Deck 20: Democracy and Empire

Question 1

Supporters of the new People's Party founded in 1890 called themselves __________.

A) Populists
B) Grangers
C) Patrons of Husbandry
D) Socialists

Answer 1

Populists

Question 2

The Granger movement collapsed when __________.

A) local communities rioted against their mixed-race meetings
B) their bills failed to be passed by state legislatures
C) the depression of the 1870s wiped out their programs
D) their cooperative purchasing scheme did not interest farmers

Answer 2

the depression of the 1870s wiped out their programs

Question 3

Frederick Jackson Turner argued that, with the closing of the frontier, Americans __________.

A) should devote themselves to improving their own society
B) should embrace Populist reforms
C) required a new frontier outside America
D) had no need for new challenges

Answer 3

required a new frontier outside America

Question 4

The march of Jacob S. Coxey's Army on Washington was an attempt to force the federal government to respond to __________.

A) spoils and corruption
B) railroad rates
C) controlling drinking
D) the depression of 1893

Question 5

The town of Pullman, Illinois, was an example of __________.

A) an American small town
B) a union shop
C) a utopian commune
D) a model industrial community

Question 6

The Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 to regulate __________.

A) trade unions
B) monopolistic trusts
C) multinational corporations
D) railroads

Question 7

After being jailed for his part in the Pullman strike, Eugene V. Debs became a __________.

A) socialist
B) Democrat
C) Republican
D) communist

Question 8

Once in office, McKinley __________.

A) supported business and expansionist interests
B) abandoned the gold standard
C) promoted regulation of business
D) enacted moderate versions of Populist reforms

Question 9

Passage of the Judiciary Act of 1891 indicated __________.

A) a bipartisan effort to appoint honest judges to the federal courts system
B) the Supreme Court's desire to control big business
C) the U.S. Supreme Court would take on fewer cases with the creation of courts of appeals
D) voters wanted to curb the power of the federal courts system

Question 10

Josiah Strong was a fierce advocate of an "imperialism of __________."

A) the future
B) the strong
C) racism
D) righteousness

Question 11

In general, the presidents of the last quarter of the nineteenth century __________.

A) lacked luster and accomplished little
B) dominated politics and their parties
C) used their office to enrich themselves
D) increased the power of the presidency and controlled Congress

Question 12

Ida B. Wells won little white support with her crusade against __________.

A) lynching
B) school segregation
C) limiting black voting rights
D) anti-Irish violence

Question 13

Grover Cleveland's support for the gold standard resulted in __________.

A) Republican and Populist calls for currency change
B) a surge in support for Populists in the Northeast
C) William Jennings Bryan's "cross of gold" speech
D) massive losses for congressional Democrats

Question 14

After McKinley became president, __________.

A) the United States renounced all claims to Hawai'i
B) Congress voted to annex Hawai'i at McKinley's urging
C) Lili'uokalani was reinstated as queen
D) Congress voted overwhelmingly to reject annexation

Question 15

The social gospel movement was __________.

A) an attempt to apply Christian ideals to social ills
B) a justification of upper society using Christian principles to promote their own interests
C) a forerunner of the People's Party
D) a union movement based on Catholic traditions

Question 16

When Hawai'ian Queen Lili'uokalani appealed to President Cleveland for support after she was deposed, Cleveland __________.

A) ordered her tried for treason
B) sent in Marines to arrest her
C) ordered her reinstatement
D) ignored her pleas

Question 17

In 1892, the People's Party __________.

A) cost Cleveland the election
B) elected three governors, ten congressmen, and five U.S. senators
C) did extremely well among eastern urban voters
D) won enough electoral votes to throw the election into the House

Question 18

Discontented farmers aimed their harshest criticism against __________.

A) railroads
B) legislators
C) lawyers
D) the courts

Question 19

The largest women's organization in the world in the late nineteenth century was __________.

A) the women's auxiliary of the Knights of Labor
B) the Young Women's Christian Association
C) the National American Woman Suffrage Association
D) the Woman's Christian Temperance Union

Question 20

In the late nineteenth century, federal jobs __________.

