Deck 11: DNA: The Genetic Material

Question 1

When Frederick Griffith infected mice with S.pneumoniae that lacked a capsule,the mice

A) remained healthy.
B) died of blood poisoning.
C) became ill but lived.
D) reproduced quicker.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Hershey and Chase tagged the DNA of viruses with radioactive phosphorus,and their protein coats with radioactive sulfur.When the viruses were allowed to infect bacteria,what did the viruses transfer to the bacteria?

A) Radioactive phosphorus and sulfur
B) Radioactive sulfur
C) DNA
D) Protein

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Why did the mice become ill when injected with a mixture of dead S bacteria and live,capsuleless R bacteria?

A) RNA was passed from the live R bacteria to the dead S bacteria,bringing them back to life.
B) RNA was passed from the dead virulent S bacteria to the live nonvirulent R bacteria.
C) DNA was passed from the dead virulent S bacteria to the live nonvirulent R bacteria.
D) Protein was passed from the dead virulent S bacteria to the live nonvirulent R bacteria.
E) The virulent S bacteria were not 100% dead and so were still able to make the mice ill.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The significance of the Griffith,Avery,and Hershey-Chase experiments was that they demonstrated that

A) genes were located on chromosomes.
B) enzymes transformed bacteria.
C) proteins were what genes were composed of.
D) DNA was the molecule of heredity.

Question 5

All of the following are correct about DNA replication except

A) DNA polymerase is the enzyme that adds nucleotides to one another.
B) DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction.
C) Helicase is the enzyme which rewinds the DNA after replication is finished.
D) DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to an existing strand.
E) The lagging strand has many primers.

Question 6

When Frederick Griffith infected mice with a virulent strain of Streptococcus pneumonia,the mice

A) remained healthy.
B) died of blood poisoning.
C) became ill but lived.
D) reproduced quicker.

Question 7

A plant species has its DNA analyzed.The results show that 28% of its nitrogen bases are guanine.What is the percent represented by thymine?

A) 28 %
B) 24 %
C) 23 %
D) 22 %

Question 8

Which scientists' work first suggested that DNA had the shape of a helix?

A) Wilkins and Franklin
B) Watson and Crick
C) Hershey and Chase
D) Avery,Macleod,and McCarty
E) Campbell and Wilmut

Question 9

Based on which of the following pieces of evidence about the transforming agent did Avery conclude that DNA is the hereditary material?

A) The transforming material had the same elements as DNA.
B) The transforming material was not destroyed by protein-digesting enzymes.
C) The transforming material was destroyed by DNA-digesting enzymes.
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 10

Meselson and Stahl proved that

A) DNA is the genetic material.
B) DNA is made from nucleotides.
C) DNA replicates in a semiconservative manner.
D) DNA contains nitrogen.

Question 11

The building blocks of DNA are called

A) proteins.
B) bases.
C) nucleotides.
D) acids.

Question 12

Which choice describes how the DNA molecule replicates?

A) Semiconservative
B) Dispersive
C) Conservative
D) Either dispersive or semiconservative depending on the pH
E) Either dispersive or conservative depending on the organism.

Question 13

Which scientists determined that DNA synthesis is semiconservative?

A) Rosalind Franklin
B) Martha Chase and Frederick Griffith
C) James Waston and Francis Crick
D) Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl
E) Rachel Carson and Oswald Avery

Question 14

Which scientists are credited for deducing the true structure of DNA?

A) Wilkins and Franklin
B) Martha Chase and Frederick Griffith
C) James Watson and Francis Crick
D) Rachel Carson and Oswald Avery

Question 15

When Griffith injected a mixture of dead S bacteria and live,capsuleless R bacteria,the mice

A) remained healthy.
B) died of blood poisoning.
C) became ill but lived.
D) reproduced quicker.

Question 16

When Frederick Griffith injected dead bacteria of the virulent S strain into mice,the mice

A) remained healthy.
B) died of blood poisoning.
C) became ill but lived.
D) reproduced quicker.

Question 17

The enzyme that joins the ends of newly synthesized segments of DNA after the primers have been removed is

A) DNA ligase.
B) DNA polymerase.
C) helicase.
D) primase.
E) RNA ligase.

Question 18

Which is incorrect about the bases in nucleic acids?

A) The large bases are the purines.
B) Purines always pair with pyrimidines.
C) A = T and G = C
D) Hydrogen bonds form between base pairs.
E) The purines are thymine and cytosine.

Question 19

How many carbon atoms does deoxyribose have?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
E) 8

Question 20

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence ATTGCAT,its complementary strand will have the sequence

A) ATTGCAT.
B) TAACGTA.
C) GCCATGC.
D) CGGTACG.

Question 21

Which type of mutation could have the biggest evolutionary consequence?

A) A mutation in a lung cell
B) A mutation in a kidney cell
C) A mutation in a stomach cell
D) A mutation in a germ-line cell

Question 22

The structure of DNA is called a

A) alpha helix.
B) beta helix.
C) double helix.
D) triple helix.

Question 23

All of the following are correct about mutations except

A) without mutations,there would be no variation and no evolution.
B) mutations change the bases in DNA.
C) a mutation in a somatic cell will be passed on to subsequent generations.
D) some mutations change the nucleotide sequence of a gene.
E) some mutations remove nucleotides from a gene.

Question 24

If a mutation involves only one or a few base pairs,it is called a(n)

A) minor mutation.
B) point mutation.
C) recombination.
D) inactivation.
E) inconsequential mutation.

Question 25

The copying of DNA before cell division is referred to as DNA ___________________.

Question 26

The Hershey-Chase experiment demonstrated that protein,not DNA,is the hereditary material.

Question 27

A change in the genetic message is called a ____________.

Question 28

Which is correct about DNA replication?

A) The strand made continuously is the lagging strand.
B) DNA polymerase adds nucleotides in the 3' to 5' direction.
C) DNA polymerase can build DNA from scratch.
D) The place where the parent DNA becomes unzipped and replication begins is called the replication fork.
E) DNA is made conservatively.

Question 29

The two strands of DNA are said to be __________ to one another,meaning the sequence of bases on one chain completely determines the sequence of bases on the other chain.

Question 30

What is meant by "semiconservative replication"?

Question 31

If an error is made during DNA replication,mechanisms of DNA repair always correct the mistakes.

Question 32

When the reading of a gene has been thrown out of register,a __________ has occurred.

A) transposition
B) frame-shift mutation
C) transition
D) base substitution
E) chromosomal deletion

Question 33

Each strand in the double helix is identical to the opposite strand.

Question 34

If the sequence of one strand of DNA is CATTACGGG,then the complementary strand would be GTAATGCCC.

Question 35

In his experiments,Griffith found that transformation occurs naturally in bacteria.Explain how Griffith found this out.

Question 36

The place where the parent DNA molecule becomes unzipped for replication is called the ___________________.

Question 37

Which of the following is not an example of a point mutation?

A) deletion
B) insertion
C) substitution
D) chromosomal rearrangement
E) frame-shift mutation

Question 38

A base substitution will lead to a frame-shift mutation.

Question 39

The amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine,and the amount of guanine always equals the amount of cytosine.

Question 40

All of the following can cause mutation except

A) UV light.
B) mistakes in DNA replication.
C) centrifuging.
D) cigarette smoke.
E) toxic chemicals.

Question 41

Why are deletions or insertions of nucleotides likely to be more detrimental than base substitutions?