Deck 7: Proteins

Question 1

Which of the following substances is usually the limiting amino acid in foods,particularly those of plant origin?

A)Alanine
B)Glycine
C)Isoleucine
D)Lysine

Answer 1

D

Question 2

_____ is an essential amino acid.

A)Alanine
B)Lysine
C)Homocysteine
D)Aspartic acid

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following forms of produce is the least expensive per pound?

A)Fresh yellow delicious apples at $3.50 per 2-pound bag.
B)Fresh yellow delicious apples at $5.49 per 2-pound bag
C)Sliced yellow delicious apples at $1.00 per 1-ounce bag
D)Fresh yellow delicious apples at $2.25 per pound bag

Answer 3

A

Question 4

An amino acid does not contain a(an)

A)carbon skeleton.
B)nitrogen-containing group.
C)acid group.
D)fatty acid.

Question 5

Which of the following substances is usually the limiting amino acid in foods,particularly those of plant origin?

A)Arginine
B)Leucine
C)Methionine
D)Phenylalanine

Question 6

A team of food scientists wants to develop a formula diet for newborns that is a nutritionally complete food that replaces human milk.To support normal infant development,the formula must have _____ as an ingredient.

A)aspartic acid
B)taurine
C)glutamic acid
D)tryptophan

Question 7

The body uses proteins to make

A)bile salts.
B)certain hormones.
C)calcium carbonate.
D)magnesium ions.

Question 8

Every amino acid has _____ in its chemical structure.

A)potassium
B)chloride
C)iron
D)nitrogen

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Nutrient labels are not required to include information about the grams of protein in a serving of the food.
B)Most food labels include information about the bioavailability of protein in the product.
C)You can judge a packaged food's protein quality by reviewing the ingredients' list.
D)The Nutrition Facts panel provides information about a product's essential amino acid content.

Question 10

A _____ remains when the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid is removed.

A)fatty acid
B)dipeptide fragment
C)carbon skeleton
D)ribonucleotide

Question 11

Proteins

A)provide 7 kcal/g.
B)have phosphorus in their chemical structures.
C)are stored as glycogen in the body.
D)are comprised of amino acids.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true?

A)All hormones are proteins.
B)Protein is the primary energy source for the human body.
C)Proteins are a major component of starch molecules.
D)Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream.

Question 13

Compared to a triglyceride molecule,a protein molecule

A)has three fatty acids attached to glycerol.
B)provides more energy.
C)is comprised of glucose units.
D)has nitrogen in its chemical structure.

Question 14

_____ is an essential amino acid.

A)Aspartic acid
B)Homocysteine
C)Alanine
D)Methionine

Question 15

A scientist isolates a water-soluble compound from spider venom.The substance has nitrogen,carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen in its chemical structure.Based on this information,the compound is probably a

A)mineral salt.
B)triglyceride.
C)protein.
D)polysaccharide.

Question 16

A team of food scientists wants to develop a formula diet for newborns that is a nutritionally complete food that replaces human milk.To support normal infant development,the formula must have _____ as an ingredient.

A)homocysteine
B)lipase
C)lactose
D)lysine

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The body needs protein to make sodium,calcium,and other mineral elements.
B)The human body normally uses very little protein for energy.
C)Proteins are comprised of smaller chemical units called nucleic acids.
D)Proteins are comprised of phosphorus,oxygen,hydrogen,and carbon.

Question 18

Which of the following amino acids is a dietary essential?

A)Alanine
B)Aspartic acid
C)Phenylalanine
D)Homocysteine

Question 19

Which of the following substances is usually the limiting amino acid in foods,particularly those of plant origin?

A)Leucine
B)Threonine
C)Asparagine
D)Phenylalanine

Question 20

The Nutrition Facts panel on a food label

A)does not provide information about the amount of protein in a serving of the food.
B)typically includes information about the bioavailability of protein in the product.
C)provides information about a product's essential amino acid content.
D)does not include information about the product's protein quality.

Question 21

To tenderize a piece of thin cut of raw meat before cooking it,place the meat in a marinade that contains

A)raw mushrooms.
B)red wine.
C)distilled water.
D)olive oil.

