Deck 11: Physical Development in Middle in Late Childhood

Question 1

Recent studies have shown that most American children and adolescents are

A)exercising too much.
B)not exercising enough.
C)exercising just the right amount.
D)exercise only when their parents make them.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Dora is a six-year-old girl.Which of the following motor skills is she expected to develop?

A)Throwing a ball 25 feet
B)Using common tools,such as a hammer
C)Cutting and pasting
D)Judging and intercepting pathways of small balls thrown from a distance

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Increased myelination of the nervous system is reflected in the improvement of _____ during middle and late childhood.

A)gross motor skills
B)immunity
C)height
D)fine motor skills

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Laura,a music instructor,teaches a variety of musical instruments in her school.However,she offers musical lessons only to students who are old enough to learn complicated pieces fairly quickly.Which of the following is MOST likely to be the youngest accepted age for children who are interested to learn in Laura's school?

A)five years
B)eight years
C)ten years
D)six years

Question 5

According to nutritionists,breakfast should make up about _____ of the day's calories.

A)one-fourth
B)half
C)one-sixth
D)one-eighth

Question 6

The more children watch television,the more they are likely to

A)be depressed.
B)be overweight.
C)become active.
D)fail academically.

Question 7

Advances in the prefrontal cortex are linked to which of the following in children?

A)Increase in the length of limbs
B)Increase in body mass
C)Improved attention
D)Improved muscle growth

Question 8

Robert can use his hands independently,and with ease and precision.His grip strength has also increased.How old is he likely to be,given the development of his motor skills?

A)Eight
B)Six
C)Five
D)Four

Question 9

Which of the following statements is TRUE about motor development during middle and late childhood?

A)Girls usually outperform boys in gross motor skills.
B)Elementary school children become more fatigued by running than by long periods of sitting.
C)Girls usually outperform boys in fine motor skills.
D)Development during middle and late childhood does not involve fine motor development.

Question 10

A less noticeable physical change in middle and late childhood is that

A)head circumference increases in relation to body height.
B)bones continue to ossify.
C)leg length increases in relation to body height.
D)hair continues to grow in length.

Question 11

In a recent study,better cognitive inhibitory control was linked to

A)high intensity exercise for five days a week.
B)low intensity exercise for three days a week.
C)moderately intensive aerobic exercise.
D)high intensity aerobic exercise.

Question 12

Which of the following suggests that Fred is at least ten years old?

A)He manipulates his parents to get what he wants.
B)He has started to make simple figures in clay.
C)He has recently learned to balance on one foot without looking.
D)Recently,he has learned how to skip.

Question 13

From 1 to 3 years of age,infants and toddlers should typically consume about _____ calories per day.

A)300
B)550
C)2,400
D)1,300

Question 14

One shift in activation that occurs as children develop is from diffuse,larger areas to more focal,smaller areas.This shift is characterized by synaptic _____,in which,areas of the brain not being used lose synaptic connections and those being used show an increase in connections.

A)spurt
B)shift
C)lapse
D)pruning

Question 15

Boys are usually stronger than girls because of their greater number of

A)muscle cells.
B)neurons.
C)hepatocytes.
D)stem cells.

Question 16

The increase in myelination during middle and late childhood is linked to

A)a more effective processing of information on cognitive tasks.
B)the increase in the volume of blood platelets.
C)the incidence of aphasia.
D)the increase in height and the loss of baby fat in middle and late childhood.

Question 17

A child between 7 and 10 years of age should consume about _____ calories each day.

A)1,300
B)1,200
C)2,400
D)1,100

Question 18

With the increased availability of fast-food restaurants and media inducements,many children fill up on food that has "empty calories" that do not promote effective growth.Empty-calorie foods have a high content of

A)mineral.
B)fibre.
C)vitamin.
D)starch.

Question 19

During the middle and late childhood years,children gain about five to seven pounds a year.The weight increase is due mainly to increases in the

A)total volume of baby fat.
B)waist circumference.
C)size of the skeletal and muscular systems.
D)head circumference.

