Deck 4: Body Basics

Question 1

Iron,calcium,and carbon are

A)bases.
B)elements.
C)compounds.
D)solvents.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

_____ is a mineral element.

A)Hydrogen
B)Iron
C)Nitrogen
D)Carbon

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The ____ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

A)mitochondrion
B)cell
C)organelle
D)atom

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Cells that have unrelated functions are organized into tissues.
B)An organelle is the smallest living component of the human body.
C)The body is comprised of organ systems.
D)A cell is comprised of related tissues.

Question 5

A substance has a pH that is higher than the pH of tomatoes and lower than the pH of blood.Based on this information,the substance is

A)lemon juice.
B)black coffee.
C)baking soda.
D)egg white.

Question 6

Which of the following substances has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water?

A)Orange juice
B)Blood
C)Gastric juice
D)Tomato juice

Question 7

An _____ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.

A)anion
B)electrolyte
C)organ
D)organelle

Question 8

To make hot tea,Sonya adds boiling water to a cup that has a teabag in it.She waits about 5 minutes for the tea to steep,then removes the teabag.Before drinking the tea,she adds a teaspoon of sugar to the hot beverage.When added to the tea,the sugar is a

A)buffer.
B)diffusion.
C)solute.
D)solvent.

Question 9

A food has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of oven cleaner.Based on this information,the food is

A)egg white.
B)black coffee.
C)red wine.
D)lemon juice.

Question 10

The atoms of a compound,such as sugar,are held together by

A)chemical bonds.
B)basic solutes.
C)osmotic attractions.
D)active enzymes.

Question 11

A substance has a pH that is lower than the pH of pure water but higher than the pH of gastric juice.Based on this information,the substance is

A)lemon juice.
B)egg white.
C)household ammonia.
D)baking soda.

Question 12

A(n)_____ is an atom or a group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.

A)solvent
B)diatom
C)ion
D)enzyme

Question 13

A molecule forms when two or more atoms are attracted to each other and held together by

A)bases.
B)salts.
C)bonds.
D)solvents.

Question 14

A scientist discovers a new chemical in the leaves of a rare tropical plant.When trying to determine the role of the chemical,the scientist determined that it is not a structural part of the plant's cells or a pigment that contributes to the color of the plant's leaves.She was able to learn that the chemical sped up a particular chemical reaction involving the plant's metabolism.Based on this information,the new chemical is a (an)

A)solution.
B)enzyme.
C)sphincter.
D)ileum.

Question 15

Which of the following organs helps maintain the body's acid-base balance by removing excess hydrogen ions?

A)Brain
B)Heart
C)Spleen
D)Kidneys

Question 16

A liquid has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of household ammonia.Based on this information,the liquid is rev: 01_18_2016_QC_CS-37745

A)black coffee.
B)a baking soda solution.
C)milk.
D)lemon juice.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Matter is comprised of atoms.
B)Electrons are positively charged particles.
C)Protons are negatively charged particles.
D)Acids are substances that gain hydrogen ions.

Question 18

An _____ is an ion that can conduct electricity.

A)enzyme
B)atom
C)electrolyte
D)amp

Question 19

In chemistry class,Karl combines hydrochloric acid with a base called sodium hydroxide.This chemical reaction results in the formation of a

A)buffer.
B)tissue.
C)salt.
D)proton.

Question 20

An _____ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes)a chemical reaction.

A)anion
B)electron
C)enzyme
D)acid

Question 21

The brain and spinal cord are structures of the ____ system.

A)integumentary
B)endocrine
C)nervous
D)cardiovascular

Question 22

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?

A)Weight loss as a result of starvation.
B)Muscle mass enlargement as a result of lifting weights.
C)Weight gain as a result of overeating.
D)Bone growth as a result of hormonal stimulation during puberty.

Question 23

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is

A)circulation of blood throughout the body.
B)production of red blood cells.
C)regulation of body activities.
D)destruction of toxic metabolic by-products.

Question 24

Rose has an autoimmune disease that destroyed her salivary glands.As a result of this condition,Rose probably

A)uses a lot of spices and sauces to season her foods.
B)has difficulty eliminating feces during bowel movements.
C)digests foods too quickly.
D)must eat refined functional foods.

Question 25

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

A)Liver
B)Brain
C)Pancreas
D)Gallbladder

Question 26

Salivary glands secrete amylase,an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth.

