Deck 14: Human Relations in a World of Diversity

Question 1

Prejudice is one type of attitude.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

One of the theories on prejudice states that prejudice helps people define themselves and feel socially accepted.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was established to monitor implementation of the civil rights as per laws passed by the Civil Rights Act.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Stereotypes hurt minorities, women, men, and members of other groups.

Question 5

Biases are always negative impressions.

Question 6

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of American companies engaging directly in competition with overseas companies will decrease in the coming years.

Question 7

Discrimination is acting or intending to act, or being inclined to act, on a prejudicial attitude.

Question 8

Hiring, promotions, and job evaluations are areas where stereotypes can affect who is accepted or passed over.

Question 9

It's easier for people to feel superior when they are able to identify other groups of people as inferior.

Question 10

Selective perception is a process in which the mind quickly sorts information into categories to function efficiently.

Question 11

Whether positive or negative, a stereotype is potentially damaging because it lumps everyone into one group without recognizing their individual characteristics.

Question 12

One way of avoiding prejudices is to assign people to cognitive boxes and then evaluate them.

Question 13

Scapegoating is the practice of blaming yourself unfairly when things go wrong.

Question 14

Stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination form the three parts of a prejudiced attitude.

Question 15

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 makes it illegal to discriminate against anyone in a workplace because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Question 16

Discriminatory policies in the workplace that are intentionally set to exclude members of specific groups or to treat them differently are known as exclusionary policies.

Question 17

Prejudice is the way you act as a result of your stereotypes.

Question 18

For a belief to be termed as a stereotype, it has to be a negative belief about members of a given group.

Question 19

Ethnocentrism is one of the social sources from which prejudices originate.

Question 20

All attitudes have three parts: what you think, feel, and do.

Question 21

Institutional prejudice occurs when:

A)employees of an organization are involved in groupthink due to time pressure, stress, and low collective self-esteem.
B)the policies in an organization that are not intentionally set to exclude members of specific groups have a discriminatory effect.
C)employees of an organization turn an irrational belief into an imagined disaster.
D)an organization deliberately hires more men as compared to women.

Question 22

One of the theories about the emotional causes of prejudice is that people look for a target to blame when they are frustrated.

Question 23

One of the theories of prejudice is that competition leads to frustration and aggression.

Question 24

Prejudice and discrimination toward people who are poorer or wealthier than you leads to ethnocentrism.

Question 25

Ethnocentrism is based on facts that give rise to prejudice.

Question 26

Cognitive origin of prejudice deals with prejudice that arises from:

A)the need to feel higher in status than others.
B)a high level of self-esteem.
C)the need to categorize and stereotype people.
D)a belief in ethnocentrism.

Question 27

A key ingredient for people to begin to understand and appreciate members of other groups is contact.

Question 28

Ethnocentrism is making it easy to overcome racial prejudice.

Question 29

Which of the following best exemplifies the practice of scapegoating?

A)Karl discriminates against African American employees.
B)Rex passes lewd comments about his female colleagues.
C)Tina believes that that her ethnic group is superior to other ethnic groups.
D)Carl unfairly blames his team members for his failure to meet the deadline.

Question 30

Unlike other prejudices, economic prejudice is typically one-way as it usually involves the rich looking down on the poor.

Question 31

Placing a woman on a pedestal is the solution to the sexist attitude of considering her as being of less worth.

Question 32

Scapegoating refers to the practice of:

A)accepting defeat in an organizational conflict.
B)assigning people to cognitive boxes and then negatively evaluating them.
C)discriminating against people over the age of 40.
D)unfairly blaming others when things go wrong.

Question 33

Which of the following statements is true of theories on how social factors cause prejudice?

A)It primarily focuses on the thinking and reasoning processes of the people in the society.
B)It holds that prejudice primarily arises from the need to categorize and stereotype people.
C)It looks at the way organizations unintentionally create exclusionary policies.
D)It holds that prejudice primarily arises from habits and ethnocentrism.

Question 34

_____ are your thoughts or beliefs about specific groups of people.

A)Prejudices
B)Discriminations
C)Self-fulfilling prophecies
D)Stereotypes

Question 35

Prejudice and discrimination based on gender is known as sexism.

