Deck 21: Reproductive Technologies

Question 1

An ejaculate containing up to _____ percent abnormal spermatocytes is considered normal.

A)10
B)20
C)40
D)50

Answer 1

C

Question 2

An ectopic pregnancy results when

A)an oocyte that has not been fertilized implants in the uterus.
B)more than one oocyte is fertilized.
C)a fertilized ovum begins to develop in a blocked uterine tube.
D)a fertilized ovum begins to develop while attached to the cervix.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following contributes to subfertility?

A)regular menstrual cycles
B)high sperm counts
C)being under 30 years of age
D)oligospermia.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Antibodies from the male that coat the sperm may impair fertility by

A)preventing sperm binding to oocytes.
B)stretching out the acrosome until the sperm cell bursts.
C)causing point mutations in the male genome.
D)inducing an autoimmune reaction in the female.

Question 5

Excess tissue growing in the uterine lining is called

A)hemorrhoids.
B)pelvic inflammatory disease.
C)endometriosis.
D)an ectopic pregnancy.

Question 6

Lisa and Jack Nash obtained compatible stem cells that cured their young daughter Molly's Fanconi anemia by

A)allowing Molly to undergo gene therapy on the affected cells.
B)allowing Molly to undergo gene therapy on her germ cells.
C)using umbilical cord stem cells from an unrelated donor.
D)using umbilical cord stem cells from a younger sibling,who was conceived and selected for this purpose.

Question 7

_____ places sperm into a woman's reproductive tract to fertilize an oocyte.

A)Sperm washing
B)Intrauterine insemination
C)GIFT
D)IVF

Question 8

Fertilization is most likely with

A)20 to 200 million sperm cells per milliliter of ejaculate.
B)60 million sperm cells per milliliter of ejaculate.
C)fewer than 250,000 sperm cells per milliliter of ejaculate.
D)20 to 200 sperm cells per milliliter of ejaculate.

Question 9

A woman has a child using intrauterine insemination.The woman is the child's

A)gestational mother only.
B)genetic mother only.
C)gestational and genetic mother.
D)gestational and surrogate mother.

Question 10

Infertility affects around one in ____ males.

A)10
B)25
C)50
D)100

Question 11

For a healthy woman under age 30 with regular menstrual periods and having sex regularly but not using birth control,pregnancy typically occurs

A)in two weeks.
B)in one month.
C)in three or four months.
D)in about one year.

Question 12

Sperm may be "washed" prior to intrauterine insemination to remove

A)seminal fluid to prevent inflammation of the woman's tissues.
B)sperm tails to enhance movement.
C)bacteria and debris to prevent infection.
D)the man's HLA antigens to prevent rejection by the woman's immune system.

Question 13

Zach undergoes a sperm analysis and is upset to learn that he has oligospermia.This means that

A)he has cancer of the spermatogonia,and his sperm will never mature.
B)he makes too many sperm,and they will crowd and kill each other.
C)he makes too few sperm,lowering the probability of one sperm successfully reaching and fertilizing an oocyte.
D)his sperm have two heads,each of which contains an entire genome of DNA,making them too heavy to swim to an oocyte.

Question 14

A normal sperm count is _____ sperm per ejaculate.

A)100,000 to 500,000
B)1 to 2 million
C)20 to 200 million
D)1 to 3 billion

Question 15

Frozen human sperm were first used to conceive a child in

A)1910.
B)1953.
C)1969.
D)1978.

Question 16

Which of the following is an assisted reproductive technology?

A)Producing human insulin in bacteria
B)A couple conceive using sperm from a sperm bank.
C)A man donates part of his liver to his daughter,who has cystic fibrosis.
D)A woman has breast reduction surgery to alleviate back pain.

Question 17

Currently in the United States,approximately _____ couples have difficulty in conceiving or giving birth to children.

A)1 in 6
B)1 in 30
C)1 in 100
D)1 in 200

Question 18

Irregular ovulation may result from a hormonal imbalance that is caused by

A)an overactive thyroid gland.
B)frequent migraine headaches.
C)underproduction of prolactin.
D)a tumor in the ovary or pituitary.

Question 19

The fertility drug clomiphene causes a woman to

A)produce more oocytes.
B)ovulate more than one oocyte a month.
C)ovulate more than one time a month.
D)have only one menstrual period a year.

