Deck 5: Motivation: Increasing Productivity

Question 1

Alderfer's ERG theory of motivation has only two areas: existence and growth.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

McClelland's manifest needs theory of motivation has a hierarchy of needs.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

An effective climate allows people to work to their full potential without becoming a threat to others.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to McClelland, a manager without a need for power will generally be less effective than one with a strong power need.

Question 5

Economic need is the primary motivator toward work.

Question 6

For managers, Maslow's main lesson on motivation is to notice the needs level of employees.

Question 7

According to ERG theory, relatedness needs are the more internal esteem needs that we all have, along with what Maslow called self-actualization.

Question 8

In terms of increasing one's self-actualization, Maslow suggested that whenever possible, one should choose growth rather than safety or security.

Question 9

Employees do not have opportunities to suggest changes in all organizations.

Question 10

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation shows that people tend to satisfy their needs in a certain order: first, physiological needs, then safety and security, belongingness and love, esteem, and finally, self-actualization.

Question 11

Extrinsic factors often provide more powerful motives than intrinsic factors do.

Question 12

To increase productivity in the organization, job morale has to be sacrificed.

Question 13

Researchers have found that professional women who are balancing the demands of work and families are more likely to quit their jobs for intrinsic reasons.

Question 14

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation, esteem needs include recognition from peers and colleagues.

Question 15

A good organizational climate is limited to people getting along well.

Question 16

People with a strong work ethic believe that working is immoral and lazy.

Question 17

Working does not allow one to satisfy one's intrinsic motives.

Question 18

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation assumes that when a need has been satisfied, it will no longer motivate the person's behavior.

Question 19

To be truly motivated means feeling a desire to do whatever task needs to be accomplished to reach a goal or purpose.

Question 20

The amount of creativity allowed, the degree of responsibility, and the satisfaction of helping others are the extrinsic rewards of a job.

Question 21

Which of the following is true of an intrinsic reward?

A)It is the internal feeling of satisfaction one gets from one's job.
B)It intends to provide motivational incentives including salary and bonuses.
C)It refers to the overall mood of an individual or a group.
D)It refers to the force of need or desire to act.

Question 22

McClelland feels that someone with a strong affiliation need will generally make the best manager.

Question 23

Morale is defined as the:

A)overall mood of an individual, based on attitudes and satisfaction.
B)desire to act upon a psychological need.
C)the willingness to make an effort toward accomplishment.
D)force of need or desire to act.

Question 24

People with a high achievement need are attracted to careers such as sales and business ownership.

Question 25

Which of the following will motivate a person with a strong sense of work ethic to be productive at work?

A)Fear of losing professional identity
B)Self-esteem that comes from success at work
C)Social contacts at work
D)A moral obligation to work and not being idle

Question 26

A manager trying to motivate employees should not use frequent praise.

Question 27

Which of the following is true of Alderfer's ERG theory?

A)The theory proposes five levels of needs that people progress through during their lifetime.
B)The order in which one progress through the three stages can be different for different people.
C)A need in the hierarchy will not be a motivator until those below it are already satisfied.
D)A person who fails to reach a higher need level will not become frustrated.

Question 28

Which of the following is true of an effective organizational climate?

A)It encourages competent and rapid completion of tasks.
B)It promotes the theory X management approach.
C)It does not affect productivity and job performance.
D)It is not influenced by the low morale of employees.

Question 29

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygienes are factors that workers do not want to go without.

Question 30

Which of the following is a reason why professional women who are balancing the demands of work and families are more likely to quit their jobs?

A)Lack of on-site day care facility
B)Inflexible working hours
C)Feeling of boredom
D)Lack of profit sharing programs

Question 31

In the context of the expectancy theory, when a manager is attempting to motivate an employee, only extrinsic factors should be calculated.

Question 32

_____ refers to the "emotional weather" within an organization that reflects the norms and attitudes of a company's culture and that affects worker morale, attitudes, stress levels, and communication.

