Deck 6: From Empire to Independence

Question 1

The Royal Proclamation of 1763 __________.

A) established and expanded the province of Quebec
B) encouraged American land speculation
C) created an alliance between the colonists and the Iroquois
D) set aside lands west of the Appalachians as "Indian Country"

Answer 1

set aside lands west of the Appalachians as "Indian Country"

Question 2

The Albany Conference of 1754 provided a clear indication of __________.

A) the refusal of British officials to deal with the disaffection of the Iroquois
B) the power of Benjamin Franklin to persuade colonial assemblies to follow his path
C) the sense of community that pervaded relations among the colonies in 1754
D) the inability of British colonists to unite for a common cause

Answer 2

the inability of British colonists to unite for a common cause

Question 3

The British countered American objections to taxation by arguing that __________.

A) George III was king by the grace of God and not subject to the people
B) Americans enjoyed "virtual representation" in Parliament
C) the colonial assemblies had approved the Sugar and Stamp acts
D) British taxes were voluntary

Answer 3

Americans enjoyed "virtual representation" in Parliament

Question 4

The British Proclamation of 1763 directly led to the __________.

A) exile of the Arcadian French
B) white settlement of western Virginia and eastern Tennessee
C) opening of eastern colonial lands to a renewed Indian presence
D) Paxton Boys' massacre

Question 5

At which strategic point did the French construct Fort Duquesne?

A) the mouth of the St. Lawrence River
B) the "Forks of the Ohio"
C) the headwaters of the Hudson River
D) where the Ohio River joined the Mississippi

Question 6

Halifax was to the British as __________ was to the French.

A) Fort Niagara
B) Kaskaskia
C) Louisbourg
D) Nova Scotia

Question 7

At the 1758 conference in Easton, Pennsylvania, __________.

A) British and American military leaders planned an attack on Canada
B) British officials promised to respect Indian lands
C) Spain agreed to enter the war on England's side
D) Benjamin Franklin's Plan of Union was adopted

Question 8

The Albany Conference was called __________.

A) by American delegates without British approval
B) by the British Board of Trade
C) to negotiate peace with France
D) to adopt the Articles of Confederation

Question 9

In the Treaty of Paris ending the French and Indian War, __________.

A) the Spanish gained possession of New Orleans
B) the French gained a new foothold on the North American continent
C) the Iroquois Confederacy ceded to the British title to all lands east of the Mississippi River
D) the Spanish acquired New Orleans and Florida

Question 10

In 1735, the John Peter Zenger case gave rise to __________.

A) more newspapers and a freer press in America
B) widespread anti-Indian violence
C) strict British licensing and censorship of the press
D) American admiration and respect for the British army

Question 11

In objecting to the Sugar Act, James Otis was one of the first to use which phrase?

A) "Give me liberty or give me death!"
B) "All men are created equal."
C) "Taxation without representation is tyranny."
D) "God helps those who help themselves."

Question 12

In contrast to American republicans, British monarchists believed that __________.

A) a strong hereditary elite should rule
B) a government governs best that governs least
C) a powerful state threatened liberty
D) the people could be trusted to be virtuous and obedient

Question 13

The First Continental Congress met mainly to protest __________.

A) Parliament forcing them to accept its power
B) British religious policy
C) British Indian policy
D) the attacks at Lexington and Concord

Question 14

The primary purpose of the Sugar Act was to __________.

A) raise revenue to defray the expenses from the Seven Years' War
B) assert economic control
C) regulate trade within the empire
D) eliminate colonial trade with other nations

Question 15

The Continental Congress's debate over opening with prayer reveals __________.

A) tensions between a common cause and local identities
B) the bigotry of Quakers
C) a shared commitment to the Anglican church
D) that many delegates were atheists

Question 16

The First Continental Congress marks the moment when __________.

A) Americans realized they were no longer British in culture
B) Americans began the struggle to overcome local differences to pursue national goals
C) all ties to George III were explicitly rejected
D) Americans realized they had too little in common to become a single nation

Question 17

British Prime Minister William Pitt's main goal in the French and Indian War was __________.

A) eliminating all Indian claims east of the Mississippi
B) unifying the colonies politically and militarily
C) persuading the colonists to help pay for the conflict
D) driving the French out of North America

Question 18

Pressured by British merchants, in March 1766, the British Parliament __________.

A) accepted the idea of virtual representation for American colonists
B) repealed the Stamp Act and reduced the duties under the Sugar Act
C) agreed to stop impressing British sailors
D) refused to repay debts from the Seven Years' War

Question 19

In the aftermath of the French and Indian War, many American colonists __________.

A) became more sympathetic to Indians
B) desired a strong empire to protect them
C) began to develop an American identity distinct from the British
D) sought new alliances with the French

Question 20

The signing of the Hard Labor and Fort Stanwix treaties symbolized the __________.