Question 20

Which of the following activities is most fatiguing to elementary school children over longer periods of time?

A)bicycling
B)running
C)sitting
D)jumping

Question 21

How can parents provide positive models of exercise for children?

A)By encouraging children to play video games
B)By exercising with the children regularly
C)By encouraging children to watch baseball on television
D)By buying the children an annual subscription of The Skateboard Mag

Question 22

Obese Chinese children are at a greater risk for ______ than children who were not overweight.

A)high blood pressure
B)asthma
C)cancer
D)cerebral palsy

Question 23

All of the following are ways that parents can help reduce obesity in children EXCEPT:

A)Increasing the number of family meals eaten together
B)Increasing the availability of sugar-sweetened beverages and sodas
C)Reducing children's screen time
D)Getting children involved in sports

Question 24

Children who are at or above the _____ percentile of body mass index (BMI)are included in the overweight category.

A)65th
B)75th
C)55th
D)95th

Question 25

Which football-related sports injury has many individuals concerned?

A)Broken arm
B)Concussion
C)Fractured leg
D)Broken jaw

Question 26

Which of the following nine-year-old children are likely to be overweight?

A)Anne,who has myopic vision
B)Jenna,whose mother is obese
C)Bob,who suffers from osteoporosis
D)Robert,whose diet consists of cereals,salads,and lean meat

Question 27

According to your text,which gender benefits the MOST from participating in sports?

A)Boys
B)Girls
C)Neither
D)Both

Question 28

Which of the following children are at the risk of being overweight?

A)Sara,whose diet contains coleslaw salads,cereals,fruits,and green vegetables
B)Anna,whose diet is rich in proteins and fibres
C)Kay,whose diet consists of adequate proportions of vitamins and minerals
D)Lara,whose diet consists of saturated fats and food rich in sugar

Question 29

Which of the following is a negative consequence of participation in sports?

A)Vigorous exercise
B)Aerobic training
C)Concentration in academic achievement
D)Pressure to achieve

Question 30

Social and psychological consequences of being overweight in childhood includes

A)narcissistic personality disorder.
B)display of obsessive-compulsive behavior.
C)propensity toward kleptomania.
D)low self-esteem.

Question 31

Which of the following should be discouraged in children who participate in sports?

A)Allowing children to ask questions about the sport
B)Making sports fun
C)Allowing children to make mistakes
D)Comparing the child to more talented children

Question 32

Which of the following should be encouraged in children who participate in sports?

A)Yelling at the child
B)Pointing out the child's errors in front of others
C)Allowing children to make mistakes
D)Comparing the child to more talented children

Question 33

According to recent research,obesity among Chinese children has _____ significantly from 1993-2009.

A)increased
B)decreased
C)stayed the same
D)increased for Chinese boys,but not Chinese girls

Question 34

Which of the following is an advantage of aerobic exercise in children?

A)Improved audio-visual skills in children
B)Prevention of type 1 diabetes in the future
C)Improved relationship with the caregiver
D)Increased goal-directed thinking and behavior

Question 35

Kelly is 17 and is participating in sports.She is MOST likely to suffer an injury to her

A)arms.
B)shoulders.
C)head.
D)spine.

Question 36

According to research,which of the following is NOT linked to aerobic exercise in children?

A)Improved attention
B)Improved memory
C)Improved creativity
D)Improved technological skills

Question 37

Which of the following is FALSE concerning parenting and overweight children?

A)Parents play an important role in preventing children from becoming overweight.
B)Children who eat meals with their family tend to be overweight.
C)Parents who restrict sugar-sweetened beverages are helping children monitor their weight.
D)Parents who restrict screen time are helping children monitor their weight.

Question 38

Overweight children are at the risk of which of the following diseases?

A)Diabetes
B)Myopia
C)Pleurisy
D)Marasmus

Question 39

Shelby consumes large amounts of soda and spends most of her free time on her computer.We can expect that Shelby will

A)have issues with her weight.
B)have an easy time making friends.
C)have high self-esteem.
D)be healthier than most of her peers.