A) went only to those who scored well on the Civil Service exam
B) usually went to graduates of the better schools and universities
C) were rarely sought after as the benefits were poor
D) changed hands each time there was a change in administration

Question 21

In which of these did Henry Clay Frick and Andrew Carnegie play prominent roles?

A) Pullman strike
B) Great Uprising of 1877
C) Homestead strike
D) Coeur d'Alene strike

Question 22

In 1896, the Populists were undermined when their free silver issue was adopted by __________.

A) William McKinley
B) Grover Cleveland
C) William Jennings Bryan
D) Mark Hanna

Question 23

The most important area of government expansion in the Gilded Age was __________.

A) oversight of commerce
B) enforcing civil rights
C) promoting workers' rights
D) providing social welfare benefits

Question 24

In the Platt Amendment, the United States __________.

A) declared Cuba independent from Spain
B) denied any intent of annexing Cuba
C) allied with Cuban rebels against the Spanish imperialists
D) claimed the right to intervene to protect its interests in Cuba

Question 25

The major goal involving U.S. relations with Latin America in the late nineteenth century focused on __________.

A) bringing Protestantism to that region
B) helping Spain hold on to the last of its New World colonies
C) dominating that region's local economies
D) assisting Latin American nations with expansion of their navies

Question 26

What issue of Gilded Age politics contributed to the assassination of President James A. Garfield?

A) free silver
B) tariff reform
C) spoils system
D) business regulation

Question 27

The 1898 massacre in Wilmington, North Carolina, was a white response to fears that African Americans would ally with the __________.

A) Republican Party
B) Populists
C) AFL
D) social gospel movement

Question 28

In which labor dispute did the American Railway Union play a prominent role?

A) Great Uprising of 1877
B) Pullman strike
C) Homestead strike
D) Coeur d'Alene strike

Question 29

Why did the United States seize the Philippines in 1898?

A) to quell an uprising led by Martí
B) to protect American missionaries
C) to protect Filipino rebels
D) to obtain a vulnerable Spanish colony

Question 30

The People's Party arose out of an 1890 meeting in Ocala, Florida, called by __________.

A) labor union activists
B) farm activists
C) Washington Gladden
D) women's suffrage activists

Question 31

Which organization would have been most likely to promote the "social gospel"?

A) Patrons of Husbandry
B) YWCA
C) Knights of Labor
D) AFL

Question 32

The Patrons of Husbandry, founded in 1867 by Oliver Kelley, was better known as the __________.

A) Populists
B) Grangers
C) WCTU
D) National Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union

Question 33

Josiah Strong was most closely associated with what aspect of the imperial impulse?

A) Christian missionary work
B) economic expansion
C) naval power
D) party politics

Question 34

From 1878 to 1897, Frances E. Willard headed the __________.

A) Knights of Labor
B) WCTU
C) Grangers
D) Farmers' Alliance

Question 35

Alfred Thayer Mahan helped define American policy in the 1880s with his work on the influence of __________ on history.

A) food supplies
B) sea power
C) Christianity
D) disease

Question 36

Why did many Catholics abandon William Jennings Bryan and the Democratic Party in the 1896 election?

A) They were uncomfortable with Bryan's Protestant moral piety.
B) They opposed Bryan's support of the gold standard.
C) They perceived Bryan to hold negative views on the country's economic and social conditions.
D) They disliked Bryan's support from the Populist Party.

Question 37

As with Hawai'i and Cuba, American involvement in the Philippines was most beneficial to __________.

A) labor unions
B) African Americans
C) sugar planters
D) poor people on these islands

Question 38

Manila was to the Philippines as __________ was to Cuba when referring to U.S. naval victories during the Spanish-American War.

A) Santiago
B) Santo Domingo
C) Havana
D) San Juan

Question 39

The annexation of the Philippines by the United States __________.

A) assured Philippine independence
B) ended the Philippine independence movement
C) gave control of the government to Emilio Aguinaldo
D) resulted in a four-year war of conquest by the Americans

Question 40

"Coxey's Army" __________.

A) was disbanded by police when it reached Washington, DC
B) was sent to Pittsburgh by Henry C. Frick to break up the Homestead Strike
C) campaigned for McKinley in 1896
D) formed the core of the Granger movement

Question 41

Which of these positions was associated with the Democratic Party in the 1870s and 1880s?

