Deck 12: Stress and Stress Management

Question 1

Irrational beliefs can lead to instances of catastrophizing an event.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

An approach-approach inner conflict occurs when you are drawn toward and away from something at the same time.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

People with a hardy personality seem to have three things in common: challenge, commitment, and control.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

An avoid-avoid inner conflict occurs when you are torn between two undesirable options.

Question 5

Major life changes are internal sources of stress.

Question 6

Eustress is the kind of stress you are likely to feel when going through a divorce.

Question 7

Stress is any reaction or response your body makes to a new situation.

Question 8

According to Selye's theory, you enter the third stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the stage of exhaustion, when the fight-or-flight response is activated.

Question 9

According to psychologist Albert Ellis, the biggest culprit in one's emotional stress and anxiety is the C (or consequences) part of the ABC.

Question 10

Type A personalities are characterized by impatience, hostility, perfectionism, and a sense of time urgency.

Question 11

Stress can be caused by major life changes as well as by everyday hassles.

Question 12

According to psychologist Albert Ellis, irrational beliefs are a source of internal stress.

Question 13

Inner conflict is considered an external stressor.

Question 14

According to folk wisdom, top-level executives are most likely to have type A personalities.

Question 15

The more stressors you encounter, the more comfortable you feel at adapting to new stressors.

Question 16

People with a hardy personality typically have an external locus of control.

Question 17

In the alarm stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome, there is an increase in the heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, and a sudden release of adrenaline.

Question 18

According to the general adaptation syndrome, when you are first confronted with a stressor, your body responds with an activation of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 19

Distress comes only from major life changes.

Question 20

People's cognitive appraisal remains constant for almost all situations.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true about eustress?

A)It is a kind of pleasant and desirable stress.
B)It is a kind of stress you might feel during an illness.
C)It leads to pain, discomfort, and frustration.
D)It occurs when you are drawn toward and away from a desirable end at the same time.

Question 22

Medical research suggests that the effects of stress can strike back much later in life.

Question 23

According to Selye's theory, you enter the second stage of general adaptation syndrome when you cannot adapt to the stressor successfully and end up using all your physical resources.

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of a chronic stressor?

A)The excitement about a vacation
B)The disappointment over the loss of a game of tennis
C)The anger felt at being discriminated against because of your gender
D)The grief at the death of a family member

Question 25

Researchers have found that people under stress may act restless, impatient, competitive, and pressured.

Question 26

According to Selye's theory, eustress does not produce physical and chemical changes in the fight-or-flight response.

Question 27

Which of the following kinds of stress will you most likely experience when you win a race?

A)Distress
B)Hypostress
C)Hyperstress
D)Eustress

Question 28

Managers can reduce stress in the working environment by providing authority and rewards commensurate with responsibilities and performance.

Question 29

Keilla works part time with a publishing firm. She loves her work and her colleagues. As an appreciation of her job performance, she is offered a promotion. Around the same time, Keilla's best friend asks Keilla to join her as a partner in her bakery. Baking and making desserts is Keilla's passion. Keilla is unable to decide. Which type of inner conflict is Keilla facing?

A)Avoid-approach
B)Avoid-avoid
C)Approach-approach
D)Content conflict

Question 30

Stressed employees are more likely than nonstressed employees to abuse alcohol or other drugs.

Question 31

Jacob was excited that he got a promotion as a marketing manager, but the promotion also meant that he would have to relocate to another state. Jacob is reluctant to move. Which type of inner conflict will this situation create for Jacob?

A)Approach-avoid
B)Approach-approach
C)Avoid-avoid
D)Values conflict

Question 32

The positive stress felt when playing baseball is referred to as ____.

A)a chronic stressor
B)distress
C)conflict
D)eustress

Question 33

Which of the following psychologists theorized that human bodies are nearly always in some kind of stress?

A)Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
B)Hans Selye
B)F. Skinner
C)
D)Eric Berne

Question 34

Which type of inner conflict occurs when you are torn between two undesirable options?