Question 20

Infertility and spontaneous abortion increase with age primarily due to

A)uterine fibroids.
B)endometriosis.
C)highly acidic or basic vaginal secretions.
D)higher production of oocytes with abnormal chromosome numbers.

Question 21

Assisted Reproductive Technologies are typically not covered by health insurance.

Question 22

Savior siblings born using ARTs have provided needed transplants for ailing siblings.

Question 23

A woman who is infertile because she lacks ovaries would benefit most from

A)intrauterine insemination.
B)GIFT.
C)ZIFT.
D)embryo adoption.

Question 24

A surrogate mother can help couples have a child when the woman does not have a functional

A)uterine tube.
B)vagina.
C)cervix.
D)uterus.

Question 25

A factor that lowers the likelihood of success when using IVF is

A)advanced maternal age.
B)number of previous failed IVF attempts.
C)number of previous IVF attempts.
D)increased time being infertile.

Question 26

The procedure in which fertilization takes place in a laboratory dish and the resulting zygote is placed in the woman's uterine tube is called

A)embryo transfer.
B)ZIFT.
C)RhoGAM.
D)GIFT.

Question 27

A procedure that places an oocyte and sperm in a culture dish,allows a few cell divisions,and then places the resulting very early embryo in the oocyte donor's uterus is

A)IVF.
B)intrauterine insemination.
C)surrogate insemination.
D)GIFT.

Question 28

Which of the following techniques is most likely to lead to heteroplasmy?

A)cytoplasmic donation
B)embryo adoption
C)oocyte donation
D)in vitro fertilization

Question 29

A woman who has a baby via embryo adoption is her child's

A)genetic mother only.
B)gestational mother only.
C)genetic and gestational mother.
D)gestational and surrogate mother.

Question 30

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)screens _____ for genetic disorders.

A)oocytes
B)spermatocytes
C)polar bodies
D)early embryos

Question 31

In gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT),fertilization occurs in

A)the uterus.
B)a culture dish.
C)a uterine tube.
D)a testis.

Question 32

The fact that the live birth rate from older mothers using oocytes in IVF from much younger women is much higher than from older mothers using their own oocytes indicates that the age effects on reproductive success reflect

A)the oocyte source.
B)the uterus source.
C)the age of the father.
D)the sperm count.

Question 33

A man who is paralyzed from a spinal cord injury might become a father using

A)IVF.
B)a surrogate mother.
C)intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
D)intrauterine insemination.

Question 34

Some cases of male infertility are due to immature sperm or sperm that cannot readily penetrate an oocyte.For these individuals,fertilization can still be accomplished using

A)CVS.
B)IVF.
C)ICSI.
D)GIFT.

Question 35

Darnell and Tinaka are each carriers of an autosomal recessive disorder that is lethal in early childhood.They want to have a child who is free of the disease,so they have preimplantation genetic diagnosis.Unfortunately,their child has the disease.A scientific explanation is that

A)the blastomere that was tested had undergone a somatic mutation,making it not representative of the rest of the embryo.
B)Darnell was not really the father.
C)the 7 cells of the remaining embryo each underwent a mutation,so the sampled cell was not representative.
D)Darnell or Tinaka is really homozygous recessive,and not heterozygous.

Question 36

Freezing oocytes has not been very successful because

A)they undergo an extra meiosis.
B)the woman can become dangerously cold.
C)ice crystals can form in the abundant,watery cytoplasm.
D)the nuclei shatter.

Question 37

Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

A)intrauterine insemination;donated sperm is placed in the woman's reproductive tract
B)in vitro fertilization;fertilization occurs in a laboratory dish
C)ICSI;DNA from an immobile sperm is injected into an oocyte
D)GIFT;fertilization occurs in a laboratory dish

Question 38

_____ was the first "test tube baby."

A)Louise Joy Brown
B)Adam Nash
C)J.Craig Venter
D)Lauren Woodward

Question 39

_____ uses a blastomere biopsy to obtain a cell to test for genetic and chromosomal abnormalities.

A)Cytoplasmic donation
B)Intrauterine insemination
C)Oocyte donation
D)Preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Question 40

A lesbian couple may use intrauterine insemination (IUI)to have a child.

Question 41

The logic behind polar body biopsy is based on

A)Darwin's theory of natural selection.
B)Mendel's law of segregation.
C)Mendel's law of independent assortment.
D)the rules of the genetic code.