A)Corporate social responsibility
B)Organizational climate
C)Mission statement
D)Job enrichment

Question 33

In McClelland's manifest needs theory of motivation, achievement needs are desired by individuals who want to control and influence other people.

Question 34

_____ is the willingness to make an effort toward accomplishment.

A)Hygiene
B)Motivation
C)Morale
D)Work ethics

Question 35

High self-esteem is the greatest motivator of all.

Question 36

An assumption underlying Maslow's theory is that:

A)needs that are not yet satisfied will motivate or influence a person's behavior.
B)people move around on the hierarchy ladder to meet several needs at a time.
C)the order in which one progresses through the need fulfillment stages can be different for different people.
D)someone who fails to reach a higher need level will sometimes become frustrated and regress to a lower need level.

Question 37

When people with high achievement needs fail, they place blame on others, on bad luck, or on fate.

Question 38

According to the reinforcement theory, the employees involved should have the opportunity for goal setting to make reinforcers more effective.

Question 39

According to McClelland, the three needs are factors that people are simply born with.

Question 40

Identify the esteem need.

A)Having an orderly way of life
B)Recognition from peers and colleagues
C)Acceptance from family and friends
D)Reaching one's full potential

Question 41

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following is true of hygiene factors?

A)These are factors which include feelings of accomplishment, of worth, of a job well done.
B)These are factors that are found either within the work itself or within the worker.
C)These are factors which employees do not want to go without but do not necessarily motivate.
D)These are factors that make employees feel moved to work harder.

Question 42

Which of the following job characteristics is required for job enrichment to be effective?

A)Hygiene factors
B)Instrumentality
C)Autonomy
D)Valence

Question 43

According to McClelland's manifest needs theory, people with a high achievement need:

A)want to control and influence other people.
B)want to be accepted and liked by others.
C)are goal oriented and have high energy levels.
D)usually enjoy conflicts and confrontations.

Question 44

David, an employee at a manufacturing company, wanted to get promoted to the post of supervisor. His company offered the incentive of a week-long fishing trip for high performers. This did not motivate David to perform well. This happened because the reward lacked ____.

A)expectancy
B)instrumentality
C)valence
D)autonomy

Question 45

Which of the following is a criticism against behavior modification theory?

A)It provides a reward or recognition for an effort or a job well done.
B)It manipulates people into doing what the reinforcer wants them to do.
C)It makes people move through the needs stages faster than they want to.
D)It shapes and molds people by making them feel that their dignity is threatened.

Question 46

Richard was working with a large manufacturing company. He voluntarily left his high-paying job because he felt that the company's products were of no significance to consumers and did more damage to the environment than it helped. Which of the following factors was most likely missing in Richard's job that demotivated him?

A)Skill variety
B)Task significance
C)Autonomy
D)Feedback

Question 47

Antonio, an employee of a software company, has been trying hard to get promoted for a long time. He gives up his efforts after two years and decides to remain satisfied with earning a decent living for his family. In terms of ERG theory of motivation, this exemplifies:

A)the frustration-regression principle.
B)the expectancy theory.
C)a low emotional intelligence quotient.
D)an internal locus of control.

Question 48

Sam is an experienced engineer but he works as a draftsperson. His company has a pleasant work atmosphere. Though he is well paid, he is frustrated with his job as he does not get a sense of meaning or accomplishment. He decides to quit his job by the end of the month. In terms of Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following factors is missing in Sam's company?

A)Hygiene factors
B)Motivators
C)Extrinsic rewards
D)Dissatisfiers

Question 49

According to the expectancy theory, what is instrumentality?

A)It refers to the likelihood that if a person tries to perform better, that will really be the result.
B)It refers to the likelihood that something good or bad will come from an increase in effort.
C)It refers to the value a person places on achieving a reward.
D)It refers to the freedom to choose one's tasks and methods of work.

Question 50

Which of the following is true of McClelland's manifest needs theory of motivation?

A)It does not follow a hierarchy of needs.
B)It holds that a manager without a need for power is effective.
C)It says that people with affiliation needs are the best managers.
D)It does not involve achievement needs.

