Deck 2: Leadership Involves an Interaction Between the Leader, the Followers, and the Situation

Question 1

What is Hollander's approach to leadership called?

A)Participative
B)Transformational
C)Charismatic
D)Transactional

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A classic study of sex roles demonstrated that there was no or limited bias in sex role stereotypes therefore women do not face problems in moving up through managerial roles.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Personality traits,skills and values are important factors in analyzing followers and leaders.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Men view leadership as an exchange with subordinates for services rendered.

Question 5

The interactional framework of leadership used by the text involves the leader,the followers and the situation.

Question 6

The interactional framework of leadership interaction includes

A)Followers,leaders and situations
B)Individuals,groups and organizations
C)Individual followers,groups and leaders
D)First-level supervisors,mid-level managers and top-level leaders

Question 7

When followers have had a say in the selection of a leader,they tend to have a heightened sense of psychological identification with the leader resulting in lowered expectations and demands.

Question 8

A leader may be given more latitude as a newcomer than as someone who is widely respected for a history of accomplishment.

Question 9

Leadership and management functions can be seen in the same person.

Question 10

Followers can often provide leaders with relevant information for good solutions to be implemented since they are often at the level where many organizational problems occur.

Question 11

Managers emphasize consistency and predictability in follower behavior.

Question 12

Studying the characteristics of effective leaders is the best way to learn about leadership.

Question 13

Kotter described management in terms of coping with change and leadership in terms of coping with complexity.

Question 14

A leader's experience in a particular organization is usually not very important to her/his effectiveness.

Question 15

What is the unique contribution of the LMX theory?

A)It looks at just the personal characteristics of the leader
B)It looks at the nature of the relationship between the leader and his/her followers
C)It looks at the characteristics of the situation
D)It looks at the interaction between the leader and his/her followers

Question 16

Over time,the career aspirations of women have become more like the career aspirations of men.

Question 17

Leaders who emerge or are elected typically have greater credibility and greater loyalty from subordinates.

Question 18

Leaders

A)Tend to share many common characteristics
B)Are all alike
C)Are typically similar to their followers
D)Possess the same level of influence irrespective of their leadership styles

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Leaders have considerably more influence with out-group followers
B)Subordinates belonging to the out-group can be distinguished by their high degree of loyalty toward the leader
C)Leaders typically use different forms of influence in interacting with out-group members
D)Leaders use one form of power in interacting with in-group members

Question 20

Leaders have considerably more influence with in-group followers than with out-group followers.

Question 21

Leaders,as compared to managers,tend to assess their followers' performance

A)Less in terms of personal criteria
B)More in terms of specific criteria
C)Less in terms of holistic criteria
D)More in terms of idiosyncratic criteria

Question 22

As per the California Psychological Inventory,the lower scores for women with regard to their ratings of general well-being may reflect

A)The inadequacy of their support system for dealing with day-to-day issues of living
B)Their commitment to the organizations they work for is more guarded than that of men
C)Their willingness to take career risks associated with going to new areas of a company
D)The equally analytical,people-oriented,forceful nature of women the same as men

Question 23

Which of the following factors least prevents women from advancing to corporate leadership?

A)Women not being in the pipeline long enough
B)Exclusion from informal networks
C)Inhospitable corporate culture
D)Lack of significant line experience

Question 24

Leaders

A)Tend to accept the definitions of situations presented to them
B)Encourage growth and development in their followers in ways broader than mere job training
C)Emphasize routinization and control of followers' behavior
D)Motivate followers more with extrinsic,even contractual consequences,both positive and negative

Question 25

Leaders who are appointed by superiors

A)Need to be sensitive to their constituencies
B)Always have credibility with subordinates
C)Are better able to influence a group toward goal achievement
D)Have the loyalty of the organization's subordinates

Question 26

All the following are reasons for dynamic changes in leader-follower relationship,except

A)Companies' downsizing increasing managers' span of control
B)Increasing pressure on all kinds of organizations to function with reduced resources
C)A decentralized authority in organizations
D)A trend toward lesser power sharing in organizations

Question 27

What term did Rosener coin to describe how some women leaders encouraged participation and shared power and information,but went far beyond what is commonly thought of as participative management?

A)Autocratic leadership
B)Laissez faire leadership
C)Interactive leadership
D)Transactional leadership

Question 28

Encouraging innovation,growth and development and redefined tasks and responsibilities best describes a

A)Leader
B)Manager
C)Manager in a later stage of development
D)Leader-manager integrated role

Question 29

According to a recent study,one of the general factors that explains the shift toward more women leaders is that women themselves have changed.How is this evident?

