Deck 1: What Is Anthropology

Question 1

The pressurized cabin of an airplane flying at high altitude provides an example of a(n)

A)genetic adaptation.
B)long-term physiological adaptation.
C)short-term physiological adaptation.
D)cultural adaptation.
E)archaeological adaptation.

Answer 1

cultural adaptation.

Question 2

Ethnology is

A)the study of human speech sounds.
B)the comparative, generalizing aspect of cultural anthropology.
C)the most important subfield of anthropology.
D)the study of ancient ethnic groups.
E)a synonym for ethnography.

Answer 2

the comparative, generalizing aspect of cultural anthropology.

Question 3

A systematic field of study that uses experiment, observation, and deduction to produce reliable explanations of phenomena is

A)culture.
B)religion.
C)humanities.
D)science.
E)folklore.

Answer 3

science.

Question 4

A scientist who studies the fossil record of human evolution is a(n)

A)paleoanthropologist.
B)archaeologist.
C)ethnologist.
D)treasure hunter.
E)primatologist.

Question 5

A biocultural perspective is ___________.

A)the notion that humans no longer rely on biological adaptation.
B)the inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches.
C)using the fact that culture is completely dominant over biological change.
D)synonymous with scientific research.
E)the idea that girls should be gymnasts and boys should play football.

Question 6

__________ defines the processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses.

A)Ethnology
B)Ethnography
C)Cultural resource management
D)Adaptation
E)Phenotype

Question 7

The statement, ____________, is not true.

A)"anthropology is the exploration of human diversity in time and space"
B)"anthropology studies the whole of the human condition"
C)"anthropologists focus in part on the diversity that arises through human adaptability"
D)"anthropology's biocultural approach entails finding evolutionary explanations for all human behaviors"
E)"anthropology offers a comparative, cross-cultural perspective to the study of the human condition"

Question 8

Rathje's garbology project

A)studies the stratification of landfills.
B)is archaeology of modern people.
C)answered the question why people leave things behind for archaeologists to find.
D)is a study of potsherds.
E)was conducted in ancient Egypt.

Question 9

The four main subdisciplines of anthropology consist of

A)medical anthropology, ethnography, ethnology, and cultural anthropology.
B)archaeology, biological anthropology, applied linguistics, and applied anthropology.
C)biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology, cultural anthropology, and archaeology.
D)genetic anthropology, physical anthropology, psychological anthropology, linguistic anthropology.
E)primatology, ethnology, cultural anthropology, and paleopathology.

Question 10

The question, ___________, was important in the origins of American anthropology.

A)"How are the Neandertals related to us"
B)"Where did Native Americans come from"
C)"When and where did food production first begin"
D)"How much beer do people in Arizona drink today"
E)"Where do ideals of attractiveness come from"

Question 11

__________ is least likely to send female swimmers to the Olympics.

A)The United States
B)Germany
C)The Netherlands
D)Norway
E)Brazil

Question 12

Ethnography is

A)the firsthand, personal study of local settings.
B)the process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations.
C)the study of interrelationships among all living things in an environment.
D)a policy aimed at removing groups that are culturally different from a country.
E)the cross-cultural comparison of cultural data.

Question 13

President Barack Obama's mother, Dr.Ann Dunham, was a(n)

A)primatologist.
B)cultural and applied anthropologist.
C)biological anthropologist.
D)medical anthropologist.
E)archaeologist.

Question 14

The study of interactions among past living things in a past environment is

A)paleoanthropology.
B)paleoecology.
C)garbology.
D)social archaeology.
E)adaptive anthropology.

Question 15

The statement, __________, is a distinction between culture and society.

A)"culture is the result of higher education, whereas society is shared by all people"
B)"people share society with other animals, but culture is distinctly human"
C)"culture is genetically programmed, whereas society is transmitted through social learning"
D)"people attain culture through international travel but society is the social environment of their native land"
E)"society rests more upon certain features of human biology than culture does"

Question 16

Anthropology's comparative, biocultural perspective

A)allows the inclusion of both biological and cultural approaches to comment or solve a particular issue or problem.
B)is the reason it has traditionally studied nonindustrialized societies.
C)is insignificant, since evolution is studied by biological anthropologists while culture is studied by cultural anthropologists.
D)is a product of the participant observation approach.
E)places it in the humanities.

