Deck 18: Evolution of Animals

Question 1

Cnidarians and ctenophorans differ from other eumetazoans by having

A) radial symmetry.
B) bilateral symmetry.
C) major organ systems.
D) gills.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Arthropods cannot grow to a very large size because

A) they lack a skeleton.
B) jointed appendages impose size limitations.
C) their ability to move is limited.
D) chitin is brittle and cannot support great weight.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The type of body cavity seen in the roundworms that develops between mesoderm and endoderm layers is a

A) coelom.
B) pseudocoel.
C) mantle.
D) acoelom.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Chordates can be characterized as having

A) a notochord.
B) a nerve cord.
C) bilateral symmetry.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Which is incorrect about cnidarians?

A) They exist as medusae and/or polyps.
B) They exhibit extracellular digestion.
C) They are herbivores that eat plankton only.
D) Medusae are commonly called jellyfish.
E) They exhibit radial symmetry.

Question 6

What group has a water vascular system,moves with tube feet,and has an endoskeleton?

A) Echinoderms
B) Arachnids
C) Crustaceans
D) Platyhelminthes

Question 7

Segmentation first evolved in the

A) flatworms.
B) annelids.
C) chordates.
D) vertebrates.

Question 8

Which term does NOT apply to solid worms,Platyhelminthes?

A) Bilateral symmetry
B) Acoelomate
C) Mostly parasitic
D) Notochord

Question 9

The advantage of bilateral symmetry is that it allowed for the evolution of

A) choanocytes.
B) a gastrovascular cavity.
C) a definite head region.
D) tissues.

Question 10

The first animal group to show extracellular digestion was the

A) sponges.
B) cnidarians.
C) flatworms.
D) roundworms.

Question 11

Of the mollusks,octopuses are in the group called

A) gastropods.
B) bivalves.
C) cephalopods.
D) deuterostomes.

Question 12

Which feature is not a characteristic of the animals?

A) Multicellular heterotrophs
B) Sexual reproduction
C) Embryonic development
D) Cell walls

Question 13

Of the mollusks,snails are in the class of

A) gastropods.
B) bivalves.
C) cephalopods.
D) crustaceans.

Question 14

The subkingdom of animals that lack symmetry and have no true tissues or organs is the

A) Eumetazoa.
B) Parazoa.
C) Chordata.
D) Vertebrata.

Question 15

Which phylum contains organisms whose body plan can be divided into a head,thorax,and abdomen?

A) Arthropoda
B) Annelida
C) Mollusca
D) Nematoda
E) Porifera

Question 16

The key evolutionary development seen for the first time in the sponges is that of

A) a complete digestive tract.
B) major organ systems.
C) body symmetry.
D) multicellularity.

Question 17

The function of the notochord is taken over by the ____________ in vertebrates.

A) brain
B) spinal cord
C) vertebral column
D) ribs

Question 18

Members of which group are NOT deuterostomes?

A) Chordates
B) Vertebrates
C) Echinoderms
D) Arthropods

Question 19

The phylum that shows the greatest diversity,or the greatest number of species,is

A) Arthropoda.
B) Nematoda.
C) Chordata.
D) Mollusca.

Question 20

Animals in which the anus develops before the mouth in the embryo are

A) coelomic.
B) protostomes.
C) deuterostomes.
D) pseudocoelomates.

Question 21

Amniotic eggs evolved as a means to

A) protect the embryo while the parent sits on the egg.
B) protect the embryo from predators.
C) allow the parent to gather food,not sit on the nest.
D) prevent the embryo from drying out.

Question 22

The very first vertebrates were

A) cartilaginous fish.
B) fishes with jaws.
C) fishes without jaws.
D) bony fish.

Question 23

An example of a modern-day jawless fish (agnathan)is a

A) lamprey.
B) shark.
C) perch.
D) skate.

Question 24

Which is incorrect about deuterostomes?

A) The commitment of embryonic cells to prescribed developmental pathways occurs later than in protostomes.
B) The blastopore becomes the animal's anus.
C) The archenteron outpockets to form coelom.
D) Embryonic cells cleave in a spiral pattern.

Question 25

All of the following were key characteristics that allowed amphibians to successfully invade land except

A) legs.
B) partially divided heart.
C) cutaneous respiration.
D) eyes.