Question 36

Cognitive categorization is best described as:

A)the process of identifying categories of stimuli before the mind starts processing any information.
B)the faculty of some people who are able to simultaneously process information belonging to different categories.
C)a process in which the mind quickly sorts information into categories to function efficiently.
D)a psychoanalytic tool used to probe the unconscious needs underlying our statements.

Question 37

Sexism is the response to male chauvinism in organizations.

Question 38

_____ is the way you feel as a result of the stereotypes you believe in.

A)Prejudice
B)Discrimination
C)Self-fulfilling prophecies
D)Perception

Question 39

The _____ was established to monitor the amended Civil Rights Act of 1972 and related laws.

A)Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
B)Better Business Bureau (BBB)
C)U.S. Merit System Protection Board
D)Human and Civil Rights Organizations of America (HCROA)

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

A)It excluded unions from its definition of employers.
B)It covers those employers who employ less than 10 people.
C)It established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).
D)It makes it illegal to discriminate against anyone because of race.

Question 41

Greg, the manager of a retail store, posts pornographic images on the walls of his office cubicle. This act of Greg can be construed as:

A)ageism.
B)sexual harassment.
C)racial discrimination.
D)ethnocentrism.

Question 42

A relationship in which members of different groups not only must cooperate but also must rely on each other to reach common goals is known as:

A)scapegoating.
B)tolerance.
C)interdependence.
D)networking.

Question 43

Janice's manager, Mr. Stone, makes it a point to compliment her every day and sometimes comments on her perfect figure. These comments make Janice uncomfortable. Mr. Stone's act could be considered as:

A)sexual harassment.
B)racism.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)institutionalized prejudice.

Question 44

Which of the following statements is true of ethnocentrism?

A)Ethnocentrism is a cognitive source of prejudice.
B)It is the belief that people belonging to all ethnic groups are normal.
C)It is the belief that other ethnic groups are more normal than one's ethnic group.
D)The phenomenon of ethnocentrism is not always intentional.

Question 45

Ethnocentrism is the belief that:

A)one's ethnic group is more normal than others.
B)people belonging to the poorer sections of the society are lazy and worthless.
C)other ethnic groups are more normal than one's ethnic group.
D)people who do not belong to ethnic groups are more normal than those who belong to ethnic groups.

Question 46

Which of the following is true about discrimination?

A)Racism is the discrimination based on gender.
B)Male chauvinists discriminate against male employees.
C)Racial discrimination is prejudice toward people who are poorer or wealthier than you.
D)Ethnocentrism stands as an obstacle in overcoming racial prejudices.

Question 47

Equal status refers to the condition that occurs:

A)when all employees feel equally discriminated within a company.
B)when employees of the same status within a company have to face discrimination of the same nature.
C)when different ethnic groups in a company cooperate with each other.
D)when companies hire employees who are frequent targets of discrimination into all levels within the company.

Question 48

Ingredients to reduce prejudice and discrimination in a workplace include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)bias.
B)proximity.
C)interdependence.
D)equal status.

Question 49

A self-fulfilling prophecy is best described as:

A)a process in which the mind quickly sorts information into categories to function efficiently.
B)the tendency for a prediction to actually occur once it is believed.
C)a calculated prediction regarding the behavioral tendencies of an employee.
D)the behavioral pattern that leads to a prediction of future behavioral tendencies.

Question 50

Valencia is of the opinion that her culture is superior to other cultures. She criticizes the beliefs of people belonging to other cultures. Valencia's attitude best exemplifies:

A)ageism.
B)nepotism.
C)sexism.
D)ethnocentrism.

Question 51

Prejudice and discrimination toward older people is referred to as:

A)procrastination.
B)ageism.
C)egocentrism.
D)nepotism.

Question 52

A general observation about extremely prejudiced people is that:

A)they may suffer from low levels of self-esteem.
B)they are least likely to have an ethnocentric view.
C)they are typically older people with dated views on life and society.
D)they often have little trouble accepting the basic humanity of others.

Question 53

The worst reaction to incidents of sexual harassment is:

A)a violent response.
B)no response.
C)a lawsuit.
D)reciprocal harassment.