A) new era of peaceful coexistence between the British and Ohio Valley Indians
B) inability of Ohio Valley tribes to continue their resistance to British expansion westward
C) British effort to halt white settlement in the Ohio River Valley
D) success of Indian resistance to British expansion into Indian Country

Question 21

The American Revolution became a military conflict with fighting in April 1775 in __________.

A) Virginia
B) the Ohio River Valley area
C) Massachusetts
D) Canada

Question 22

After repealing the Stamp Act, Parliament passed the Declaratory Act, declaring that __________.

A) Parliament had authority to bind the colonists "in all cases whatsoever"
B) all new taxes would be approved by the colonial assemblies
C) George III was sorry for his abuse of America
D) Catholics would be granted freedom of worship in America

Question 23

In Common Sense, Thomas Paine placed the blame for America's problems on __________.

A) King George III
B) Parliament
C) the colonial assemblies
D) hotheaded American radicals

Question 24

The First Continental Congress met in response to the __________.

A) Sugar Act
B) Stamp Act
C) Tea Act
D) Intolerable Acts

Question 25

In the effective essays written after passage of the Townshend duties, John Dickinson's advice for the colonists to "behave like dutiful children" showed that Americans in 1767 were __________.

A) not yet willing to break away from Britain
B) eager to fight with Britain against French Canadians in Québec
C) seeking to ally with France and Spain against Britain
D) ready to collaborate with each other to defeat these new duties

Question 26

How did French Canadians respond to the Second Continental Congress's invitation to join the struggle for liberty?

A) Canada immediately voted to join with the Americans.
B) An emissary sent from Congress to Québec was hanged as a traitor.
C) Canadians, fearing the Americans as much as the British, hesitated to respond.
D) Canadians raised an army to invade New York.

Question 27

Nonimportation was first used by colonists to protest __________.

A) the Townshend duties
B) the Sugar Act
C) the Stamp Act
D) the Proclamation of 1763

Question 28

The Intolerable Acts were passed by Parliament to punish __________.

A) Williamsburg and the Virginia House of Burgesses
B) Philadelphia and the other Atlantic ports that restricted imports
C) Ben Franklin and other popular colonial leaders
D) Boston and the colony of Massachusetts

Question 29

While the Albany Conference originally met to deal with conflicts with New France and the Indians of the interior, Benjamin Franklin took the opportunity to propose __________.

A) a common colonial postal system
B) an alliance with France
C) a plan of union for the colonies
D) a uniform currency for the colonies

Question 30

The Townshend duties prompted the publication of a series of letters written by John Dickenson in which he adopted the persona of __________.

A) an enslaved African
B) a British soldier
C) a humble farmer
D) a Puritan minister

Question 31

In the eyes of the radical element in the British colonies, legislation such as the Québec Act set the precedent for colonial government in which __________.

A) religious toleration was not practiced
B) steps were taken toward full democracy
C) each colony basically governed itself
D) colonists were denied representative self-government

Question 32

The Tea Act __________.

A) placed a heavy tax on any tea not imported by the East India Company
B) lowered the price of tea
C) closed the port of Boston to further foreign trade
D) was the harshest measure yet taken by the British against the colonies

Question 33

Resistance to British policies diminished for a time after 1770 because __________.

A) the British withdrew troops from coastal cities
B) a new prime minister assumed power
C) Parliament repealed most of the Townshend duties
D) admiralty courts released all American smugglers

Question 34

The nonimportation movement __________.

A) relied on coercion and occasional violence toward uncooperative importers
B) sparked protests in England
C) pioneered nonviolent resistance techniques
D) called on the colonists to dump British tea

Question 35

The "Declaration and Resolves" passed at the Continental Congress in 1774 committed the colonies to __________.

A) independent government under the Constitution
B) immediate military action against the British
C) economic sanctions aimed at Britain
D) peacefully submitting to British rule

Question 36

A member of a Committee of Observation and Safety in 1775 had responsibility for __________.

A) informing British officials of colonial smuggling
B) promoting British imports in the colonies
C) enforcing economic sanctions against Great Britain
D) reporting on the activities of radical colonial leaders

Question 37

General Thomas Gage's appointment as governor of Massachusetts was evidence of __________.

A) British resolve to seek peaceful accommodation with the colonists
B) British resolve to force the colonists into obedience
C) American influence over the Board of Trade's appointments
D) British concern with American public opinion

Question 38

The British experience at Lexington and Concord foreshadowed which problem faced by the British throughout the American Revolution?

A) a lack of readily available supplies
B) fighting an armed population who were defending their own communities
C) Indian participation on the colonial side
D) lack of knowledge of the countryside

Question 39

Which incident in 1773, according to arguments in the chapter, seemed to be the "smoking gun" of conspiracy theory?

A) Hutchinson's letters to the ministry in Britain
B) the writing of Common Sense
C) Lord Hillsborough's instructions to colonial governors
D) the simultaneous arrest of all the members of the Sons of Liberty

Question 40

A persistent source of tensions between Bostonians and British soldiers leading up to the Boston Massacre was __________.

