Deck 26: The Path of Food Through the Animal Body

Question 1

The pancreatic hormones regulate levels of ______ in the blood.

A) oxygen
B) insulin
C) glucose
D) glycogen

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The first site of starch breakdown in the digestive system is

A) in the small intestines.
B) in the stomach.
C) the mouth.
D) the esophagus.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which is incorrect concerning the large intestine?

A) It is about 1 meter long.
B) Its major function is to store solid waste.
C) Many bacteria live there and produce gas.
D) It is lined with villi.
E) It absorbs some water.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Fats have __________ calories per gram,while carbohydrates and proteins both have __________ calories per gram.

A) 9.3;4.1
B) 4.1;9.3
C) 10;5
D) 17.6;6.5

Question 5

Essential organic substances that are used in only tiny amounts by the body are called

A) trace elements.
B) hormones.
C) vitamins.
D) minerals.

Question 6

Microvilli are present to increase the area available for absorption in the

A) small intestine.
B) large intestine.
C) stomach.
D) gallbladder.

Question 7

An example of a trace element in the diet is

A) cobalt.
B) carbohydrates.
C) protein.
D) calcium.

Question 8

The first site of protein digestion in the digestive system is

A) in the small intestines.
B) in the stomach.
C) the mouth.
D) the esophagus.

Question 9

Which substance emulsifies fats in the small intestine?

A) Bicarbonate
B) Bile
C) Digestive enzymes
D) Hydrochloric acid
E) Chymotrypsin

Question 10

Rodents and rabbits have evolved an efficient method of digesting cellulose that involves

A) a special structure called a rumen.
B) eating their feces.
C) production of vitamin K.
D) an abundance of stomach microorganisms.

Question 11

The second part of the small intestine is the ____________.

A) ileum
B) duodenum
C) jejunum

Question 12

Animals that consume both plant material and other animals are called

A) herbivores.
B) carnivores.
C) omnivores.
D) detritivores.

Question 13

______ is secreted by the pancreas to neutralize acid in chyme.

A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Bile
C) Chymotrypsin
D) Insulin
E) Bicarbonate

Question 14

Most digestion and the major site of absorption is in the

A) cecum.
B) colon.
C) small intestine.
D) large intestine.

Question 15

Within the stomach lining,special cells secrete substances to aid digestion.Which type of cells secrete hydrochloric acid?

A) Parietal cells
B) Chief cells
C) Enteroendocrine cells
D) Mucous cells

Question 16

Bile is made in the _________ and stored in the _________.

A) stomach;liver
B) liver;gallbladder
C) cecum;appendix
D) rectum;pancreas
E) pancreas;gallbladder

Question 17

The innermost layer of the vertebrate digestive tract is called the ____________ and consists of an epithelium that lines the lumen.

A) serosa
B) muscularis
C) mucosa
D) submucosa

Question 18

Which section of the small intestine is devoted to absorbing water and the products of digestion into the bloodstream?

A) Ileum
B) Duodenum
C) Jejunum

Question 19

The __________ secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate solution into the small intestine to aid digestion.

A) liver
B) gallbladder
C) spleen
D) pancreas

Question 20

The USDA's nutrition plate indicates that as a guideline,about __________ of your dietary plate should contain fruits and vegetables.

A) 25%
B) 75%
C) 33%
D) 50%

Question 21

The portion of tooth that projects above the gums is called the

A) dentin.
B) pulp.
C) crown.
D) enamel.
E) cementum.

Question 22

The arrival of ________ in the duodenum triggers the release of bile by the gallbladder.

A) carbohydrates
B) protein
C) vitamins
D) fats
E) minerals

Question 23

In horses and rabbits,the digestion of cellulose takes place in the ____________.

A) stomach
B) anus
C) rumen
D) cecum
E) large intestine

Question 24

The most primitive digestive tract is seen in ________.

A) nematodes
B) earthworms
C) salamanders
D) birds
E) insects

Question 25

It is possible to determine the nature of an animal's diet just by looking at the teeth of the animal.

Question 26

A vitamin C deficiency causes

A) pellagra.
B) rickets.
C) pernicious anemia.
D) beriberi.
E) scurvy.

Question 27

Which animal has a multi-chambered stomach?

A) Rabbit
B) Cow
C) Horse
D) Insect
E) Fish

Question 28

Pepsinogen is made by ________ cells of the _________.

A) Langerhans;pancreas
B) bile;liver
C) parietal;stomach
D) chief;stomach
E) mucous;large intestine

Question 29

The islets of Langerhans are in the ________ and produce ________.

A) pancreas;insulin
B) stomach;hydrochloric acid
C) stomach;intrinsic factor
D) mouth;saliva
E) liver;bile

Question 30

No digestion occurs within the large intestine.

Question 31

HCl is synthesized by __________ cells in the stomach.

A) parietal
B) gastric
C) chief
D) mucous

Question 32

Birds have a ________ which contains small pebbles that grind up seeds and other hard plant material.

A) throat
B) small intestine
C) gizzard
D) cecum
E) bladder

Question 33

Cnidarians digest their food intracellularly.

Question 34

Which of the following would constitute a healthy BMI?

A) 38
B) 20
C) 16
D) 27

Question 35

A layer of calcified tissue called _______ surrounds the pulp cavity of a tooth.

A) pulp
B) enamel
C) dentin
D) the crown
E) cementum

Question 36

Which mammal is able to synthesize all the vitamin C (ascorbic acid)it needs?

A) humans
B) monkeys
C) dogs
D) guinea pigs
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 37

Fermentation occurs in a chamber called the rumen in ________.

A) cows
B) rabbits
C) rodents
D) horses

Question 38

Which of the following can be absorbed in the large intestine?

A) Some amino acids
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin D
D) Calcium
E) Bile

Question 39

Which is incorrect concerning ulcers?

A) More than 90% are in the duodenum.
B) They may occur when excess acid damages tissue.
C) Susceptibility is increased by an infection with Helicobacter pylori.
D) Antibiotics can cure an ulcer.
E) Ulcers can occur if bile fails to neutralize the acidic chyme that enters the duodenum.

Question 40

Blood leaving the stomach and intestine goes directly to the ________.

A) heart
B) kidneys
C) liver
D) gallbladder
E) pancreas

Question 41

Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the ________________.

Question 42

Heterotrophs that are meat eaters are termed ____________.

Question 43

Explain why birds do not need teeth to "chew."

Question 44

Determine your BMI and explain its meaning.

Question 45

Humans cannot synthesize certain amino acids and must obtain them in the diet.

Question 46

What is the purpose of the bicarbonate solution released by the pancreas into the small intestine?

Question 47

Food moves through the digestive system with the aid of ______________,special muscular contractions of the food tube.

Question 48

The digestive tube leading from the mouth to the stomach is the ________________.

Question 49

A function of the pancreas is to remove toxins,pesticides,and other poisons from the blood.

Question 50

In the small intestine,each of the cells covering a villus is covered on its outer surface with projections called ________________.

Question 51

A gastrovascular cavity is an example of a digestive cavity with one opening.

Question 52

How is the low pH of the stomach produced,and in what two ways does the low pH help with protein digestion?