A)Values conflict
B)Approach-approach
C)Avoid-approach
D)Avoid-avoid

Question 35

Chronic stress can actually weaken your immune system and you may fall victim to an illness that you would normally fight off with ease.

Question 36

Which kinds of stress will you most likely experience when you are down with cold?

A)Distress
B)Hypostress
C)Hyperstress
D)Eustress

Question 37

According to psychologists, _____ can be defined as the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it.

A)depression
B)anxiety
C)conflict
D)stress

Question 38

Stress does not affect self-esteem.

Question 39

Managers can reduce job burnout by being soft and laid-back while making decisions.

Question 40

Stress impacts all areas of people's lives: physical health, mental health, social life, and job performance.

Question 41

Which of the following theories developed by Hans Selye tested the physical effect of stress on people?

A)The type A/type B personality theory
B)The cognitive appraisal concept
C)The operant conditioning concept
D)The general adaptation syndrome

Question 42

The "three Cs" of a(n) _____ are challenge, commitment, and control.

A)type A personality
B)hardy personality
C)type B personality
D)introvert personality

Question 43

Which of the following best describes cognitive appraisal?

A)It is a way of thinking that causes internal stress by substituting a realistic belief with one that is destructive.
B)It is your "thinking evaluation" of an event or situation.
C)It is the process of expanding an irrational belief into an imagined disaster.
D)It is a thinking that occurs when goals that you are trying to attain are blocked.

Question 44

Which of the following is a source of an external stressor?

A)Chronic worry
B)Relationship issues
C)Shy or unassertive personality
D)Aggressive or bossy personality

Question 45

In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is the fight-or-flight response activated?

A)The second stage
B)The first stage
C)The third stage
D)The last stage

Question 46

Identify one of the "three Cs" of the hardy personality.

A)Challenge
B)Catastrophizing
C)Conformity
D)Conflict

Question 47

Which of the following is the second stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A)The alarm stage
B)The stage of exhaustion
C)The stage of adaptation
D)The stage of succumbing to a disease of adaptation

Question 48

According to Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome theory, in which of the following ways does the body react in the stage of adaptation?

A)There is a sudden rush of adrenaline in the blood stream.
B)The sympathetic nervous system shuts down and the parasympathetic nervous system is activated.
C)The heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration shoot up at this stage.
D)The body restores lost energy and repairs any damage done.

Question 49

According to Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome theory, which of the following statements is true about the stage of exhaustion?

A)In this stage, the sympathetic nervous system shuts down and the parasympathetic nervous system is activated.
B)In this stage, a person is unable to cope with a prolonged stressor and can become vulnerable to other stressors.
C)It is also known as the stage of adaptation or recovery.
D)It is a stage where people are able to cope with the stressors and soon return to normal.

Question 50

Which of the following statements is a defining characteristic of people with the type B personality?

A)They have a sense of time urgency.
B)They are characterized by perfectionism.
C)They have the ability to relax and delegate work.
D)They are typically hostile and impatient.

Question 51

Jenna constantly tries to please everyone around her. She believes that she must have the love and approval of all the people who are important to her. Consequently, she works late to finish tasks for her colleagues, constantly runs errands for her friends, and gets overloaded with work because she can never refuse sudden requests from her boss. The most likely reason for Jenna's unnecessary stress is:

A)her irrational belief.
B)her faulty cognitive appraisal.
C)an avoid-avoid inner conflict.
D)an approach-avoid inner conflict.

Question 52

Before going on his vacation, Philip worked almost 16 hours a day for a week to complete his work. Due to his stressful work schedule, he fell ill on the third day of his vacation, and spent the rest of his vacation recovering from the illness. In the context of the general adaptation syndrome, Philip is in the:

A)first stage.
B)stage of adaptation.
C)stage of exhaustion.
D)alarm stage.

Question 53

According to Albert Ellis's ABC approach, which of the following is the biggest culprit for an individual's emotional stress and anxiety?

