Deck 9: The First Cities and States

Question 1

__________ is not a characteristic of states.

A)Control of specific regional territories
B)Productive farming economies
C)Record-keeping systems
D)Stratified into social classes
E)A hereditary inequality

Answer 1

A hereditary inequality

Question 2

__________ refers to a ranked society in which villages have lost their autonomy.

A)Primary state
B)Chiefdom
C)Archaic state
D)Tribe
E)Band

Answer 2

Chiefdom

Question 3

____________ is the first Chinese state.

A)Chin
B)Taipei
C)Longshang
D)Shang
E)Nok Nok Tha

Answer 3

Shang

Question 4

__________ society is divided into social classes.

A)Egalitarian
B)Ranked
C)Chiefdom
D)Commune
E)State

Question 5

The Olmec were a(n)

A)state.
B)empire.
C)tribe.
D)band.
E)chiefdom.

Question 6

Ranked societies are different from states because

A)states have social classes.
B)ranked societies lack hereditary inequality.
C)states have chiefs.
D)states lack hereditary inequality.
E)ranked societies have social classes.

Question 7

__________ were the precursors to primary states.

A)Archaic states
B)Tribes
C)Chiefdoms
D)Bands
E)City-states

Question 8

Cuneiform is the name for early writing in

A)China.
B)Mesoamerica.
C)Indus Valley.
D)Mesopotamia.
E)Andes.

Question 9

Such an attribute as __________ distinguishes states from chiefdoms.

A)large residences
B)a paramount ruler
C)distinct social stratification
D)subsistence economy based on domesticated species
E)armed conflict between competing communities

Question 10

The statement, __________, is not true.

A)"the Olmec lived along the Gulf Coast of modern Mexico"
B)"the Olmec were the first Mesoamerican empire"
C)"the Olmec lived between 3,200 and 2,500 years ago"
D)"the Olmec carved massive stone heads"
E)"the Olmec built earthen mounds grouped around plazas"

Question 11

___________ is the cultural period when advanced chiefdoms and perhaps the earliest states emerged in Mesopotamia.

A)Natufian
B)The prepottery Neolithic
C)Halafian
D)Ubaid
E)Akkadian

Question 12

The statement, __________, is not true.

A)"Jericho is located in Israel"
B)"Jericho has a series of shrines decorated with bull motifs"
C)"Jericho was first settled by the Natufians"
D)"After 9000 B.P., the inhabitants of Jericho buried their dead beneath their house floors"
E)"Jericho had a large tower and a city wall"

Question 13

____________ is the cultural period when the first chiefdoms emerged in northern Syria.

A)Natufian
B)Halafian
C)Jomon
D)Ubaid
E)Uruk

Question 14

The statement, ___________, is not true.

A)"everybody is of equal status"
B)"everybody is born equal"
C)"there are no social classes"
D)"there is no hereditary inequality"
E)"a person's status is based on age, gender, individual qualities, talents, and achievements"

Question 15

__________ describes the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is today Iraq and southwestern Iran.

A)Mesopotamia
B)Mesolithic
C)Mesoamerica
D)Mesozoic
E)Mesoderm

Question 16

Writing in the Middle East first developed in

A)Southern Mesopotamia.
B)Northern Mesopotamia.
C)The Levant.
D)Çatal Hüyük.
E)Central Iran.

Question 17

Knowledge of the properties of metals, including how to extract, process, and use them to make tools, is

A)metalology.
B)annealing.
C)smelting.
D)metallurgy.
E)smithing.

Question 18

The statement, __________, is not true.

A)"Çatal Hüyük was first planned and built by the Jomon"
B)"the dwellings at Çatal Hüyük were entered through the roof"
C)"Çatal Hüyük was probably the largest Neolithic settlement in the Middle East"
D)"the dead were buried beneath house floors"
E)"Çatal Hüyük may have had as many as 10,000 inhabitants"

Question 19

___________ is the first state in Pakistan and western India.

A)Shang
B)Zapotec
C)Uruk
D)Moche
E)Indus

Question 20

___________ refers to a society that lacks status distinctions except those based on age, gender, and individual qualities, talents, and achievements.