Question 22

_____ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and,as a result,the molecule loses its usual function.

A)Protonation
B)Hydrogenation
C)Filtration
D)Denaturation

Question 23

A team of food scientists wants to develop a formula diet for newborns that is a nutritionally complete food that replaces human milk.To support normal infant development,the formula must have all of the following ingredients,except

A)methionine.
B)homocysteine.
C)tryptophan.
D)phenylalanine.

Question 24

Three-year old Jamie is a healthy,active child.Based on this information,his body is in ____ nitrogen balance.

A)positive
B)activated
C)pediatric
D)inverse

Question 25

Jacob is a healthy,active 14-year-old boy.Recently,he began to experience a growth spurt.Based on this information,his body is in ____ nitrogen balance.

A)inverted
B)positive
C)negative
D)activated

Question 26

Leona is making lemon pudding from "scratch." Her ingredients include fat-free milk,corn starch,lemon juice,egg yolks,salt,sugar,and butter.When she added some of the ingredients together,little clumps formed in the mixture before she could heat it.What happened to those ingredients?

A)The acid in the lemon juice denatured the milk proteins.
B)The corn starch deaminated the lactose in the milk.
C)The cholesterol in the raw egg yolks reacted with the butter.
D)The salt activated the sugar after being mixed with the egg yolks.

Question 27

Two-month-old Deanna is not growing normally.After Deanna underwent numerous tests,her physicians determined that she was born with a condition in which fat deposits form in cells that are not designed to store fat.The fat deposits eventually kill the cells.Her older brother died as a result of the same disorder when he was 8 months of age.Based on this information,Deanna has

A)homocystinuria.
B)hypervitaminosis
C)metabolic syndrome.
D)defective DNA.

Question 28

Bernard has been suffering from a viral infection for over a week.As a result of the illness,he has a fever and has lost his appetite.Based on this information,his body is in ____ nitrogen balance.

A)facilitated
B)negative
C)positive
D)deactivated

Question 29

Roberta is 25 years of age,healthy,and pregnant.Based on this information,her body is in ____ nitrogen balance.

A)positive
B)inverse
C)negative
D)activated

Question 30

Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's

A)golgi apparatus.
B)DNA.
C)ribosomes.
D)plasma membrane.

Question 31

The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a

A)peptide bond.
B)fatty acid chain.
C)partially hydrogenated protein.
D)glycosidic linkage.

Question 32

_____ is an essential amino acid.

A)Threonine
B)Serine
C)Homocysteine
D)Alanine

Question 33

During digestion,which of the following substances denatures the proteins in food?

A)Amylase
B)Stomach acid
C)Mucus
D)Intrinsic factor

Question 34

Rosa is a teenager who has an eating disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation.Based on this information,her body is in ____ nitrogen balance.

A)negative
B)positive
C)denatured
D)activated

Question 35

The _____ is main site of deamination in the body.

A)thyroid
B)spleen
C)gallbladder
D)liver

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Transamination is the process of removing the nitrogen group from an amino acid and transferring it to another substance.
B)The human digestive tract cannot digest the peptide bonds that hold amino acids together.
C)A protein molecule loses its natural folded and coiled shape as well as its usual functions when it undergoes hydrogenation.
D)Application of heat,alcohol,or acid can kill proteins.

Question 37

The deamination process forms

A)trans fat.
B)glycogen.
C)ammonia.
D)urine.

Question 38

A gene is a

A)cellular organelle that helps maintain proper acid-base balance.
B)structure that helps transfer amino acids to ribosomes.
C)type of lipoprotein that transports certain vitamins in the bloodstream.
D)piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

Question 39

May is 89 years of age.Her heart is weak,so she spends most of her time lying in bed or sitting in a chair.Although she takes medication for hypertension,she has been unable to keep her blood pressure in the normal range.Her diet consists mainly of apples,leafy vegetables,gelatin,toast,butter,tea,and chocolate candy.May's lower legs and feet and swollen.Based on this information,the swelling is a sign of a (an)

A)chronic bladder infection.
B)PKU.
C)fiber deficiency.
D)low blood albumin level.