A)The activating event
B)The belief about the event
C)The consequences of the event
D)The chronic stressors of the event

Question 54

Darin is a good student who manages to secure high grades in his exams. However, he is always under the stress that he is sure to fail in his exams. This behavior best exemplifies:

A)the avoid-avoid inner conflict.
B)the approach-approach inner conflict.
C)the practice of catastrophizing an event.
D)ethnocentrism.

Question 55

Who among the following is most likely to have a type A personality?

A)John, who is flexible in delegating work to others and has a minimal sense of time urgency
B)Derek, who has the ability to live in the present, and is quickly adaptive to any situation
C)Sarah, who is docile and submissive in nature
D)Jessica, who is a perfectionist with a sense of time urgency and is often hostile

Question 56

What can managers do to reduce corporate stress?

A)Challenge employees by giving excessive work.
B)Be laid-back while making decisions for the team.
C)Promote groupthink among employees.
D)Encourage independent and creative thinking.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true of both type A and B personalities?

A)People are born with these personality types and these remain unchanged during a person's lifetime.
B)People with these personality types are typically hostile and impatient.
C)People may act like one of these personality types on the outside but feel completely different inside.
D)People with these personality types are characterized by their ability to relax and delegate work.

Question 58

According to Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome theory, in which of the following ways does the body typically react to a stressor in the alarm stage?

A)It activates the sympathetic nervous system.
B)It activates the parasympathetic nervous system.
C)It develops fatal diseases.
D)It uses up all the physical reserves.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is true about stress?

A)Even serious chronic illnesses such as cancer are linked to stress.
B)The human body reacts to the first signs of stress by shutting down the sympathetic nervous system.
C)It is not possible to recognize the fight-or-flight feelings of immediate stressors.
D)In the second stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the human body shuts down the parasympathetic nervous system to cope with stress.

Question 60

Which of the following is a source of an internal stressor?

A)Frustration
B)Inner conflict
C)Cognitive appraisal
D)Chronic pain

Question 61

In the third stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the stage of ____, you are unable to cope with the prolonged stressor, and you can become vulnerable to other stressors.

Question 62

_____ stressors are stressors that include anything from outside sources that causes you pain, discomfort, frustration, or conflict.

Question 63

In the context of the type A and type B personality theory, the _____ personality is characterized by impatience, hostility, perfectionism, and a sense of time urgency.

Question 64

Once the alarm is sounded in the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome, you enter the second stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the stage of ____.

Question 65

____, or bad stress is the kind of stress you might feel during an illness or when going through a divorce.

Question 66

The _____ stage is the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

Question 67

_____ is best described as your "thinking evaluation" of an event or a situation.

Question 68

Psychologist Hans Selye's theory about what stress does to people physically is known as the ____.

Question 69

According to Albert Ellis, the biggest culprit in your emotional stress and anxiety is the _____ part of the ABC approach.

Question 70

People who ____, convert an irrational belief into an imagined disaster.

Question 71

According to the type A and type B personality theory, _____ people seem more likely to have cardiovascular problems such as heart attacks and strokes.

Question 72

____, or good stress is the kind of pleasant, desirable stress you might feel when playing tennis or attending a party.

Question 73

According to psychologists, _____ stressors can include your own perceptions or interpretations of a stressor, as well as personality factors.

Question 74

_____ is a physical and emotional exhaustion resulting from long-term stress or frustration in one's workplace.

Question 75

The _____ personality is characterized by the ability to meet challenges, a sense of commitment, and a feeling of being in control of life.

Question 76

In the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the fight-or-flight response is activated.

Question 77

_____ stressors are more stressful than daily hassles, but not as stressful as a major life change.

Question 78

In the context of the type A and type B personality theory, the _____ personality is characterized by flexibility, the ability to relax and delegate work, and a minimal sense of time urgency.

Question 79

A(n) _____ belief system is a way of thinking that causes internal stress by substituting a realistic belief with one that is destructive, illogical, and largely false.

Question 80

When you are not able to adapt to a stressor and end up using up all your physical resources, you enter the third stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the stage of ____.