Question 17

Biological anthropologists study all of the following except

A)ancient languages.
B)human biological plasticity.
C)primates.
D)human evolution.
E)human genetics.

Question 18

Four-field anthropology does not claim __________ as a distinctive feature.

A)holistic approach
B)broad cross-cultural comparison
C)the study of human biology, culture, and language
D)that it is a science and a humanity
E)an exclusive focus on contemporary cultures

Question 19

The tendency of people living in the Peruvian Andes to develop a voluminous chest and lungs for life at very high altitudes provides an example of a(n)

A)genetic adaptation.
B)long-term physiological adaptation.
C)short-term physiological adaptation.
D)cultural adaptation.
E)archaeological adaptation.

Question 20

Archaeologists study

A)language.
B)race.
C)biological adaptation.
D)modern cultural diversity.
E)material remains.

Question 21

Name the various kinds of work applied anthropologists pursue.Provide one example for each subfield.Discuss the aspects of anthropology that make it uniquely valuable in application to social problems.

Question 22

Ethnography involves the collection of data that become the basis for an account of a particular community, society, or culture.

Question 23

Anthropologists use the term society to refer to customs and traditions passed from generation to generation through learning.

Question 24

Identify the four subdisciplines of anthropology.Define each subdiscipline and give one example of something each might study.

Question 25

Cultural resource management is an example of applied

A)ethnology.
B)biological anthropology.
C)archaeology.
D)linguistic anthropology.
E)ethnography.

Question 26

Anthropology is unique in that it is both holistic and cross-cultural.

Question 27

Discuss ways that culture can change the growth and development of an individual's physical body.Include at least one example.

Question 28

The study of the relationships between social and linguistic variation is

A)historic linguistics.
B)applied linguistics.
C)cultural resource management.
D)adaptation.
E)sociolinguistics.

Question 29

List and describe at least three types of remains that archaeologists could study.Discuss what archaeologists could learn from each type.

Question 30

Anthropologists study only non-Western cultures.

Question 31

Ethnomusicology is one of the main four subfields of anthropology.

Question 32

Anthropology is a holistic discipline because it

A)has traditionally focused on nonindustrial societies.
B)deals with human culture.
C)does not attempt to make generalizations about humanity.
D)now focuses on industrial societies.
E)studies human biological, cultural, and linguistic variation across both time and space.

Question 33

Anthropologists would agree that a comparative, cross-cultural approach is unnecessary as long as you are diligent in your work.

Question 34

Linguistic anthropologists study how languages vary in time and space, and how language and culture influence each other.

Question 35

If an anthropologist is studying ethnic-religious conflict in contemporary Sri Lanka, s/he is most likely a(n)

A)cultural anthropologist.
B)linguistic anthropologist.
C)paleoanthropologist.
D)archaeological anthropologist.
E)biological anthropologist.
Essay Questions

Question 36

Identify the four primary types of human adaptation.Discuss why their interrelationship has been particularly important for the human species.

Question 37

The use of anthropological findings, concepts, and methods to accomplish a desired end is

A)applied anthropology.
B)economic anthropology.
C)conceptual anthropology.
D)sociobiology.
E)participant observation.

Question 38

Identify the themes and interests that unify the subdisciplines of American anthropology.Your answer should refer to historical reasons for the unity of anthropology in the United States.

Question 39

Define ethnography and ethnology.Discuss the importance of each, as well as their relationship in the field of anthropology.

Question 40

Discuss anthropology's dual identity as a member of the social sciences and the humanities.Define the advantages that may be found in this dual identity.

Question 41

Academic anthropology refers to the use of anthropological knowledge and methods to identify and solve social problems.

Question 42

The term enculturation refers to the process through which children learn culture.

Question 43

Primatology is included in biological anthropology.

Question 44

The origin of American anthropology traces to an interest in the origins and diversity of Native Americans.

Question 45

The study of material remains like potsherds, buildings, ships, and garbage falls under the subdiscipline of archaeological anthropology.

Question 46

Humans use both biological and cultural means to adapt to new environments.

Question 47

The experience of hyperventilation upon reaching a high altitude environment illustrates a long-term physiological adaptation to high altitude.

Question 48

Ethnology is the process of living with a culture for a long time to describe that one culture fully.

Question 49

Archaeologists only study past cultures.

Question 50

Culture is not itself biological, but it rests on certain features of human biology.