Question 51

Which of the following is an effective way of behavior modification?

A)Informing an employee immediately of the behavior one does not like
B)Ignoring the behavior one does not like, hoping the employee will change
C)Rewarding the behavior one likes, and ignoring the behavior one does not like
D)Giving freedom to the employee so as to identify his or her weaknesses and strengths

Question 52

What is meant by task significance?

A)The opportunity to use numerous different skills in one's position at work
B)A worker's perception of the meaningfulness of a job
C)The freedom to choose one's tasks and methods of work
D)A worker's perception that the task directly affects other people's work or lives

Question 53

Which of the following is a need described by the manifest needs theory of motivation?

A)Instrumentality
B)Affiliation
C)Expectancy
D)Existence

Question 54

_____ is the value a person places on a reward.

A)Expectancy
B)Instrumentality
C)Valence
D)Reinforcement

Question 55

Which of the following is a feature of ERG theory of motivation?

A)Emotional competence inventory
B)Stroke economy
C)Hygiene factors
D)Frustration-regression principle

Question 56

Which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor?

A)Feeling of achievement
B)Increased responsibility
C)Recognition of work
D)Interpersonal relations

Question 57

According to the Hackman-Oldham job enrichment model, which of the following is a critical psychological state required for job enrichment?

A)Knowledge of the actual result of the work
B)Knowledge of performance-based incentives
C)Knowledge of the salary package and appraisals
D)Knowledge of various insurance policies

Question 58

Which of the following is true of high achievers and low achievers?

A)People with a high need for achievement consider high-risk and no-risk situations as a waste of time.
B)People who are driven by a high need for achievement would prefer high-risk situations that have little chance of success.
C)People with a low need for achievement are motivated by the expectation of success.
D)People with a low need for achievement prefer moderate-risk situations that are more likely to guarantee success.

Question 59

_____ describes the likelihood that if a person tries to perform better, that will really be the result.

A)Expectancy
B)Instrumentality
C)Power need
D)Affiliation need

Question 60

_____ refers to the freedom to choose one's tasks and methods of work.

A)Autonomy
B)Task Significance
C)Skill variety
D)Task identity

Question 61

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation, _____ include necessities for life such as air, food, warmth, and water.

Question 62

According to McClelland's manifest needs theory, someone with a strong _____ will generally not make the best manager.

Question 63

Increased responsibility, opportunities for personal growth, and the ability to participate in decision making are examples of ____.

Question 64

ERG theory was created by ____.

Question 65

Impressive titles, performance ratings, promotions are examples of _____ rewards.

Question 66

To make reinforcers or incentives more effective, the employees involved should have the opportunity for ____.

Question 67

According to McClelland's manifest needs theory, successful entrepreneurs are driven more by a high _____ than by the profit margin.

Question 68

_____ is the willingness to make an effort toward accomplishment.

Question 69

_____ rewards are the internal feelings of satisfaction one gets from one's job.

Question 70

An important feature of ERG theory is the _____ principle.

Question 71

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation, _____ needs include acceptance from family or friends.

Question 72

_____ proposed the two-factor theory that describes two forces: hygiene and motivators.

Question 73

_____ are factors connected with a job that make working there better.

Question 74

The expectancy theory of motivation was originally proposed by ____.

Question 75

_____ explains human behavior in terms of the results-both good and bad-that have occurred under similar conditions in the past.

Question 76

According to ____, a manager without a need for power will generally be less effective than one with a strong power need.

Question 77

_____ is the overall mood of a group of people and is based on employees' attitudes and feelings of satisfaction.

Question 78

According to the Hackman-Oldham's model, the factors necessary for _____ to be effective are skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback.

Question 79

In the hierarchy of needs theory, people are more interested in the _____ or _____ factors that make someone perform well.

Question 80

Maslow agreed that _____ and aesthetic needs are very important for some people, but admitted that they did not fit into his "hierarchy of needs" very well.