Question 40

The ____ is the primary site for nonessential amino acid production in humans.

A)pancreas
B)liver
C)small intestine
D)pituitary gland

Question 41

Evan is 28 years of age.His height is 6' 2",and he weighs 130 kg.Based on his body weight,his RDA for protein is _____ grams.

A)104.0
B)70.0
C)87.2
D)47.2

Question 42

Marta is 22 years of age and weighs 132 pounds.Based on her body weight,her RDA for protein is _____ grams.

A)48
B)88
C)68
D)108

Question 43

You would like to bake a special birthday cake for a friend who has celiac disease.The original cake recipe is made with eggs,flour,milk,sugar,vanilla,and butter.To make a cake that is safe for your friend to consume,you plan to substitute _____ for the ____ in the recipe.

A)margarine; butter
B)cornmeal; flour
C)aspartame; sugar
D)water; milk

Question 44

Isabella is 24 years of age and weighs 156 pounds.Based on her body weight,her RDA for protein is about _____ grams.

A)125
B)345
C)57
D)47

Question 45

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins?

A)Cholecystokinin
B)Trypsin
C)Amylase
D)Bile

Question 46

You are planning a party for a group of friends.Which of the following foods can you serve to everyone at the party,without having to worry about your friend who has celiac disease?

A)Cheddar cheese on wheat crackers
B)Pizza made with whole-grain flour
C)Corn beef on rye bread
D)Pieces of fresh fruit

Question 47

Bethaney is 20 years of age and weighs 50 kg.Based on her body weight,her RDA for protein is _____ grams.

A)35
B)30
C)40
D)25

Question 48

Which of the following substances is an enzyme that participates in the digestion of proteins?

A)Amylase
B)Pepsin
C)Mucus
D)Lipase

Question 49

Which of the following foods is not usually responsible for causing allergic responses?

A)Peanuts and other nuts
B)Fish and shellfish
C)Carrots and celery
D)Wheat and shellfish

Question 50

Victoria is 92 years of age.Recently,she experienced a viral infection that has made her weak and lose interest in eating.Based on this information,Victoria is in

A)negative nitrogen balance.
B)facilitated re-energizing mode.
C)positive nitrogen equilibrium.
D)anaphylactic shock.

Question 51

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts.While attending a classroom party,Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts,and she rapidly developed _____ as a result.

A)anaphylaxis
B)torticollis
C)fibrosis
D)cirrhosis

Question 52

Sarah is 24 years of age and weighs 178 pounds.Based on her body weight,her RDA for protein is about _____ grams.

A)45
B)75
C)55
D)65

Question 53

Lucy has a disease that affects the functioning of her pancreas.Based on this information,she may have difficulty digesting proteins because of a lack of

A)amylase.
B)lipase.
C)trypsin.
D)pepsin.

Question 54

Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons?

A)Broccoli
B)Blueberries
C)Grapes
D)Peanuts

Question 55

You would like to bake a special pudding for a friend who has celiac disease.The original pudding recipe is made with eggs,flour,milk,sugar,vanilla,and butter.To make pudding that is safe for your friend to consume,you plan to substitute _____ for the ____ in the recipe.

A)corn oil; butter
B)apple juice; milk
C)tapioca; flour
D)honey; sugar

Question 56

In the stomach,_____ participate in the chemical digestion of protein.

A)mucus and cholecystokinin
B)gastric lipase and intrinsic factor
C)pancreatic amylase and intrinsic factor
D)hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Question 57

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid

A)consuming foods that contain gluten.
B)eating foods that contain phenylalanine.
C)taking dietary supplements that contain homocysteine.
D)lying down after meals.

Question 58

When Thompson was 5 years of age,he began to complain that his stomach hurt,especially after eating meals and snacks.He also experienced chronic diarrhea.His parents noticed that he could eat poultry,meat,dairy foods,fruits,and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems,but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches,cookies,crackers,or pancakes.Based on this information,Thompson's parents should have him evaluated for

A)colon cancer.
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)irritable bowel syndrome.
D)celiac disease.