Question 40

Josh is 11 years old and is participating in sports.He is MOST likely to suffer an injury to his

A)hip.
B)spine.
C)arm.
D)chest.

Question 41

Laura has just been diagnosed with a learning disability.She has difficulty writing legibly and makes numerous spelling errors.Laura is most likely suffering from

A)dyslexia.
B)dyscalculia.
C)acrophobia.
D)migraine.

Question 42

Which of the following statements is TRUE about cancer in children?

A)The incidence of cancer in children has reduced dramatically in recent years.
B)When cancer strikes children,it behaves differently from the way it attacks adults.
C)Children frequently have a less advanced stage of cancer when they are first diagnosed.
D)Most cancers in children result from lifestyle factors.

Question 43

Kiera's asthma attacks have increase substiantially after she moved with her family to a big city.What is the most probable explanation for the worsening of Kiera's asthma?

A)High temperatures in the summer
B)Low humidity
C)Lack of exercise
D)High degree of pollution

Question 44

_____ are the most effective anti-inflammatory drugs for treating asthmatic children.

A)Corticosteroids
B)Benzodiazepines
C)Opioids
D)Amphetamines

Question 45

Dr.Jones,an expert pediatrician,is most likely to prescribe which of the following treatments to overweight children?

A)Prolonged fasting
B)Encouragement to pursue more sedentary activities
C)A combination of diet,exercise,and behavior modification
D)Encouragement to include foods rich in sugar in the daily diet

Question 46

_____ is a cancer in which bone marrow manufactures an abundance of abnormal white blood cells,which crowd out normal cells,making the child susceptible to bruising and infection.

A)Lymphoma
B)Pheochromocytoma
C)Leukemia
D)Osteosarcoma

Question 47

Which of the following is the leading cause of death during middle and late childhood?

A)Asthma
B)Cancer
C)Diabetes
D)Injuries

Question 48

Which of the following children is suffering from a learning disability?

A)Eight-year-old Ramon,who says reading is really hard for him,and often the words don't make much sense
B)Six-year-old Sasha,who stutters while speaking
C)Ten-year-old Jim,who is hyperactive and has problems concentrating on anything for long
D)Eleven-year-old Tom,who has low vision and reads with the help of corrective lens

Question 49

_____ is the most common chronic disease in U.S.children,being present in approximately 9 percent of them.

A)Colitis
B)Asthma
C)Cancer
D)Pneumonia

Question 50

Which of the following hormones regulates the body's blood sugar level and the lack of which causes type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

A)Insulin
B)Adrenaline
C)Cholecystokinin
D)Oxytocin

Question 51

_____ is a chronic lung disease that involves episodes of airflow obstruction.

A)Colitis
B)Scurvy
C)Asthma
D)Migraine

Question 52

Bill has just been diagnosed with a learning disability.He faces difficulty with math computations.Bill is suffering from

A)dyslexia.
B)dyscalculia.
C)hyperplobia.
D)dysgraphia.

Question 53

_____ involves difficulty in handwriting.

A)Aphasia
B)Hypermetropia
C)Insomnia
D)Dysgraphia

Question 54

_____ is the second leading cause of death (behind only injuries)among children in the United States aged 5 to 14.

A)Asthma
B)Obesity
C)Cancer
D)Heart failure

Question 55

_____ is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system destroys insulin-producing cells.

A)Migraine
B)Hypertension
C)Type 1 diabetes
D)Type 2 diabetes

Question 56

Which of the following increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in elementary-school-aged children?

A)Low vision
B)Dyslexia
C)ADHD
D)Hypertension

Question 57

Intervention programs that target improving the diet of parents have

A)been limited in their success of improving the health of children.
B)been successful in helping the children of the parents lose weight.
C)had low levels of success at reducing weight in overweight children.
D)been successful if the children were already eating healthy themselves.

Question 58

Which of the following is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

A)Being underweight
B)Being obese
C)Being hyperactive
D)Being myopic

Question 59

Cancers in children mainly attack the

A)white blood cells.
B)breast.
C)colon.
D)prostate.

