Deck 10: Gene Action: From DNA to Protein

Question 1

Cells replicate DNA

A)during the M phase of the cell cycle.
B)all the time.
C)during the S phase of the cell cycle.
D)only when a person is stresseD.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Identify a true statement about RNA.

A)RNA has the pyramidine base thymine.
B)RNA nucleotides include the sugar dexyribose.
C)RNA is more stable than DNA.
D)RNA controls the use of genetic information.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Ribose is an important component of RNA because

A)it is less stable than deoxyribose,which enables RNA to function as a short-term carrier of genetic information.
B)it is less stable than deoxyribose,which enables RNA to function as a long-term carrier of genetic information.
C)it is more stable than deoxyribose,which enables RNA to function as a long-term carrier of genetic information.
D)it is as stable as deoxyribose,which makes RNA and DNA functionally equivalent.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which choice is the correct sequence from smallest to largest?

A)Amino acid,peptide,polypeptide,protein
B)Protein,polypeptide,peptide,amino acid
C)Amino acid,DNA,peptide,gene
D)Peptide,polypeptide,amino acid,protein

Question 5

The nitrogenous base that is in RNA but not in DNA is

A)thymine.
B)thiamine.
C)uracil.
D)urea.

Question 6

About _____ percent of the human genome is the exome.

A)0.5
B)1.5
C)5.0
D)10

Question 7

RNA differs from DNA in that

A)it is usually single-stranded.
B)it is usually double-stranded.
C)it has thymine instead of uracil.
D)it has deoxyribose instead of ribose.

Question 8

An mRNA molecule is also called a(n)

A)intron.
B)transcript.
C)gene.
D)proscript.

Question 9

Which of these is not found in RNA?

A)phosphate
B)deoxyribose
C)purines
D)ribose

Question 10

A retrovirus produces an enzyme,called reverse transcriptase,which copies its RNA genome into DNA.This is opposite of the central dogma because

A)a virus is not an organism.
B)a virus lacks genetic material.
C)a retrovirus lacks DNA.
D)the central dogma states that DNA is copied into RNA.

Question 11

The portion of the human genome that encodes protein is termed the

A)exon
B)template
C)proteasome
D)exome

Question 12

To express a gene,DNA is first transcribed into a corresponding strand of

A)mtDNA.
B)rRNA.
C)mRNA.
D)tRNA.

Question 13

Which of the following descriptions of genetic information flow best illustrates the central dogma of biology?

A)DNA to RNA to protein
B)RNA to DNA to protein
C)protein to DNA to protein
D)protein to RNA to DNA

Question 14

The DNA template ATGCGTTA is transcribed into an RNA strand with the sequence

A)TACGCAAT.
B)UAACGCAU.
C)UACGCAAU.
D)AUGCGAAU.

Question 15

Watson and Crick describe the relationship between _____ as a directional flow of information called the "central dogma".

A)nucleic acids and proteins
B)enzymes and proteins
C)peptides and polypeptides
D)DNA and RNA

Question 16

A genetic code word is called a(n)

A)proton.
B)codon.
C)nodoC.
D)amino aciD.

Question 17

In transcription,one DNA strand is transcribed into a(n)_____ RNA strand,which is translated into protein.

A)ribosomal
B)transfer
C)messenger
D)anticodon

Question 18

Place the types of RNA molecules in correct size order,from smallest to largest.

A)mRNA,tRNA,rRNA
B)aRNA,bRNA,cRNA
C)tRNA,rRNA,mRNA
D)tDNA,rDNA,mDNA

Question 19

During transcription

A)protein is synthesized from DNA.
B)DNA is replicated.
C)RNA is synthesized from DNA.
D)protein is synthesized from amino acids.

Question 20

DNA replication is necessary so that

A)transcription can proceed.
B)translation can proceed.
C)genetic information is not lost as the information in DNA sequences is accessed.
D)the cell does not die when it divides.

Question 21

Which codons are synonymous?

A)CAC and CAG
B)CAC and CAU
C)ACA and AGC
D)UCC and GAC

Question 22

If part of a DNA template is the sequence GTTAGTCTGTGGGCT,then the DNA coding strand has the sequence

A)GTTAGTCTGTGGGCT.
B)CAATCAGACACCCGA.
C)CAAUCAGACACCCGA.
D)GAATCAGACACCCGA.

Question 23

A benefit of alternate splicing of introns out of mRNAs is that

A)it maximizes the number of introns.
B)it increases the number of proteins that the genome encodes.
C)it lowers the risk of infection.
D)it speeds transcription.

Question 24

A mutation that adds one or two bases to a gene disrupts the

A)replicating frame.
B)intron index.
C)genetic code.
D)reading frame.

Question 25

After transcription and before translation,eukaryotic mRNA is modified by adding

A)tRNAs and amino acids.
B)amino acids and a poly-A tail.
C)a cap of modified nucleotides and a poly-A tail.
D)an AUG at one end and a poly-U tail at the other.

Question 26

Rett syndrome and homeotic mutations result from mutations in _____.

A)transcription factors
B)mRNA molecules
C)exons
D)spliceosomes

Question 27

Ribosomal RNAs

A)are translated from DNA.
B)are synthesized by ribosomes.
C)connect codons to amino acids.
D)associates with proteins to form ribosomes.

Question 28

The genetic code is

A)triplet,overlapping,and not universal.
B)triplet,non-overlapping,and universal.
C)quarternary,overlapping,and non-universal.
D)singular,non-overlapping,and universal.

