Deck 13: Chromosomes

Question 1

Chorionic villus sampling differs from amniocentesis in that for CVS

A)cells must first be cultured.
B)biochemical tests can be performed on the sample.
C)a karyotype is prepared directly from collected cells.
D)cells do not directly descend from the fertilized ovum.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The area of genetics that links traits,including illnesses,to chromosome variations is

A)population genetics.
B)transmission genetics.
C)cytogenetics.
D)evolutionary genetics.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which type of cell could not be used for karyotyping?

A)Red blood cell
B)White blood cell
C)Fibroblast
D)Skin cell

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Spindle fibers (microtubules)attach to a chromosome's _____ during mitosis.

A)centromere
B)telomere
C)genomere
D)euchromatin

Question 5

Chromosomes in karyotypes are arranged and ordered by

A)telomere length.
B)centromere position.
C)length.
D)width.

Question 6

To observe chromosomes,they must be

A)actively transcribing all of their genes.
B)actively transcribing some of their genes.
C)condensed.
D)in interphase.

Question 7

CVS cannot detect inborn errors of metabolism because

A)it does not sample amniotic fluid.
B)it is done too early in the pregnancy.
C)it is done too late in the pregnancy.
D)such errors are not detectable until after birth.

Question 8

The DNA sequence that is repeated many times in a telomere is

A)UUAGGG.
B)AAUCCC.
C)AATCCC.
D)TTAGGG.

Question 9

One of the advantages of chorionic villus sampling (CVS)over amniocentesis is that CVS

A)samples amniotic fluid.
B)can never be lethal.
C)poses lesser risk to the fetus.
D)provides earlier results.

Question 10

Amniocentesis cannot be used to detect fetal

A)gender.
B)intelligence.
C)chromosomal abnormalities.
D)biochemicals that indicate an inborn error of metabolism.

Question 11

The areas between the protein-rich parts of a chromosome and the telomeres are called
3-26-2013

A)submetacentric.
B)subtelomeres.
C)subcentromeres.
D)subchromatin.

Question 12

The centromere of human chromosome 15 creates a long arm and a very short arm.Therefore,this chromosome is

A)telocentric.
B)acrocentric.
C)submetacentriC.
D)metacentric.

Question 13

Heterochromatic regions at the ends of chromosomes are

A)centromeres.
B)euchromatin.
C)telomeres.
D)DNA hubs.

Question 14

A chromosome with two arms of about equal length is called

A)telocentric.
B)acrocentric.
C)metacentriC.
D)paracentric.

Question 15

The first known sketches of human chromosomes were drawn in

A)1776.
B)1814.
C)1882.
D)1951.

Question 16

A chromosome consists of

A)mostly protein and RNA with a small amount of DNA.
B)mostly DNA and proteins with a small amount of RNA.
C)about equal proportions of DNA,RNA,and protein.
D)DNA only.

Question 17

In the earliest karyotypes,chromosomes were distinguished by

A)specific size order.
B)general size classes.
C)banding patterns.
D)stage of the cell cycle.

Question 18

Which maternal serum marker pattern indicates increased risk of Down syndrome in a fetus?

A)Deficient hCG and inhibin A and elevated AFP,estradiol,and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A Progesterone and testosterone
B)Elevated hCG,inhibin A,AFP,estradiol,and pregnancy-associated plasma protein
C)Deficient hCG,inhibin A,AFP,estradiol,and pregnancy-associated plasma protein
D)Elevated hCG and inhibin A and deficient AFP,estradiol,and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A

Question 19

The chromosome shorthand _____ is used to designate a normal male.

A)45,X
B)46,XX
C)46,XY
D)47,XXY

Question 20

The satellite regions that distinguish chromosomes 13,14,15,21,and 22 are

A)primarily euchromatin.
B)proteins that stabilize the chromosomes.
C)located near the centromere.
D)repeated genes that encode ribosomal RNAs and proteins.

Question 21

Which of these has never been observed in a viable human birth?

A)YO male
B)XO female
C)XXY male
D)XXX female

Question 22

The technique called fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)uses

A)stains to sort chromosomes into general size classes,designated A through G.
B)DNA probes with attached fluorescent molecules that indicate specific DNA sequences.
C)lures to pull out specific sequences from their chromosomes.
D)stains that distinguish AT-rich from GC-rich sequences.

Question 23

A person who is 46,XX is a

A)chromosomally normal female.
B)chromosomally abnormal female.
C)chromosomally normal male.
D)chromosomally abnormal male.

