliefs?

A) Give employees special bonuses during religious festivals.
B) Allow employees to hold religious services in the office.
C) Conduct mandatory company-wide prayer breakfasts.
D) Allow employees to have time off for religious observances.

Question 76

"A grouping of people based on some shared characteristic such as national origin, language, or culture" refers to ________.

A) diversity
B) minority
C) ethnicity
D) disability

Question 77

Managers who are sensitive and responsive to the needs and concerns of workers who may be less fortunate in terms of income and financial resources are showing an awareness of ________.

A) sociopolitical commitment
B) class solidarity
C) socioeconomic diversity
D) financial discrimination

Question 78

Terry is an HR manager who works with his suppliers and labor unions to support and encourage the effective management of diversity. What role is Terry performing?

A) Leader
B) Disturbance handler
C) Negotiator
D) Liaison

Question 79

Dorothy, who runs her own small business, treats all her employees, customers, and suppliers fairly, regardless of their age, gender, or ethnicity. Which of the following roles is Dorothy performing?

A) Decision-maker
B) Liaison
C) Leader
D) Figurehead

Question 80

A manager who is effectively managing diversity in the liaison role would ________.

A) convey that the effective management of diversity is a valued goal and objective
B) serve as a role model for treating others fairly
C) enable diverse individuals to coordinate their efforts and cooperate with one another
D) support diversity initiatives in the wider community