Question 54

In the U.S., which of the following questions is most likely to be considered illegal in interviews when hiring?

A)"Susan, why should we hire you?"
B)"Susan, could you describe how you resolved any conflict, personal or professional, in your last organization?"
C)"Susan, you've been married for four years. So, when are you planning to have children?"
D)"Susan, what contribution would you make to our organization if given the job?"

Question 55

Which of the following statements is true of homosexuality?

A)It refers to people who are sexually attracted to multiple genders.
B)There is reason to believe that homosexuals are less reliable than heterosexuals as homosexuality is genetically determined.
C)There is no reason to believe that homosexuals do their jobs any better or worse than anyone else.
D)It has been established in the United States that homosexuality is a chosen lifestyle and should be a protected category.

Question 56

In his book on prejudice, Gordon Allport has stated that the effects of being victimized by discrimination fall into two categories:

A)violent responses and no responses.
B)internalized prejudice and internalized aggression.
C)ethnocentric view and egocentric view.
D)blaming oneself and blaming external causes.

Question 57

When sexual harassment relates to indirect actions like posting pornography or talking about sex in a manner that makes others uncomfortable, this is called creating a(n):

A)open culture.
B)sexist stereotype.
C)hostile environment.
D)gender-neutral environment.

Question 58

Which of the following best exemplifies ageism?

A)Benson looks down on his female colleagues.
B)Lilac Star Inc. mostly hires white Americans.
C)Tara is of the opinion that her ethnic group is superior to other ethnic groups.
D)Blue Mark Inc. forces its employees to retire at 45.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is true of sexual harassment?

A)The best response to sexual harassment is to ignore it completely.
B)Sexual harassment is limited to the harassment of female employees by male superiors.
C)Sexually harassing behaviors include explicit actions like forced fondling but not indirect actions like posting pornography.
D)If a person does not take any action against sexual harassment, it causes the person much stress.

Question 60

The simplest and most effective method to stop sexual harassment at a workplace is:

A)filing a suit.
B)reporting the incident to the top management.
C)threatening to inform fellow employees.
D)just asking or telling the person to stop.

Question 61

Older people, homosexuals, ethnic groups, women, and other minorities contribute to a(n) _____ society.

Question 62

_____ is the practice of unfairly blaming others when something goes wrong.

Question 63

_____ is when a person believes prejudicial remarks and assumptions, and in turn accepts being treated in a discriminatory manner-which may include falling for the self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 64

Prejudice and discrimination based on race is referred to as ____.

Question 65

_____ is your behavior, or what you do as a result of your stereotypes and prejudice.

Question 66

_____ is a tendency to judge people before knowing them, basing the judgment only on their membership in some group or category of people.

Question 67

_____ is the negative attitude toward older people.

Question 68

_____ refers to considering one's own ethnic group as most normal and believing that its way of seeing and doing things is the right way.

Question 69

The _____ was the remedy to the ineffective implementation of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 as the latter struggled to address the issue of defining the terms "handicapped" and "disabled."

Question 70

The resentment and struggle between the "haves" and "have-nots" is referred to as _____ prejudice.

Question 71

The origins of prejudice can be divided into three broad categories: social causes, ____, and emotional causes.

Question 72

_____ is a process in which the mind quickly sorts information into categories to function efficiently.

Question 73

_____ is the feeling that results from stereotyping.

Question 74

_____ refers to the prejudice that is caused by policies in the workplace that are not intentionally set to exclude members of specific groups or to treat them differently, but which have that effect anyway.

Question 75

The _____ was established to monitor the implementation of the Civil Rights Act that aimed to prevent discrimination at the workplace.

Question 76

Since women still shoulder most of the housework and child rearing in most homes, if they choose the _____ in their career they will have to sacrifice at least some of these personal responsibilities.

Question 77

_____ are your thoughts or beliefs about specific groups of people.

Question 78

_____ is the condition that occurs when companies hire employees who are frequent targets of discrimination into all levels within a company.

Question 79

Male chauvinism is also known as ____.

Question 80

"Asians are good students and employees" is a belief that exemplifies a(n) ____.