Question 29

The scientists who identified a set of coordinately regulated genes,called an operon,responsible for lactose metabolism in

A)Watson and Crick.
B)Meselson and Stahl.
C)Jacob and Monod.
D)Hershey and Chase.
E)coli were

Question 30

Parts of an mRNA molecule that are removed before protein synthesis are called

A)exons.
B)exomes.
C)promoters.
D)introns.

Question 31

A codon consists of three consecutive

A)DNA bases.
B)amino acids.
C)tRNA bases
D)mRNA bases.

Question 32

In a bacterial cell,the three genes of the lactose operon are

A)expressed continuously.
B)expressed when lactose synthesis is required.
C)expressed only in the presence of lactose.
D)never expressed,because they are pseudogenes.

Question 33

_____ consist of proteins and RNAs that associate,providing both a physical support and enzyme activity for protein synthesis.

A)Nucleosomes
B)Ribosomes
C)Nuclei
D)Histones

Question 34

Transcription factors function in the expression of genes by

A)initiating transcription.
B)associating to initiate translation.
C)turning transcription of specific genes on or off.
D)halting the activity of RNA polymerase at the end of transcription.

Question 35

Transcription and replication are alike in that both

A)are guided by complementary base pairing.
B)are regulated by homeobox genes.
C)require DNA polymerase.
D)require a promoter and RNA polymerase.

Question 36

Which codon halts ribosomes?

A)UAG
B)AUG
C)UUU
D)ATG

Question 37

The enzyme that synthesizes messenger RNA from a DNA template is

A)DNA polymerase.
B)RNA polymerase.
C)reverse transcriptase.
D)ligase.

Question 38

There are _____ different sequences of codons possible in the genetic code.

A)3
B)4
C)16
D)64

Question 39

In transcription,the promoter is

A)an enzyme that binds DNA.
B)a series of proteins that collectively bind to DNA.
C)a recognition sequence in RNA that attracts ribosomes.
D)A DNA sequence that RNA polymerase binds.

Question 40

B is an intron between two exons, A and C. Which representation best describes how this region of mRNA will appear after it is transcribed and processed by a spliceosome?

A)A-C
B)A-B
C)B-C
D)A-B-C

Question 41

If part of a DNA template is the sequence GTTAGTCTGTGGGCT,then the mRNA transcribed from it is

A)GTTAGTCTGTGGGCT.
B)CAATCAGACACCCGA.
C)CAAUCAGACACCCGA.
D)gln-ser-asp-thr-arg.

Question 42

Ribosomes begin translation of an mRNA transcript at the first

A)anticodon.
B)AUG.
C)promoter.
D)tRNA.

Question 43

_____ proteins stabilize partially folded parts of proteins in their correct form.

A)Chaperone
B)Signal sequences
C)Proteasomes
D)Ubiquitin

Question 44

A sequence of DNA could have _____ possible reading frame(s).

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)an infinite number of

Question 45

The linear order of amino acids in a polypeptide is the _____ structure of a protein.

A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary

Question 46

Diseases that are caused by protein misfolding include

A)tuberculosis and AIDS.
B)river blindness and African sleeping sickness.
C)cystic fibrosis and Huntington disease.
D)acne and insomnia.

Question 47

A prion is a(n)

A)very small virus.
B)a virus built only of protein.
C)a glycoprotein that has multiple conformations and may be infectious.
D)a subatomic particle,along with a neutron and an electron.

Question 48

_____ bonds form between amino acids during elongation.

A)Disulfide
B)Peptide
C)Hydrogen
D)Glycine

Question 49

The genetic code was deciphered

A)in the year 2000,following several years of the human genome project.
B)in the 1980s,as many Mendelian diseases had their genes identified.
C)in the 1960s.
D)in the 1950s.

Question 50

The large ribosomal subunit joins the initiation complex to begin _____ during translation.

A)association
B)initiation
C)elongation
D)termination

Question 51

A signal sequence

A)directs RNA nucleotides to a particular gene.
B)attracts tRNAs to an mRNA.
C)is the first part of a protein's amino acid sequence that helps to direct it to a certain part of the cell.
D)is a coding codon that mutates into a stop codon.

Question 52

A(n)_____ carries a specific amino acid to a ribosome,where the amino acid bonds to another.

A)mtDNA
B)rRNA
C)mRNA
D)tRNA

Question 53

The sequences UUUUUUUUU ¼,AAAAAAAAA¼,and CCCCCCCCC¼,were the first to be analyzed to crack the genetic code because

A)they were the simplest to synthesize.
B)they would encode all types of amino acids.
C)they would encode only one type of nucleotide.
D)they would encode only one type of amino aciD.

Question 54

_____ "tag" misfolded proteins so that they can be refolded or sent to proteasomes.

A)Chaperones
B)Folding catalysts
C)Signal sequences
D)Ubiquitin molecules

Question 55

A ribozyme is

A)an RNA-protein complex that cleaves DNA.
B)an enzyme that catalyzes the assembly of ribosomes.
C)a small RNA that can catalyze a specific chemical reaction.
D)a stretch of uracil in RNA that directs splicing.

Question 56

Part of a DNA template of sequence GTTAGTCTGTGGGCT corresponds to the amino acid sequence

A)GTTAGTCTGTGGGCT.
B)CAAUCAGACACCCGA.
C)gln-ser-asp-thr-arg.
D)val-ser-leu-trp-ala.

Question 57

A mutation that changes one particular amino acid into another can affect the functioning of other amino acids farther away in the primary sequence due to

A)the presence of prions.
B)protein folding.
C)jumping genes.
D)the tendency for further mutations to occur.

Question 58

_____ tRNAs are required to translate the DNA template sequence GTTACTCTGTGGGCT into amino acids.3-26-2013

A)Two
B)Three
C)Four
D)Twenty