Deck 32: Plant Form and Function

Question 1

In a mature tree,the point where the bark can be peeled off the wood is where the ________________ lies.

A) secondary xylem
B) periderm
C) cork cambium
D) vascular cambium

Answer 1

D

Question 2

__________________ cells provide support for plant organs in which secondary growth has not yet occurred and are alive at maturity.

A) Parenchyma
B) Collenchyma
C) Sclerenchyma
D) Meristem

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Just beneath the upper epidermis of a leaf is one or more layers of closely packed column-like cells,called

A) palisade mesophyll.
B) the cuticle.
C) stipules.
D) spongy mesophyll.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Lateral branches may arise from

A) the leaf petiole.
B) the leaf axil.
C) the cortex of the stem.
D) the pith of the stem.

Question 5

The vascular bundles in the stem of a dicot plant are arranged in a ring.

Question 6

The __________________ is a waxy band surrounding endodermal cells in the root.

A) cortex
B) pericycle
C) root band
D) Casparian strip

Question 7

In plants,primary growth occurs at an active growth zone called a(n)

A) apical meristem.
B) lateral meristem.
C) internode.
D) cork cambium.

Question 8

Lateral roots arise from the

A) cortex.
B) pericycle.
C) root hairs.
D) Casparian strip.

Question 9

Leaf blades grow larger as a result of cell division in the

A) apical meristems.
B) marginal meristems.
C) lateral meristems.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 10

___________________ provide much of the support for plant organs in which secondary growth has not occurred,forming strands in leaf stalks or along veins in leaves.

A) Sclerenchyma cells
B) Parenchyma cells
C) Tracheids
D) Collenchyma cells

Question 11

The ______________ of materials through the phloem occurs because of water pressure.

A) growth
B) mass flow
C) capillary action
D) turgor

Question 12

Phloem of angiosperms consists of ___________________ lined up end-to-end,forming tubes.

A) sieve cells
B) companion cells
C) sieve-tube members
D) tracheids

Question 13

The two leaflike organs which may flank the base of the petiole where it joins the stem are called

A) blade.
B) palisades.
C) stipules.
D) Casparian strips.
E) pericycle.

Question 14

Within the epidermis of leaves are ______________ through which gases,such as carbon dioxide and oxygen,pass.

A) vessel elements
B) trichomes
C) stomata
D) root hairs

Question 15

In a plant showing secondary growth,the phloem forms wood.

Question 16

The growth zone that gives rise to outer layers of bark on both root and shoots is the

A) vascular cambium.
B) cork cambium.
C) lateral meristem.
D) apical meristem.

Question 17

__________________ cells lack cytoplasm at maturity,are tough and thick-walled,and serve to strengthen tissues.

A) Parenchyma
B) Collenchyma
C) Sclerenchyma
D) Meristem

Question 18

In plants with _______________,root hairs are less abundant because these fungal filaments take over their function for the plant.

A) lichens
B) branch roots
C) mycorrhizae
D) two pericycles

Question 19

____________ are outgrowths of the epidermis that occur on the shoot.

A) Root hairs
B) Sieve cells
C) Tracheids
D) Trichomes

Question 20

The aboveground part of a vascular plant is called the shoot and the belowground part is called the

A) stem.
B) node.
C) root.
D) pith.

Question 21

The way water travels up the length of the stem is explained by the cohesion-adhesion-tension theory.

Question 22

The two principal types of conducting cells in the xylem are _________ and ________.

A) tracheids;vessel elements
B) sieve tubes;companion cells
C) sieve cells;sieve tube members
D) guard cells;tracheids
E) protoderm cells;pericycle cells

Question 23

____________ tissue comprises the outer protective cell layer in plants.

Question 24

Most plants acquire minerals from

A) rain.
B) air.
C) soil.
D) digested insects.

Question 25

Which of the following is a function of trichomes?

A) Regulate the temperature of the leaf
B) Regulate gas exchange in the leaf
C) Increase plant's ability to absorb minerals.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 26

The process by which water leaves a plant is called

A) tension.
B) translocation.
C) expiration.
D) transpiration.
E) exhalation.

Question 27

The growth zone that gives rise to thick accumulations of secondary xylem and phloem is the

A) vascular cambium.
B) cork cambium.
C) lateral meristem.
D) apical meristem.

Question 28

____________ growth results primarily in the thickening of the plant body.

Question 29

Which type of vascular tissue conducts carbohydrates?

A) Collenchyma cells
B) Sclerids
C) Xylem
D) Phloem
E) Fibers

Question 30

You cut down a tree and count 23 annual rings in the trunk.You conclude that the tree is

A) most likely 23 years old.
B) probably 230 years old.
C) 46 years old.
D) this does not tell the age of the tree.
E) 12.5 years old.

Question 31

Stomata open and close because of changes in the water pressure of their ____________ cells.

Question 32

In woody plants,a layer called the ____________ consists of the cork,cork cambium,and a layer of parenchyma cells.

Question 33

The movement of water up through a plant is a passive process that requires no energy expenditure by the plant.

Question 34

Which of the following keeps water from moving between cells and forces the water to pass through the endodermal cells?

A) Cortex
B) Pericycle
C) Root band
D) Casparian strip

Question 35

Which of the following form the gritty texture you feel in the flesh of pears?

A) Collenchyma cells
B) Fibers
C) Tracheids
D) Sclereids

Question 36

The only function of meristems is

A) to provide strength.
B) energy production.
C) to divide.
D) to elongate.
E) transport of nutrients.

Question 37

___________ is a type of vascular tissue that conducts water.

Question 38

The innermost portion of a dicot stem contains __________.

A) vascular bundles
B) pith
C) endoderm
D) xylem
E) phloem

Question 39

Which of the following cells is living but their nuclei are lost during maturation?

A) Companion cells
B) Sieve cells
C) Guard cells
D) Collenchyma
E) Meristem cells

Question 40

In many monocot leaves,the veins are parallel,but in most dicots,the pattern of veins is

A) perpendicular.
B) pinnate.
C) palmate.
D) whorled.
E) reticulate.

Question 41

The stalk of a leaf is called the _______________.

Question 42

Specialized parenchyma cells,known as ________________ cells,occur in association with sieve-tube members.

Question 43

Explain how plants are able to raise water to great heights at the top of the tree.

Question 44

How do plants regulate water loss?

Question 45

___________ is accumulated secondary xylem.

Question 46

In a dicot root,the cylinder of one or more cell layers that surrounds the column of vascular tissue and forms its outer boundary is called the ________________.

Question 47

What causes the annual rings we see in the wood of trees?

Question 48

Leaflets are part of a more complex leaf called a __________ leaf.

Question 49

Describe the primary growth of a stem and explain how growth of lateral shoots is suppressed.