Deck 21: Behavior and the Environment

Question 1

This behavioral ecologist pioneered study of seagull nesting behavior.

A) Lorenz
B) Timbergen
C) Wilson
D) Von Frisch

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Animals navigate by using two senses.One is called map sense and the other is called compass sense.Map sense is ____________;compass sense is ____________.

A) the learned ability to move in a particular direction;an innate ability to adjust a bearing depending on the animal's location.
B) the learned ability to adjust a bearing depending on the animal's location;an innate ability to move in a particular direction.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Animals defend their territory in a behavior called territoriality.In territoriality,an animal defends

A) its entire home range.
B) a portion of its home range.
C) only the overlapping components of its home range.
D) all of its home range except the overlapped areas.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A type of learning in which there is a decrease in the response to a repeated stimulus is

A) operant conditioning.
B) imprinting.
C) conditional.
D) habituation.

Question 5

The appearance of an egg outside of a goose's nest is called

A) an innate releasing mechanism.
B) a fixed action pattern.
C) imprinting.
D) sign stimulus.

Question 6

Vertebrate societies are NOT as rigidly organized and cohesive as invertebrate societies.

Question 7

A type of selection that favors altruism directed towards relatives is called

A) kin selection.
B) sexual selection.
C) group selection.
D) mate selection.

Question 8

Young birds see objects flying overhead and respond by crouching down into the nest and remaining still.Over time some objects become familiar and the young birds do not crouch down.This type of learning is referred to as

A) sensitization.
B) associative learning.
C) operant conditioning.
D) habituation.

Question 9

The simplest type of learning is called _____ learning.

A) associated
B) classical
C) nonassociative
D) operant

Question 10

A goose attempts to retrieve an egg that is removed from the nest.This is an example of

A) a sign stimulus.
B) imprinting.
C) a fixed action pattern.
D) kin selection.

Question 11

During the mating season,male stickleback fish will respond to clay models with red bellies.The red belly

A) is a fixed action stimulus.
B) is a sign stimulus.
C) is innate releasing stimulus.
D) results in an operant conditioning response.

Question 12

Optimal foraging theory predicts

A) that animals will select the most nutritious foods.
B) that animals will select the best times to forage for the most nutritious foods.
C) that animals will select whatever foods are available to avoid traveling too far from their home range.
D) that animals will select food items that maximize their net energy intake per unit of foraging time.

Question 13

Sexual selection leads to

A) the evolution of nesting activities between the two parents.
B) the evolution of structures in males that are used in combat with other males.
C) the evolution of polygyny in territorial animals.
D) the evolution of novel parental care possibilities.

Question 14

Which of the following scientists studied bees and their communications.

A) Lorenz
B) Timbergen
C) Wilson
D) Von Frisch

Question 15

If a scientist is conducting an observation on animal behavior,for example,how an animal's nervous system coordinates a behavior,she would be asking about the

A) sign stimulus.
B) innate releasing mechanism.
C) fixed action pattern.
D) ethnological causation.

Question 16

Behavior can be described in terms of how it is produced,also called the ____________ cause,and also in terms of why it evolved and what the adaptive value of the behavior is,called the ____________ cause.

A) proximate;ultimate
B) proximate;cognitive
C) ultimate;proximate
D) ultimate;conditioned

Question 17

The following question addresses the three mating systems of animals.Select the choice that correctly describes each system.One male mates with one female ___________;one male mates with more than one female _________;one female mates with more than one male __________.

A) monogamy;polyandry;polygyny
B) monogamy;polygyny;polyandry
C) polygyny;polyandry;monogany
D) polyandry;polygyny;monogamy

Question 18

Having information and responding in a manner that suggests thinking is an example of animal behavior called

A) cognitive behavior.
B) territoriality.
C) maternal behavior.
D) reciprocity.

Question 19

Which of the following scientists studied ducklings and their reaction to him after hatching from their eggs?

A) Lorenz
B) Timbergen
C) Wilson
D) Von Frisch

Question 20

The field of behavior that addresses the function of the behavior and how natural selection has shaped the behavior is called

A) behavioral ecology.
B) sociobiology.
C) ethology.
D) knockout research.

Question 21

The field of _____ focuses on the study of animal behavior in natural conditions.

Question 22

___________ learning is a change in behavior that involves an association between two stimuli,or between a stimulus and a response.

Question 23

An example of altruism is an animal alerting other members of his group that a predator is near even though it puts him in danger.

Question 24

When Pavlov's dog salivated after hearing a bell,this is called

A) operant conditioning.
B) classical conditioning.
C) nonassociative learning.
D) habituation.

Question 25

Human infants have an innate ability to be able to learn any of the 40 consonant sounds present in human languages.

Question 26

___________ is the performance of an action that benefits another individual at a cost to the actor.

Question 27

Long range two-way movement behavior in animals is termed ___________.

Question 28

Behavior can be defined as the way an animal responds to a ________ in its environment.

Question 29

How an animal forages can be influenced by whether predators are around.

Question 30

Infants born blind will not smile or frown because they have never seen anyone exhibit these expressions.

Question 31

Which is not correct about genetic effects on behavior?

A) In mice,the fosB gene acts as an innate releasing mechanism.
B) Mice with a normal fosB gene will initially inspect their young but then ignore them.
C) Identical twins are a good model system to study the influence of genes on behavior.
D) When two species of lovebirds that differ in the way they carry twigs were mated,their offspring showed an intermediate phenotype.

Question 32

When migrating,an inexperienced animal will rely on compass sense,while an experienced animal will rely more on map sense.

Question 33

A scout honeybee communicates information about a food source to its hive mates using a ____________ dance.

Question 34

Using their dance language,honeybees can indicate both the direction and ___________ of a food source.

A) odor
B) energy content
C) color
D) distance

Question 35

As an animal matures,it may form preferences or social attachments to other individuals.This is referred to as ________.

Question 36

An innate ability to move in a particular direction is called

A) map sense.
B) compass sense.
C) timely sense.
D) direction sense.

Question 37

Trial-and-error learning where an animal learns to associate its behavioral response with a reward or punishment is known as

A) operant conditioning.
B) classical conditioning.
C) nonassociative learning.
D) habituation.

Question 38

A ____________ template allows male white-crowned sparrows that heard no song during development to sing a poorly developed song as adults,but _____________ allows male white-crowned sparrows that heard the song of their species plus that of other species to produce a normal song as adults.

A) cognitive;conditioning
B) conditioned;cognitive
C) genetic;learning
D) learned;genetics

Question 39

When Green sea turtles travel over 1400 miles of open ocean to the Ascension Island,they are exhibiting

A) map sense.
B) compass sense.
C) timely sense.
D) direction sense.

Question 40

Ample evidence suggests that all animals respond to their environment through instinct and simple innately programmed learning and do not display cognitive behavior.

Question 41

Discuss the benefits of mate choice.

Question 42

Discuss the difference between home range and territory.

Question 43

Give an example for each of the following types of communication within social groups.Alarm calls;Trail pheromones;Dance language.

Question 44

List three examples and give details explaining each regarding animal cognition.

Question 45

The study of the genetic basis of human social behaviors and the evolution of these social behaviors is called ____________.

Question 46

Selection that favors altruism directed towards relatives is referred to as _________.

Question 47

_____________ can be thought of as NOT responding to a stimulus.

Question 48

Discuss optimal foraging theory.