Deck 2: The Chemistry of Life

Question 1

Atoms that bear a positive or negative charge are known as

A) magnetic.
B) electrically neutral.
C) ions.
D) lacking nuclei.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Most elements in nature exist as

A) solitary unreactive atoms.
B) mixtures of different isotopes.
C) mixtures of gases.
D) mixtures of liquids.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The volume of space around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be located is called the _______________ of that electron.

A) energy level
B) spin
C) pathway
D) orbital

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The atomic number of an atom is the

A) number of neutrons only.
B) the number of electrons plus the number of protons.
C) the number of protons only.
D) the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
E) the number of electrons,plus the number of neutrons,plus the number of protons.

Question 5

Strong,___________________ bonds are needed for the building of complex biological molecules.

A) directional
B) nondirectional
C) stationary
D) ionic
E) covalent

Question 6

What is true about ¹⁴C?

A) It is an ion.
B) It is the most common form of carbon.
C) It can be employed in the radioisotopic dating of fossils.
D) It has 6 neutrons.

Question 7

The first shell in any atom contains one orbital which may contain as many as

A) 2 electrons.
B) 8 protons.
C) 8 electrons.
D) 4 neutrons.
E) 2 neutrons.

Question 8

Which is not correct about water molecules?

A) Hydrogens have partial negative charges.
B) Water is a polar molecule.
C) Covalent bonds exist within a water molecule.
D) Hydrogen bonds exist between water molecules.
E) Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds.

Question 9

The nucleus of an atom is composed of two subatomic particles,______________ and ______________.

A) protons;neutrons
B) protons;electrons
C) neutrons;electrons

Question 10

In a neutral atom,protons are always

A) equal to the electrons.
B) close to the electrons.
C) equal to the neutrons.
D) combined with the electrons to calculate the atomic mass.

Question 11

Electrons possess energy of position,also known as _____________ energy.

A) kinetic
B) latent
C) potential
D) opposition

Question 12

A solution with a pH of 4 has _________ the concentration of H⁺ present compared to a solution with a pH of 5.

A) 10 times
B) 100 times
C) 2 times
D) 1000 times

Question 13

The ___________________ of atoms determine how atoms will react with each other.

A) protons
B) neutrons
C) nuclei
D) electrons

Question 14

The mass number of an atom is the

A) number of neutrons only.
B) the number of electrons plus the number of protons.
C) the number of protons only.
D) the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
E) the number of electrons,plus the number of neutrons,plus the number of protons.

Question 15

When an electron is transferred from one atom to the next,and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another,the type of bond is a(n)__________________ bond.

A) hydrogen
B) covalent
C) kinetic
D) ionic

Question 16

What property of water is NOT attributable to hydrogen bonding between water molecules?

A) Heat storage
B) Ice formation
C) Polarity
D) Cohesion

Question 17

If an element has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14,how many neutrons does it have?

A) 6
B) 14
C) 7
D) 8
E) Impossible to determine.

Question 18

Which type of chemical substance lowers the H⁺ concentration in a solution?

A) Ice
B) Acid
C) Base
D) Buffer
E) Hydrogen ion

Question 19

The second shell in an atom contains ________ orbitals and holds up to ________ electrons.

A) 4;4
B) 3;2
C) 4;8
D) 3;8
E) 8;24

Question 20

The type of bond that forms between two atoms when electrons are shared is a(n)_______________ bond.

A) hydrogen
B) covalent
C) kinetic
D) ionic

Question 21

What are some of the uses of radioactive isotopes?

Question 22

The chemical bond within a water molecule is a ______ bond.

Question 23

The high surface tension of water that allows some insects to literally walk on water is due to

A) high heat of vaporization.
B) cohesion.
C) adhesion.
D) polar covalent bonds.
E) heat storage.

Question 24

When water ionizes,the negatively charged OH fragment is the ____________ ion.

Question 25

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called the ___________________.

Question 26

Describe van der Waals forces and how they play a role in biological molecules.

Question 27

Water moving up into a paper towel is attributable to

A) heat storage.
B) high heat of vaporization.
C) electronegativity.
D) cohesion.
E) adhesion.

Question 28

Nonpolar molecules are said to be _________________ because they shrink away from water.

Question 29

A solution with a pH of 3 is said to be highly _____________.

Question 30

Atomic mass refers to the numbers of ___________ and __________ of an atom.

Question 31

Atoms that have the same number of protons but differ in their number of neutrons are __________________.

Question 32

What are two of the characteristics of water that make it so important in living organisms?

Question 33

Due to hydrogen bonding,ice is _______ dense than water.

Question 34

Nonpolar molecules are water soluble.

Question 35

Discuss the difference between covalent,ionic,and hydrogen bonds.

Question 36

We use the __________ scale to measure concentrations of hydrogen ions in a solution.

Question 37

Buffers always release H⁺ ions into solution to stabilize pH.

Question 38

Cells contain chemical substances called ____________ that minimize changes in concentrations of H⁺ and OH^-.

Question 39

A substance that increases the concentration of H⁺ is called a(n)________.

Question 40

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called the ___________________.

Question 41

Describe the structure of an atom and include how the number of electrons in the outer shell will affect an atom's tendency to interact with other atoms.