A) protection of states' rights
B) an expanded federal government
C) increased public spending
D) greater rights for African Americans

Question 42

How did the federal government respond to the crisis of the 1890s? How did American workers respond?

Question 43

From 1871 to 1881, the size of the federal bureaucracy __________.

A) doubled
B) increased ten-fold
C) shrank considerably
D) remained about the same

Question 44

How did the Granger movement reflect the Jeffersonian ideal of agrarian republicanism?

Question 45

How did the Pullman strike end?

A) by the bankruptcy of the Pullman Palace Car company
B) by the capitulation of the Pullman company to workers' demands
C) through the violent intervention of federal troops
D) through a mediated settlement

Question 46

By 1898, what percentage of the southern black electorate voted?

A) 5 percent
B) 15 percent
C) 25 percent
D) 35 percent

Question 47

Why did voters in the Northeast generally favor a high tariff?

A) to protect the region's manufacturing industry
B) to punish Southerners
C) to help generate revenue for the federal government
D) to keep prices down on imported necessities

Question 48

Reformer Henry George ran for mayor of New York in 1886 on the __________ ticket.

A) Republican Party
B) United Labor Party
C) Populist Party
D) Democratic Party

Question 49

Which of these could not join the National Farmers' Alliance?

A) Italian farmers
B) German farmers
C) Irish farmers
D) black farmers

Question 50

Which of these events is most closely linked to the surge in the scale and scope of the federal government in the second half of the nineteenth century?

A) Civil War
B) Spanish-American War
C) westward migration
D) Indian removal

Question 51

The section of the World's Columbian Exposition known as "The White City" celebrated the __________.

A) victory of virtue over vice
B) role of Christianity in industrial progress
C) triumph of the white race
D) global achievements of American business

Question 52

What did the Carnegie Steel Company do after it won the Homestead strike?

A) cut its workforce, but raised wages for remaining workers
B) created a company-sponsored union
C) cut its workforce, lengthened the workday, and cut wages for remaining workers
D) sought reconciliation with its workforce

Question 53

__________ insurgents rallied in the 1890s under the nationalist leadership of José Martí.

A) Filipino
B) Cuban
C) Mexican
D) Haitian

Question 54

Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission ineffective?

A) Its rate-setting policies were usually voided by the Supreme Court.
B) The five-member commission appointed by the president was corrupt.
C) The Department of Interior blocked its regulatory efforts.
D) Its efforts were opposed by President Grover Cleveland.

Question 55

How did the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago illustrate the basic assumptions that underlay American imperialism?

Question 56

How and why did the nature of the federal government change over the course of the second half of the nineteenth century?

Question 57

Before the Civil War, local governments attended mainly to __________.

A) the needs of the poor
B) vital services such as fire protection and public access to water
C) the promotion and regulation of trade
D) civic ceremonies and other festive occasions

Question 58

What was the effect of the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act?

A) Many federal departments took on a professional character.
B) It had little or no effect on spoils appointments.
C) Patronage disappeared entirely.
D) There was a decrease in the number of federal employees.

Question 59

What role did the Supreme Court play in the establishment of the Jim Crow system in the South?

Question 60

Who did the Democrats nominate for president in 1896?

A) William Jennings Bryan
B) Grover Cleveland
C) William McKinley
D) Benjamin Harrison

Question 61

What event did President McKinley use to justify his decision to ask Congress for a declaration of war against Spain?

A) the explosion on the USS Maine
B) the war crimes of Porfirio Diaz
C) an uprising in the Philippines
D) Queen Lili'uokalani's resistance

Question 62

As new markets opened between 1870 and 1900, U.S. exports __________.

A) more than tripled
B) nearly doubled
C) quadrupled
D) crept up modestly but steadily

Question 63

The 1893 World's Fair, held in Chicago, commemorated __________.

A) Columbus's landing in the New World
B) the Great Chicago Fire
C) American independence
D) the Civil War

Question 64

During the depression that followed the financial panic of 1893, unemployment rates reached __________.

A) 25 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 45 percent

Question 65

What was the basis of the New Orleans school board's argument for the elimination of schools for black children beyond the fifth grade?