Question 59

You would like to make chicken soup for a friend who has celiac disease.To make the soup according to the recipe,you need to cook chicken,celery,onions,barley,salt,pepper,bay leaf,and carrots in a large amount of water.Based on this information,how can you make the soup safe for your friend to eat?

A)Replace the barley with rice
B)Omit the salt and include a beef bouillon cube
C)Add some wine to denature the chicken protein
D)Avoid adding the bay leaf

Question 60

Luis is 23 years of age and weighs 220 pounds.Based on his body weight,his RDA for protein is ____ grams.

A)140
B)120
C)80
D)100

Question 61

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins?

A)6 whole-wheat crackers
B)1 ounce of baby carrots
C)½ cup of watermelon chunks
D)8 ounce glass of soy milk

Question 62

Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine.Based on this information,Cameron has

A)cystic fibrosis.
B)amino acid toxicity syndrome.
C)PKU.
D)IBD.

Question 63

The typical American eats more protein from _____ than he or she did in the early 1900s.

A)grains
B)fish
C)fruits
D)vegetables

Question 64

In 2009-2010,protein comprised about _____% of the typical American's total energy intake.

A)15
B)5
C)20
D)10

Question 65

The typical American eats more protein from _____ than he or she did in the early 1900s.

A)poultry
B)fruits
C)grains
D)vegetables

Question 66

Which of the following foods are legumes?

A)Mushrooms
B)Potatoes
C)Peanuts
D)Onions

Question 67

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein?

A)Tuna fish
B)Corn oil margarine
C)Leaf lettuce
D)Red grapes

Question 68

Katrina is 20 years of age.She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day.According to AMDR guidelines,what is her range of protein intake?

A)90 to 360 kcal/day
B)450 to 900 kcal/day
C)720 to 1080 kcal/day
D)180 to 630 kcal/day

Question 69

The typical American eats more protein from _____ than he or she did in the early 1900s.

A)grains
B)meat
C)vegetables
D)fruits

Question 70

Which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids?

A)Peanuts
B)Fat-free milk
C)Sesame seeds
D)Peach

Question 71

Which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids?

A)Sunflower seeds
B)Cashew nuts
C)Red cabbage
D)Fat-free milk

Question 72

When combined,which of the following groups of foods forms a complementary protein dish?

A)Iceberg lettuce,carrots,and tomatoes
B)Cranberries,apples,and marshmallows
C)Kidney beans,rice,and sesame seeds
D)Peaches,bananas,and apricots

Question 73

Which of the following label resources can you use to determine whether a canned food has high quality protein?

A)Protein disclaimer
B)Nutrition Facts panel
C)Ingredients' list
D)Daily Value for protein

Question 74

Which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids?

A)Cottage cheese
B)Chicken
C)Pistachio nuts
D)Onions

Question 75

Dallas,a healthy,active teenager,was diagnosed with PKU when he was only a few days old.In addition to foods that are manufactured to be low in phenylalanine,which of the following foods can he eat to meet his protein needs safely?

A)Baked potatoes
B)Fat-free milk
C)Fried fish
D)Lean hamburger

Question 76

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein?

A)Avocado with leafy greens salad
B)Soybean oil
C)Fat-free milk
D)Sesame seed crackers

Question 77

Lily is 22 years of age.She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day.According to AMDR guidelines,protein should comprise ____% of her total energy intake.

A)30 to 55
B)10 to 35
C)40 to 65
D)20 to 45

Question 78

Of the following foods,which is the best source of essential amino acids?

A)Oat flakes
B)Leaf lettuce
C)Grape juice
D)Sunflower seeds

Question 79

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins?

A)Peanut butter on crackers
B)Vegetable salad with greens and baby carrots
C)Slice of American cheese
D)½ cup of apple and watermelon chunks

Question 80

Which of the following foods is a good source of high-quality protein?

A)Soy milk
B)Boiled cabbage
C)Leaf lettuce
D)Orange juice