A)alcohol
B)protein
C)water
D)starch

Question 27

A scientist wants to break down a carbohydrate called "maltose" into its component parts.To accomplish this task,she should

A)mix maltose with 10 ml of water to form a solution.
B)add maltase to a solution that contains maltose.
C)combine maltose with copper and zinc ions.
D)heat maltose until it decomposes.

Question 28

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands.As a result of this condition,Bernetta

A)has trouble swallowing.
B)develops numerous stomach ulcers.
C)cannot tolerate eating cold foods.
D)digests food too rapidly.

Question 29

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

A)jejunum
B)epiglottis
C)liver
D)colon

Question 30

The bladder and kidneys are organs of the _____ system.

A)urinary
B)cardiovascular
C)endocrine
D)integumentary

Question 31

Certain organs and tissues use _____ to send messages to target cells.

A)bonds
B)hormones
C)enzymes
D)lacteals

Question 32

The process of digesting food begins in the

A)mouth.
B)liver.
C)colon.
D)esophagus.

Question 33

Blood and blood vessels are primary components of the _____ system.

A)urinary
B)circulatory
C)lymphatic
D)integumentary

Question 34

When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup,Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue.During the 24 hours that followed the injury,Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted

A)sour.
B)cold.
C)sweet.
D)meaty.

Question 35

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase.As a result of his condition,his mouth cannot

A)absorb alcohol.
B)begin starch digestion.
C)begin fat digestion.
D)lubricate dry foods.

Question 36

Which of the following statements is true?

A)After an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction,it can no longer function.
B)Most enzymes have names that end with -ase.
C)Enzymes can function as electrolytes.
D)Enzymes can function under a wide range of environmental conditions,such as pH and temperature.

Question 37

Libby was born without salivary glands.As a result of this condition,she

A)develops numerous stomach ulcers.
B)cannot tolerate eating cold foods.
C)digests food too rapidly.
D)has trouble tasting food.

Question 38

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions?

A)Loss of body fat during a week of starvation
B)The liver's conversion of a large carbohydrate molecule into its component parts
C)Enlargement of muscle tissue after 3 weeks of regular exercise
D)Breakdown of large food molecules within the lumen of the small intestine

Question 39

A primary function of the digestive system is the

A)breakdown of food into nutrients.
B)production of red blood cells.
C)destruction of toxic metabolic by-products.
D)transmission of nervous impulses.

Question 40

_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

A)Metabolism
B)Chyme
C)Anatomy
D)Homeostasis

Question 41

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi.Based on this information,you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.

A)digest proteins more efficiently
B)develop gallstones.
C)lose weight rapidly
D)absorb vitamins more rapidly

Question 42

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____,tiny,finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

A)arteries
B)neurons
C)villi
D)lacteals

Question 43

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called

A)segmentation.
B)lipolysis.
C)peristalsis.
D)gluconeogenesis.

Question 44

Last night,Sara ate French fries,fried fish,and creamy cole slaw.For dessert,she had a chocolate milk shake.About an hour after eating this food,she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain.Based on this information,Sara probably has

A)gallstones.
B)colitis.
C)aneurysms.
D)constipation.

Question 45

Chyme moves from the stomach into the

A)jejunum.
B)ileum.
C)duodenum.
D)colon.

Question 46

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?

A)Bile salts
B)Chyme
C)Gastric juice
D)Saliva

Question 47

After being absorbed,most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

A)lacteals within the villi.
B)chyme.
C)the gastroesophageal sphincter.
D)special cells lining the hepatic portal vein.

Question 48

The _____ is the second segment of the small intestine.

A)jejunum
B)duodenum
C)ileum
D)colon

Question 49

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked.Based on this information,his

A)lumen does not allow chyme to enter the small intestine.
B)intestinal tract does not absorb much fat.
C)ability to digest proteins is reduced.
D)hepatic portal vein can rupture.

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Heartburn often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.
B)Cystic fibrosis is an infectious disease that causes the muscles that control swallowing to malfunction.
C)A thin layer of chyme protects the lining of the digestive tract from being broken down by enzymes.
D)Hydrochloric acid (HCl)begins the partial digestion of fats in the small intestine.

Question 51

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The gallbladder makes bile and stores the compound in the liver.
B)Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.
C)Foods that taste bitter are generally good energy sources because of their high carbohydrate contents.
D)Segmentation enables chyme to move through the esophagus.