A)Gendered
B)Communism
C)Egalitarian
D)Fascism
E)Socialism

Question 21

Discuss how chiefdoms and states differ.Identify the evidence archaeologists use to distinguish between the two.

Question 22

Such writers as Heyerdahl and von Daniken ignore __________ in their theories of world development.

A)diffusion
B)culture contact
C)independent inventiveness
D)alien influence
E)agriculture
Essay Questions

Question 23

__________ happened at about the same time as the beginning of the Zapotec state in the Valley of Oaxaca.

A)Domestication
B)City formation
C)Settlers from Egypt arrived
D)Raiding increased to warfare for territory
E)The Spanish arrived

Question 24

Explain why states collapse.Detail how archaeological explanations of the process of collapse changed over time.

Question 25

In contrast to earlier models, current explanations of the origin and decline of states

A)suggest that all cultural change results from the diffusion of ideas between societies.
B)consider the effects of social and political variables in addition to environmental factors.
C)attempt to isolate the single variable that brought about cultural change.
D)accept the possibility that extraterrestrial forces may have played a role in the rise and fall of ancient civilizations.
E)emphasize the role of natural environmental factors.

Question 26

Discuss at least three different theories concerning the formation of states.Identify how these theories differ and how are they similar.List some of the strengths and weaknesses of each.

Question 27

The earliest states emerged in Mesopotamia.

Question 28

Describe where and how the first states formed.Include the types of societies that evolved into states, and discuss the factors that contributed to the emergence of the first states.

Question 29

The two largest cities in the Indus River Valley state were

A)Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.
B)Teotihuacan and Tenochtitlan.
C)Giza and Thebes.
D)Ur and Uruk.
E)La Venta and Tula.

Question 30

Early states lacked social classes.

Question 31

The capital of the first state to develop in the Valley of Mexico was.

A)Tehuantepec.
B)La Venta.
C)Tenochtitlan.
D)Monte Albán.
E)Teotihuacan.

Question 32

Long-distance trade is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for the emergence of states.

Question 33

Early states arose out of competition between rival egalitarian societies.

Question 34

Those who believe that agricultural economies led to the origin of the state argue that

A)irrigation began in China and spread along ancient trade routes.
B)states were the by-products of the organizational requirements of large irrigation systems.
C)irrigation systems favored democracy.
D)irrigation provided the advantage that allowed H.sapiens to displace the Neandertals.
E)Mesolithic states developed so that they could build irrigation systems.

Question 35

___________ is a form of social and political organization that has a formal, central government, and a division of society into classes.

A)Egalitarian society
B)Ranked society
C)State
D)Chiefdom
E)Band

Question 36

Identify ways that environmental degradation can contribute to the collapse of states.

Question 37

____________ allows a state to expand its territory much larger than a chiefdom.

A)Bureaucracy
B)Armies
C)Strong leaders
D)Long-distance trade
E)Loose, informal leadership

Question 38

___________ is not a variable in Carneiro's theory of state formation.

A)Warfare
B)Population growth
C)Environmental circumscription
D)Resource concentration
E)Long-distance trade

Question 39

Early states had productive farming economies.

Question 40

Summarize Carneiro's multivariate model of state formation.Identify the variables that are involved, and how are they interrelated.

Question 41

There is consensus among archaeologists that Classic Maya civilization collapsed because of catastrophic environmental changes.

Question 42

The first metal humans used was iron.

Question 43

Carneiro's model of state formation argues that states emerged in areas where societies were physically or socially circumscribed.

Question 44

Environmental degradation may contribute to the collapse of states.

Question 45

Jericho is located in central Turkey.

Question 46

The Shang dynasty had bronze metallurgy and writing.

Question 47

Primary states are states that formed on their own, rather than as a result of contact with other state societies.

Question 48

Social ranking and stratification are both forms of hereditary inequality.

Question 49

In an egalitarian society, everybody has the same status.

Question 50

The first chiefdoms in the Middle East appeared during the Halafian period.

Question 51

Ranked societies lack social differences.

Question 52

Metallurgy plays a key role in Carneiro's model of state formation.

Question 53

The Olmec were the first state in Mesoamerica.

Question 54

Teotihuacan and Çatal Hüyük were two of the earliest towns in the Middle East.

Question 55

The Natufians were the first culture to develop a state in the Indus Valley.