Question 26

All of the following are correct about protostomes except

A) the developmental fate of each cell in the embryo is fixed when that cell first appears.
B) the blastopore becomes the animal's anus.
C) the mesoderm splits to form the coelom.
D) embryonic cells cleave in a spiral pattern.

Question 27

Which of the following represents the majority of arthropods?

A) Spiders
B) Crustaceans
C) Millipedes and centipedes
D) Insects

Question 28

Almost all of today's groups of animals evolved from marine creatures alive at the beginning of the

A) Cenozoic era.
B) Precambrian time.
C) Jurassic period.
D) Paleozoic era.

Question 29

You went scuba diving and brought back to the lab an animal that has bilateral symmetry,a true coelom,and is a deuterostome.What animal could this be?

A) Octopus
B) Sea anemone
C) Marine flatworm
D) Sea urchin
E) Jellyfish

Question 30

The type of fish represented by the most living species on earth today are the

A) sharks.
B) bony fishes.
C) rays and skates.
D) agnathans.

Question 31

Which feature of mollusks is a rasping tongue-like organ?

A) Gills
B) Mantle
C) Radula
D) Nephridium
E) Foot

Question 32

Free-living flatworms

A) do not have eyespots.
B) have a highly branched gut.
C) lack a digestive system and absorb their food through their body walls.
D) do not have a simple nervous system.

Question 33

The first vertebrates to invade land were

A) amphibians.
B) birds.
C) reptiles.
D) arthropods.

Question 34

Which of these is not a characteristic of fishes?

A) Gills
B) Nutritional deficiencies
C) Amniotic egg
D) Single-loop blood circulation

Question 35

Sand dollars,sea stars,sea cucumbers,and sea urchins all belong to the phylum

A) Cnidaria.
B) Nematoda.
C) Mollusca.
D) Echinodermata.
E) Arthropoda.

Question 36

Animal phylogenies based on molecular data divide the protostomes into those that molt,called ____________,and those that grow by adding mass to an existing body.

A) protozoans
B) parazoans
C) ecdysozoans
D) ctenophorans

Question 37

In all coelomates,the coelom develops entirely within the

A) endoderm.
B) mesoderm.
C) ectoderm.
D) mesoglea.

Question 38

You are at a restaurant and order the lobster for dinner.Your son yells,"No,don't eat that ________ please! "

A) cnidarian
B) annelid
C) arthropod
D) echinoderm
E) platyhelminthe

Question 39

Choose the largest block of time.

A) Era
B) Epoch
C) Period
D) Age

Question 40

Reproductive methods among the ____________ are the most advanced of any fish.

A) Chondrichthyes - sharks
B) Osteichthyes - bony fish
C) Agnathans - jawless fish
D) Cnidarians - jellyfish

Question 41

Bony fishes possess an operculum to

A) regulate oxygen concentrations in their blood.
B) cleanse the blood from toxins.
C) detect changes in water pressure.
D) pump water over the gills.
E) regulate their buoyancy.

Question 42

Most modern mammals are

A) marsupials.
B) monotremes.
C) placental mammals.

Question 43

Many scientists consider birds to basically be feathered dinosaurs.

Question 44

Which of the following has three middle ear bones?

A) Lizards
B) Dogs
C) Alligators
D) Crocodiles
E) Turtles

Question 45

The skeleton of sharks is made entirely of ____________,making them fast and maneuverable swimmers.

A) bone
B) muscle
C) cartilage
D) cnidocytes

Question 46

The first humans (genus Homo)evolved from ____________ about 2 million years ago.

A) H.erectus
B) Neanderthals
C) Australopithecus
D) H.sapiens

Question 47

Mammals that have live births but continue to incubate newborns in a pouch are

A) monotremes.
B) marsupials.
C) primates.
D) placentals.

Question 48

What is the likely explanation for the extinction of dinosaurs?

A) The earth was suddenly flooded with water.
B) Lightning storms started massive fires.
C) A meteor struck the earth sending clouds of soot that blocked the sunlight.
D) There was a severe drought.

Question 49

All mammals have three middle-ear bones which evolved from

A) bones in the reptile jaw.
B) pharyngeal cartilage.
C) bones of the skull.
D) the eye sockets.