Question 24

The meiotic error that results in aneuploid cells is

A)crossing over.
B)nondisjunction.
C)recombination.
D)unequal segregation.

Question 25

Chorionic villus sampling reveals a fetus has the karyotype 47,XYY.What is the diagnosis?

A)Normal female
B)Klinefelter syndrome
C)Edward syndrome
D)Jacobs syndrome

Question 26

A man with trisomy 21 could pass Down syndrome to offspring if he

A)produces sperm that have two copies of chromosome 21.
B)produces sperm lacking chromosome 21.
C)also has Turner syndrome.
D)is a carrier of a deletion for chromosome 21.

Question 27

Most males born with an extra Y chromosome

A)die shortly before or after birth.
B)are violent and anti-social.
C)are tall but are otherwise normal.
D)are phenotypically female.

Question 28

In humans,the most frequently seen autosomal aneuploid is

A)monosomy 21.
B)trisomy 13.
C)trisomy 21.
D)tetraploidy.

Question 29

Only nine types of aneuploids are known in newborns because

A)only nine chromosomes undergo nondisjunction.
B)most types of aneuploids are lethal early in development.
C)most aneuploids do not cause detectable defects.
D)most aneuploids do not affect the phenotype.

Question 30

_____ syndrome can only result from non-disjunction in the male and female.

A)YO
B)XO
C)XXY
D)XXYY syndrome

Question 31

Cells that have an extra 21^st chromosome are

A)tetrasomic.
B)triploid.
C)haploid.
D)trisomic.

Question 32

People with Turner syndrome have _____ chromosome constitution.

A)XX
B)XXY
C)XO
D)XXX

Question 33

Polyploidy can result when

A)a translocation occurs between two chromosomes.
B)one pair of homologous chromosomes does not separate during meiosis.
C)a developing gamete is haploid.
D)a haploid sperm fertilizes a diploid egg.

Question 34

Chorionic villus sampling reveals that a fetus has the karyotype 45,X.What is the diagnosis?

A)Normal male
B)Klinefelter syndrome
C)Turner syndrome
D)Down syndrome

Question 35

Aneuploidy may occur in some cells of an individual if nondisjunction happens in

A)an early embryo.
B)a sperm cell.
C)an oocyte.
D)a polar body.

Question 36

People with Klinefelter syndrome have _____ chromosome constitution.

A)XXY
B)XY
C)YO
D)XXX

Question 37

Chorionic Villus Sampling reveals that a fetus has the karyotype 47,XX,+21.What is the diagnosis?

A)Edward syndrome
B)Turner syndrome
C)Down syndrome
D)Klinefelter syndrome

Question 38

_____ are illustrations that show chromosome arm and major regions.

A)Ideograms
B)Chromatograms
C)Polygrams
D)Anagrams

Question 39

A karyotype with an extra set of chromosomes indicates

A)aneuploidy.
B)polyploidy.
C)diploidy.
D)haploidy.

Question 40

A cell that has three copies of every chromosome is

A)euploid.
B)triploid.
C)aneuploid.
D)tetraploiD.

Question 41

A chromsomal inversion that does not include the centromere is

A)epicentric.
B)paracentric.
C)metacentriC.
D)isocentric.

Question 42

A chromosome that results when the centromere splits in the wrong plane during meiosis,forming identical arms,is a(n)

A)ring chromosome.
B)metachromosome.
C)parachromosome.
D)isochromosome.

Question 43

Cri-du-Chat syndrome is caused by a

A)reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 2 and 20.
B)paracentric inversion of chromosome 21.
C)deletion of part of chromosome 5.
D)non-reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 14 and 21.

Question 44

Uniparental disomy explains

A)a person with dwarfism who has autosomal dominant achondroplasia born to parents of normal height.
B)some cases of severe blood infections.
C)a new mutation in which a child has a condition that no other relative has.
D)a child with an autosomal recessive condition who has one wild type parent and one carrier parent.

Question 45

The type of chromosome abnormality that yields a long chromosome consisting of most of two acrocentric chromosomes is a(n)

A)Robertsonian translocation.
B)pericentric inversion.
C)paracentric inverson.
D)reciprocal translocation.

Question 46

Uniparental disomy results when a child inherits

A)two recessive alleles for the same gene,one from each parent.
B)two alleles for the same gene from one parent.
C)one recessive allele from one parent.
D)more than two alleles for the same gene from one parent.

Question 47

A karyotype that uses FISH that shows two chromosomes,each with two colors,but in the opposite patterns,most likely indicates a

A)Robertsonian translocation.
B)pericentric inversion.
C)paracentric inverson.
D)reciprocal translocation.