A)A trend toward less stereotypically masculine characterizations of leadership
B)Women's aspirations and attitudes have become more similar to those of men over time
C)A legislation prohibiting gender-based discrimination at work
D)Changes in organizational norms that put a higher priority on results than an "old boy" network

Question 30

The change in organizational practices can be attributed to

A)Appointing women to leadership positions,which is a departure from past practices
B)The fact that womens' attitudes have become similar to those of men
C)Womens' self-reports of traits such as assertiveness
D)Legislation prohibiting gender-based discrimination at work

Question 31

According to popular literature and some social scientific literature of the role of women in management,women are depicted as leaders who,when compared to men,are

A)Less competitive
B)Less empathic
C)More analytical
D)More people-oriented

Question 32

Schein's classic study of sex roles

A)Evidenced the fact that being a woman and being a manager are a contradiction in terms
B)Found a high correlation between the ways both male and female respondents perceived "female" and "manager"
C)Demonstrated how bias in sex role stereotypes created problems for women moving up through managerial roles
D)Found no correlation between the ways the respondents perceived "males" and managers"

Question 33

Leaders redefine the parameters of tasks and responsibilities,both for individual followers and for the entire group by all the following ways except

A)Taking a short-term perspective
B)Actively change the situations they are in
C)Through accentuating critical values
D)By marshaling energy to cope with some new threat

Question 34

Most male CEOs attribute the paucity of women in corporate leadership roles to which of the following?

A)Exclusion from informal networks
B)Women not in pipeline long enough
C)Male stereotyping and preconceptions
D)Inadequacies in the quality of experience for the top spots

Question 35

According to a survey research by Judith Rosener,in terms of their leadership experiences,

A)Women tended to describe themselves in transactional terms
B)Men tended to describe themselves in somewhat transformational terms
C)Men influenced others primarily in terms of personal characteristics
D)Women helped subordinates develop commitment for broader goals than their own self-interest

Question 36

A trend toward less stereotypically masculine characterizations of leadership is representative of the fact that

A)Leadership roles have changed
B)Women themselves have changed
C)Organizational practices have changed
D)Culture has changed

Question 37

The symbolic message often intended by appointment of women to important leadership positions is evidence of the fact that

A)Culture has changed
B)Women themselves have changed
C)Leadership roles have changed
D)Organizational practices have changed

Question 38

What is the major factor that prevents senior female executives from advancing to corporate leadership?

A)Lack of significant general management
B)Male stereotyping and preconceptions
C)Inhospitable corporate culture
D)Exclusion from informal networks

Question 39

Women leaders' interactive leadership style developed

A)Due to their socialization experiences and career paths
B)Because of exchanges with subordinates for services rendered
C)By influencing others primarily through their organizational position and authority
D)Because of their organizational position

Question 40

Leaders

A)Work hard for cooperation
B)Give clear direction
C)Give overlapping and ambiguous assignments
D)Focus on control and results

Question 41

What three components did Fiedler use to develop his contingency model of leadership?

Question 42

Adaptive problems can be solved

A)Only by experts
B)Only by changing the system itself
C)Using currently existing resources
D)Using current ways of thinking

Question 43

Which of the following statements concerning the manager's role in manager-follower-situation interactions is true?

A)Managers tend to reject the definitions of situations presented to them
B)Managers tend to assign broader rather than narrower tasks for followers to perform
C)Managers assess their followers' performance in terms of fairly general job descriptions
D)Managers make sure followers conform to policies or procedures

Question 44

Describe three specific dimensions or sub-categories of the follower element of the interactional framework.

Question 45

Compare and contrast technical problems and adaptive problems.

Question 46

Identify in-group subordinates.

Question 47

Only ____ can solve adaptive problems.

A)Leadership
B)Effective management practices
C)Standard behaviors of people
D)Habitual behaviors of people

Question 48

Finding solutions to problems which involve others' values requires the active engagement of their hearts and minds not just the leader's.This requires

A)Authoritarian leadership
B)Influential leadership
C)Adaptive leadership
D)Participative leadership

Question 49

Explain the Leader-Member Exchange theory and its unique contribution.

Question 50

Briefly define Rosener's concept of interactive leadership and explain its development.

Question 51

Explain the difference between appointed leaders and elected/emergent leaders and the relationships they each have with their followers.

Question 52

Identify three specific dimensions or sub-categories of the leader element of the interactional framework.

Question 53

Leadership must always be assessed in the context of

A)The leader,the followers and the manager
B)The leader and the followers
C)The leader and the manager
D)The leader,the followers and the situation

Question 54

Compare and contrast leaders and managers in terms of the interactions they have with followers and situations.

Question 55

Write a short note on the interactional framework for analyzing leadership.