Question 50

Animals with the kind of body cavity that forms between the endoderm and mesoderm,such as nematodes,are called

A) acoelomates.
B) pseudocoelomates.
C) coelomates.
D) semicoelomates.

Question 51

Which order do salamanders and newts belong to?

A) Apoda
B) Urodela
C) Anura
D) Osteichthyes
E) Monotremata

Question 52

The first type of symmetry to develop in animals is called ____________ and is seen in the cnidarians.

A) bilateral symmetry
B) radial symmetry
C) contralateral symmetry
D) medial symmetry

Question 53

Which of the following is the correct evolutionary sequence?

A) fish → birds → amphibians → reptiles
B) amphibians → fish → reptiles → birds
C) reptiles → birds → fish → amphibians
D) fish → amphibians → reptiles → birds
E) birds → reptiles → fish → amphibians

Question 54

Bony fishes possess a swim bladder to

A) regulate oxygen concentrations in their blood.
B) cleanse the blood from toxins.
C) detect changes in water pressure.
D) pump water over the gills.
E) regulate their buoyancy.

Question 55

All of the following are correct about birds except

A) they have a low body temperature.
B) they have thin,hollow bones.
C) they have large breast muscles.
D) they have a fused collarbone.
E) their feathers are derived from reptilian scales.

Question 56

Whales and dolphins have a few hairs on their snouts.

Question 57

Reptiles were better adapted to land than amphibians because they had

A) amniotic eggs.
B) jaws.
C) lungs.
D) legs.

Question 58

Modern Homo sapiens arose in:

A) Europe,the Neander Valley
B) Asia
C) North America
D) Africa

Question 59

Homo habilis differed from australopithecines in

A) stature.
B) having legs longer than arms.
C) skeletal structure.
D) brain volume.

Question 60

Bony fishes possess a lateral line system to

A) regulate oxygen concentrations in their blood.
B) cleanse the blood from toxins.
C) detect changes in water pressure.
D) pump water over the gills.
E) regulate their buoyancy.

Question 61

The three distinct cell layers that form in an embryo are the ectoderm,_____________________ and ___________________.

Question 62

Which of our ancestors was "handy man?"

A) Australopithecus afarensis
B) Australopithecus anamensis
C) Homo habilis
D) Homo erectus

Question 63

Which species of human survived longer than any other species of human?

A) Homo erectus
B) Homo sapiens
C) Homo habilis
D) Neanderthals

Question 64

The beating flagella of unique flagellated cells in sponges called ____________ draw water through the sponge,allowing the sponge to filter-feed.

Question 65

The first evidence of the ability to talk was seen in

A) Homo habilis.
B) Homo erectus.
C) Australopithecus.
D) Neanderthals.

Question 66

Fish breathe using ___________ while reptiles breathe using __________.

Question 67

An advantage that deuterostomes have over protostomes is that the developmental fate of each embryonic cell is fixed when that cell first appears.

Question 68

The ____________________ made diverse tools,including spearheads and hand axes,lived in huts or caves,and were the closest evolutionary relatives of modern humans.

Question 69

The milk-producing glands of mammals are called ______________________ glands.

Question 70

Bony fishes have a sensory system located along the sides of their bodies called the ____________________________.

Question 71

Which is incorrect about Neanderthals?

A) They made diverse tools.
B) They abruptly disappeared from the fossil record about 34,000 years ago.
C) They likely interbred with the modern humans that replaced them.
D) They spread across Siberia to North America.

Question 72

Monotremes,marsupials,and ____________ mammals are the three main groups of modern mammals.

Question 73

About 300 million years ago,amphibians gave rise to a more successful group of land dwellers,the ______________.

Question 74

Bodies which have a right half and a left half show ________________ symmetry.

Question 75

The ability of a sponge cell to identify other such sponge cells is called cell ______________________.

Question 76

Bony fishes evolved a ________________________ to help keep them afloat.

Question 77

Evolution of segmentation in animals preceded further developments,such as

A) more effective locomotion.
B) appendages.
C) survival if one segment is damaged.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 78

According to molecular analyses,the animal group called __________________ includes the lophotrochozoa and ecdysozoa.

Question 79

The sixth mass extinction event is due to the activity of _____.

Question 80

The type of cleavage seen in deuterostomes is called _____________ cleavage.