Question 60

Which of the following is a symptom of asthma?

A)Hypertension
B)Wheezing
C)Dyslexia
D)Bruising

Question 61

Jenny has problems in pronouncing sounds correctly.Her speech-therapist is treating her for

A)articulation disorder.
B)stuttering.
C)fluency disorder.
D)voice disorder.

Question 62

Children with a cleft palate often have a(n)_____ that makes their speech difficult to understand.

A)attention deficit disorder
B)learning disorder
C)voice disorder
D)stuttering problem

Question 63

Besides medication,which of the following is effective in reducing the effects of ADHD?

A)Participation in sports
B)Behavior management
C)Invasive surgery
D)Losing calories

Question 64

Stuttering occurs in which of the following cases?

A)When a child's speech has a spasmodic hesitation.
B)When a child's behavior shows impulsivity.
C)When a child suffers from malnourishment.
D)When a child's voice is hoarse,harsh,or too loud.

Question 65

Stuttering is a(n)_____ disorder

A)voice
B)fluency
C)attention
D)sensory

Question 66

School teams are discouraged from diagnosing which of the following disabilities?

A)Dyslexia
B)ADHD
C)Dysgraphia
D)Low vision

Question 67

Dora,a seven-year-old girl,has a speech defect that involves stuttering.She also suffers from hearing problems.Her impairments can be broadly categorized as _____ disorders.

A)genetic
B)conversion
C)communication
D)attention

Question 68

Which of the following indicates the presence of a vision problem in children?

A)If they are impulsive
B)If they squint frequently
C)If they stutter from an early age
D)If they show signs of aphasia

Question 69

Approximately what percentage of adolescents and adults who were diagnosed with ADHD in childhood still continue to experience ADHD symptoms?

A)25 percent
B)45 percent
C)70 percent
D)95 percent

Question 70

Problems with executive function,use of working memory,and effective planning are associated with

A)type 2 diabetes.
B)articulation disorders.
C)speech disorders.
D)ADHD.

Question 71

All of the following are possible causes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder EXCEPT:

A)Exposure to cigarette and alcohol
B)High levels of maternal stress
C)Having two or more siblings
D)Genetic predisposition

Question 72

Which of the following is FALSE regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

A)It is more prevalent in girls than boys.
B)There is concern that it is being overdiagnosed in children.
C)Increases in diagnoses may be linked to increased awareness of the disorder.
D)Diagnoses are often not made by trained professionals.

Question 73

Articulation disorders are _____ disorders

A)learning
B)attention
C)hearing
D)speech

Question 74

A recent study investigating the overdiagnosis of ADHD found that trained professionals overdiagnosed ADHD about _____ of the time.

A)0 percent
B)20 percent
C)40 percent
D)60 percent

Question 75

A ten-year-old child suffering from ADHD is likely to find which of the following tasks difficult?

A)Skipping
B)Writing
C)Breathing regularly
D)Planning effectively

Question 76

Children with _____ have visual acuity of between 20/70 and 20/2000 with corrective lens.

A)low vision
B)cataract
C)night blindness
D)leprosy

Question 77

Critics argue that many physicians

A)are too quick to prescribe stimulants for children with milder forms of ADHD.
B)categorize ADHD as a learning disability.
C)encourage school teams to diagnose ADHD.
D)consider that the symptoms of ADHD does not include hyperactivity and impulsivity.

Question 78

Training in which individuals with ADHD become more aware of their physiological responses so that they can attain better executive control is called

A)neurofeedback.
B)neurorecycling.
C)relaxation.
D)intensive.

Question 79

Visual impairment is a(n)_____ disorder.

A)attention
B)articulation
C)olfactory
D)sensory

Question 80

John,a nine-year-old boy,suffers from severe lack of concentration and impulsivity.The symptoms indicate that John is suffering from

A)cerebral palsy.
B)aphasia.
C)dyslexia.
D)attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).