Question 52

After being absorbed,most lipids become incorporated into

A)the hepatic portal vein.
B)chylomicrons.
C)the lumen.
D)lacteals.

Question 53

Which of the following statements is false?

A)Mucus protects the lining of the stomach.
B)Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.
C)Peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat.
D)The sense of smell contributes to the sense of taste.

Question 54

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?

A)Bile
B)Hydrochloric acid
C)Salivary amylase
D)Chyme

Question 55

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

A)Gastric juice
B)Mucus
C)Bile
D)Hydrochloric acid

Question 56

Chyme is the

A)material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete.
B)large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream.
C)organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells.
D)semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
B)The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine.
C)The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system.
D)Lean people have a higher risk of gallstones than fat people.

Question 58

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

A)Pituitary
B)Liver
C)Pancreas
D)Gallbladder

Question 59

The _____ of a food describes the extent to which the body is able to absorb the nutrients from the food and use them.

A)digestibility
B)essentiality
C)homeostasis
D)bioavailability

Question 60

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?

A)Voice box
B)Tongue
C)Pharynx
D)Epiglottis

Question 61

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a condition that is characterized by the inability of her pancreas to produce cholecystokinin.Based on this information,she

A)has difficulty digesting food.
B)is taller than most children who are her age.
C)is heavier than average for her height.
D)absorbs higher than normal amounts of micronutrients.

Question 62

Tyler smokes cigarettes,drinks excess alcohol,and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches.Based on this information,Tyler has a high risk of developing

A)peptic ulcers.
B)chronic constipation.
C)cystic fibrosis.
D)irritable bowel syndrome.

Question 63

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily.Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight,she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes.Based on this information,Jillian has a high risk of developing

A)gastroesophageal reflux disease.
B)rheumatoid arthritis
C)cystic fibrosis.
D)irritable bowel syndrome.

Question 64

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week.Based on this information,Paisley should

A)take a gentle laxative so she has at least one bowel movement daily.
B)not worry,because she is not constipated.
C)Consult her physician to determine why she is constipated.
D)increase her intake of high-fiber foods and fiber wafers to relieve her chronic constipation.

Question 65

Bella is an omnivore,because she can

A)consume organic,refined,and functional foods.
B)synthesize protease,urease,and DNA polymerase.
C)only eat plant foods.
D)digest and absorb nutrients from a wide variety of sources.

Question 66

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn,his physician recommended that he

A)avoid overeating during meals.
B)decrease his intake of fruits and vegetables.
C)increase his intake of solid fats.
D)take a multivitamin/multimineral pill before meals.

Question 67

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep.Based on this information,he is likely to develop

A)colon cancer.
B)gastroesophageal reflux disease.
C)Crohn's disease.
D)chronic constipation.

Question 68

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?

A)Peptic ulcer
B)Ulcerative colitis
C)Cystic fibrosis
D)Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 69

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?

A)Cystic fibrosis
B)Crohn's disease
C)Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
D)Peptic ulcer

Question 70

The _____ is the third segment of the small intestine.

A)colon
B)ileum
C)duodenum
D)jejunum

Question 71

Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn,her physician recommended that she

A)avoid high-fiber fruits and vegetables.
B)eat a small piece of peppermint candy after meals.
C)drink chocolate milk shakes with meals.
D)lose excess body fat.

Question 72

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

A)esophageal sphincter
B)large intestine
C)lower stomach
D)pyloric valve

Question 73

For several years,Corey has sufferered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation.According to Corey,his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods,especially raw fruit and baked beans.His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed.Based on this information,Corey probably has

A)irritable bowel syndrome.
B)Crohn's disease.
C)gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
D)ulcerative colitis.

Question 74

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and

A)lying down after meals.
B)taking antidepressant medication.
C)reducing physical activity.
D)having the lower third of the colon removed.

Question 75

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and

A)learning ways to manage stress effectively.
B)reducing physical activity.
C)moving to a drier climate.
D)having the lower third of the colon removed.

Question 76

Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing.Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly.Based on this information,Dorothy probably has a (an)

A)overgrowth of probiotics in her stomach.
B)blockage caused by undigested fiber deposits in her jejunum.
C)condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning.
D)excessive amount of secretory activity within her digestive tract.