A) Only minimal education was needed for menial jobs.
B) The cost of educating black children was much higher than the cost of educating white children.
C) Black children had other options for further education.
D) The local curriculum was not relevant to African Americans.

Question 66

In the spring of 1893, the United States entered a depression that __________.

A) had begun in Europe
B) began with falling American commodities prices
C) lasted for nearly 10 years
D) endured for less than a year

Question 67

"Jim Crow" refers to __________.

A) discriminatory and segregationist laws
B) the stereotypical southern farmer
C) nativist sentiment toward immigrants
D) laws that restricted immigration

Question 68

The most basic and fundamental impulse of populism was to __________.

A) put government in the hands of the people
B) elect technocrats
C) create a new biracial political party
D) stimulate economic growth

Question 69

President McKinley settled the currency issue by __________.

A) overseeing the passage of the Gold Standard Act
B) supporting the Sherman Silver Purchase Act
C) implementing free silver policy as law
D) promoting a bankruptcy act that alleviated crises for farmers and debtors

Question 70

What precipitated the bitter conflict in the Coeur d'Alene district?

A) wage cuts in the silver and lead mines
B) lower wages for steel workers
C) wage cuts for railcar builders
D) lower wages for oil field workers

Question 71

What was the initial purpose of the Patrons of Husbandry, also known as the Grange?

A) to improve its members socially, morally, and intellectually
B) to provide members with collective economic power
C) to form a political party
D) to lobby government to lower export tariffs

Question 72

Why was the Coinage Act of 1873 also known as the "Crime of '73"?

A) The elimination of silver coinage from circulation made it more difficult for farmers to pay off their debts.
B) The elimination of gold coinage from circulation made it more difficult for farmers to pay off their debts.
C) The printing of paper money backed by silver led to runaway inflation that ruined many large business corporations.
D) Silver coinage had to be implemented because corrupt government officials stole much of the gold reserves set aside for coinage.

Question 73

Which statement about the conflict between American troops and Filipino rebels that took place at the end of the Spanish-American War is true?

A) American commanders seriously underestimated the Filipino people's determination to resist U.S. domination.
B) Filipinos defeated American troops in a long, drawn-out conflict that led to the establishment of the Philippines as an independent nation.
C) Americans allied with Spanish forces to put down the Filipino rebellion.
D) Americans quickly defeated the Filipino rebellion with minimal casualties and gained control of the Philippines.

Question 74

Most strikes during the late nineteenth century __________.

A) ended in failure
B) succeeded in attaining most of their goals
C) had governmental support
D) gained some tangible benefits for the strikers

Question 75

What change, common in both the North and the South, led to the formation of the farmers' alliances?

A) falling crop prices
B) crop loss from drought and blizzards
C) crop loss from insects
D) rising commodity prices

Question 76

Which of these prompted the formation of the Anti-Imperialist League?

A) American military action in the Philippines
B) America's declaration of war against Spain
C) the League's support for the planter-led coup that overthrew Hawaiian Queen Lili'uokalani
D) American intervention in Central America

Question 77

Which statement is consistent with the social gospel message?

A) Government ought to be more responsible toward impoverished citizens.
B) Salvation has nothing to do with "good works."
C) Philanthropy is a choice, not a duty.
D) Only Christians deserve support and compassion.

Question 78

What was Congregationalist minister Washington Gladden's message in his book Applied Christianity?

A) Business leaders needed to return to Christ's teachings that called for the care of the poor and less fortunate.
B) Workers needed to follow the biblical teaching of "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" by using violence against harsh employers.
C) Membership in workers' unions needed to be restricted to white native-born Protestants.
D) The poor and destitute were a burden on American society and needed to be left to fend for themselves.

Question 79

Which of these was an important difference between the Grange and the Farmers' Alliance?

A) The Farmers' Alliance did not hesitate to put up candidates for political office.
B) The Grange supported industrial strikes, while the Farmers' Alliance did not.
C) The Farmers' Alliance allowed blacks to join, while the Grange did not.
D) The Grange was unwilling to participate in politics in any way.

Question 80

The "soft" currency policy that involved silver coinage and was advocated by farmers called for __________.

A) an increased money supply and looser credit
B) a reduced money supply and looser credit
C) an increased money supply and tighter credit
D) a reduced money supply and tighter credit