Deck 2: Positive Choices-Positive Changes

Question 1

Which of the following is the most powerful factor influencing self-efficacy expectations?

A)observational learning
B)direct experience
C)persuasion
D)internal cues

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In terms of setting goals,the acronym SMART stands for

A)strategic,measuring,actionable,reality-based,time-conscious.
B)specific,measurable,achievable,realistic,time-bound.
C)standard,measurable,action-based,realistic,time-bound.
D)specific,motivating,achievable,realistic,timely.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is the LEAST powerful influence on self-efficacy?

A)direct experience
B)persuasion
C)vicarious experience
D)past performance

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which characteristic of SMART goals involves setting a start date and a completion date?

A)realistic
B)time-bound
C)measurable
D)achievable

Question 5

Motivation for behavior change is

A)a trait ruled by internal factors.
B)a permanent trait of an individual.
C)an energized state.
D)a static emotional state.

Question 6

Which of the following factors that influence wellness can NOT be controlled?

A)heredity/genetic make-up
B)knowledge
C)attitude
D)skills

Question 7

John has a family history of diabetes.He believes he can prevent the disease through exercise,diet,body weight control,and other preventive health behaviors.John's behavior can be explained by his

A)external locus of control.
B)internal locus of control.
C)positive self-efficacy.
D)decisional balance.

Question 8

Which of the following factors that influence wellness can an individual control?

A)heredity/genetic make-up
B)beliefs and values
C)age
D)gender

Question 9

Self-efficacy typically develops from all of the following factors EXCEPT

A)past experience.
B)past performance.
C)anticipation of failure.
D)observational learning.

Question 10

Janette is working on a new exercise regimen.Her motivation for exercising largely depends on whether her friend exercises with her.Janette can be said to have

A)an external locus of control.
B)an internal locus of control.
C)positive self-efficacy.
D)decisional balance.

Question 11

Predisposing factors are factors that

A)encourage or discourage behaviors.
B)an individual brings to the table.
C)do not affect an individual's ability to change.
D)are internal.

Question 12

Over which of the following factors do you have the most control?

A)persuasion
B)vicarious experience
C)past performance
D)direct experience

Question 13

Rewards for behavior change should

A)not be given to yourself.
B)create a barrier to overcome.
C)be expensive.
D)be realistic.

Question 14

Setting realistic goals for behavior change means having

A)several alternative goals.
B)simple goals.
C)open-ended long-term goals.
D)challenging but not impossible goals.

Question 15

Enabling factors are factors that

A)encourage or discourage behaviors.
B)an individual brings to the table.
C)enhances an individual's ability to change.
D)are internal.

Question 16

A good way to boost self-efficacy is to

A)monitor behavior with a journal or log.
B)have friends and family to tell you what you should do.
C)focus on making long-term goals.
D)spend more time relaxing.

Question 17

Self-efficacy helps you

A)have confidence in your ability.
B)need less motivation.
C)avoid making changes.
D)accept the way things are.

Question 18

Watching the actions and outcomes of others is called

A)observational learning.
B)past performance.
C)past experience.
D)verbal persuasion.

Question 19

Reinforcing factors are factors that

A)encourage or discourage new behaviors.
B)an individual brings to the table.
C)do not affect an individual's ability to change.
D)are internal.

Question 20

Jennifer smokes every morning before breakfast.This is an example of a

A)dimension of wellness.
B)habit.
C)morning routine.
D)value.

Question 21

Predisposing factors include your knowledge,skills,and abilities.

Question 22

Which characteristic of SMART goals involves self-monitoring and tracking?

A)realistic
B)time-bound
C)measurable
D)achievable

Question 23

The final stage of the transtheoretical model for most behaviors is

A)termination.
B)maintenance.
C)relapse.
D)preparation.

Question 24

Brian has decided to develop a plan for behavior change.He has signed a contract and informed his friends of his plans.This technique for change is an example of

A)consciousness raising.
B)emotional arousal (dramatic relief).
C)self-reevaluation.
D)commitment (self-liberation).

Question 25

The preparation stage of behavior change in the transtheoretical model is the

A)first stage of the model.
B)stage that precedes action.
C)final stage of the model.
D)stage that precedes contemplation.

Question 26

The stage in the transtheoretical model that corresponds to having been successful at changing a behavior for more than six months is called the

A)action stage.
B)maintenance stage.
C)precontemplation stage.
D)contemplation stage.

Question 27

Enabling factors include your culture,beliefs,values,age,and attitudes.

Question 28

The purpose of time management in behavior change is to

A)plan and prioritize so that your time is spent wisely.
B)fit more time into your schedule.
C)get rid of unimportant matters.
D)avoid having to maintain a schedule.

Question 29

Key factors that affect motivation include locus of control and self-efficacy.

Question 30

Things to consider when developing strategies for overcoming obstacles in behavior change include all of the following EXCEPT

A)increasing or continuing those things that help you toward your goal.
B)removing cues and triggers that prompt unhealthy behavior.
C)adding new cues and triggers that prompt healthy behavior.
D)avoiding making plans that anticipate difficulties.

Question 31

The stage of the transtheoretical model in which people weigh the pros and cons of taking action is called the

A)action stage.
B)maintenance stage.
C)precontemplation stage.
D)contemplation stage.

Question 32

Jessica is using a technique for behavior change that focuses on increasing knowledge about her unhealthy habit.She is asking herself what things she does that are unhealthy.This is an example of

A)consciousness raising.
B)emotional arousal (dramatic relief).
C)self-reevaluation.
D)commitment (self-liberation).

Question 33

Age can play a role in the knowledge,skills,and abilities that affect your behavior.

Question 34

Reinforcing factors are those things that encourage or discourage your change in behavior.

Question 35

According to the transtheoretical model,in which stage is a person who has yet to actively think about change?

A)action stage
B)maintenance stage
C)precontemplation stage
D)contemplation stage

Question 36

A behavior that recurs and develops into a pattern is called a habit.

Question 37

Motivation only arises from external factors.

Question 38

Gender is a controllable factor that influences behavior and health habits.

Question 39

The transtheoretical model is also referred to as the

A)"stages of change" model.
B)"scenes of change" model.
C)"steps to behavior change" model.
D)"signs of change" model.

Question 40

Increasing rewards for desired behavior change is an example of

A)consciousness raising.
B)emotional arousal (dramatic relief).
C)reinforcement management.
D)commitment (self-liberation).

Question 41

In the field of behavior change,TTM refers to the ________ model.

Question 42

In the maintenance stage of behavior change,external rewards remain as important as in earlier stages.

Question 43

Compare the differences among predisposing,enabling,and reinforcing factors as they relate to behavior change.

Question 44

Creating a "pro-versus-con" analysis is a step in behavior change.

Question 45

The transtheoretical model includes a stage called termination.

Question 46

The stage of the transtheoretical model in which people work to continue their new behavior and avoid relapse is the ________ stage.

Question 47

According to the SMART principle,goals should be ________,measurable,achievable,realistic,and time-bound.

Question 48

Belief in your capability to perform a task that leads to a specific outcome is called ________.

Question 49

Describe how a negative outlook derails motivation and success in behavior change.

Question 50

Social ________ is seeking social alternatives to an unhealthy behavior.

Question 51

Demonstrate how you would use the SMART criteria to set goals for behavior change.

Question 52

Self-defeating behaviors tend to lead to the accomplishment of both short-term and long-term goals.

Question 53

Describe the transtheoretical model and how it works.

Question 54

Choose two of the following factors that influence wellness,and explain how these factors play a part in behavior change: values;beliefs;religious and cultural norms and practices;environment;socioeconomic status;attitudes;or knowledge,skills,and abilities.

Question 55

The transtheoretical model is also called the "stages of change" model.