A) stationing of British soldiers in private residences
B) competition between troops and townsmen over jobs
C) strong anti-military sentiment in the colonies
D) the presence of local militia near British troops

Question 41

In 1768 and 1769, groups of women, some calling themselves Daughters of Liberty, __________.

A) argued in favor of reconciliation with Britain
B) acted as spies for anti-British organizations
C) rioted in Boston
D) organized spinning and weaving bees

Question 42

The conclusion of the Seven Years' War left most colonists __________.

A) bitter over the death and destruction the war had brought
B) proud of their place in the British Empire
C) worried about French power in North America
D) unwilling to obey British government officials

Question 43

How did the provisions of the Treaty of Paris of 1763 change the territories of colonial empires in North America? Evaluate how this treaty specifically impacted British colonial policies in North America and became the catalyst for rebellion among its American colonists.

Question 44

Which of these best explains why the colonial market for tea collapsed in the early 1770s?

A) reduced tea production in India
B) British bans on tea exports
C) a deep recession
D) the colonial response to the Townshend duties

Question 45

Discuss the significance of the Boston Gazette slogan "Save your money and you save your country." What does it suggest about how American attitudes toward Britain were changing?

Question 46

What was the reaction of the Ohio Indians when told of the French cession of lands to the British in 1763?

A) They were shocked.
B) They were overjoyed.
C) They were indifferent.
D) They made plans to invade New England.

Question 47

What did the Treaty of Hard Labor provide for in 1768?

A) The Cherokees ceded a large area of land on the upper Tennessee River.
B) The Iroquois ceded lands near Niagara.
C) Ohio Indians agreed to provide gang labor to the British as payment for war debts.
D) The Iroquois would construct a dam near Fort Niagara.

Question 48

Why was the Sugar Act of 1764 a major shift in British colonial policy? How did the colonists respond to the act? Why?

Question 49

In 1776, Spain began to aid the American cause by __________.

A) selling military supplies to the Americans
B) sending troops to join Washington's army
C) blockading British ports
D) attacking British possessions in South America

Question 50

Which colony took the lead in offering official support for the nonimportation movement?

A) Virginia
B) New Hampshire
C) New York
D) Georgia

Question 51

Why were the British suspicious of Ben Franklin's plan to establish a council to deal with Indian affairs?

A) The British were worried they could not control the powerful council.
B) Ben Franklin was a good friend of the French, so he was not completely reliable.
C) The British did not trust the Indians to behave appropriately.
D) Ben Franklin was a well-known sympathizer with the Indians.

Question 52

How did the Royal Proclamation of 1763 affect prospective settlers?

A) They would need special permission to move onto Indian lands west of the Proclamation line.
B) They were forced to settle in Canada.
C) They were given special incentives to move west.
D) The Proclamation of 1763 had no effect on prospective settlers.

Question 53

Which of these words best captures the first two years of the Seven Years' War in North America from a British perspective?

A) constructive
B) stalemate
C) catastrophe
D) triumph

Question 54

What were the major ideas in Thomas Paine's Common Sense? What effect did the publication have on debates over American resistance to British rule?

Question 55

What issue most influenced French Canadians in deciding how to respond to American calls for them to join the struggle against Britain?

A) They never received the American entreaties.
B) They were prevented from joining this struggle by British soldiers.
C) They viewed Americans as their traditional enemies.
D) They were sympathetic to the British cause.

Question 56

The Québec Act granted __________.

A) tax breaks to wealthy Canadians
B) religious toleration to the Roman Catholic Church
C) Québec immunity from the terms of the Intolerable Acts
D) asylum to runaway slaves

Question 57

Why did all the colonies reject the Albany Plan of Union?

A) They feared they would lose their autonomy.
B) They saw it as a power grab by the British.
C) They worried about its effect on Indian peoples.
D) They were anxious that it would result in a tax increase.

Question 58

Although a seeming lull in the dispute between Great Britain and the colonies occurred between 1770 and 1773, during that time the groundwork was laid for the shift from resistance to outright rebellion. Explain the developments of that period and how they fit into the anti-British conspiracy theory. What prompted the shift to independence by 1776?

Question 59

Which of these was an important difference between British and colonial forces during the Seven Years' War?

A) British forces fought for patriotic reasons, not for money.
B) Colonial forces were made up of hardened professionals.
C) British forces were drawn almost entirely from the upper classes.
D) Colonial forces were composed of volunteer companies.

Question 60

How did Pitt turn the Seven Years' War around?

A) through the help of American militias and Indian allies
B) with the help of the Spanish
C) by replacing most of the key British generals
D) by establishing a military draft in the American colonies

Question 61

What kind of impact was made by Common Sense?

A) The pamphlet struck an immediate chord with Americans, and it sold wildly.
B) Educated Bostonians quickly snapped up the pamphlet, though it was not read elsewhere.
C) Very few colonists read the pamphlet, though it aptly expressed their general outlook.
D) Colonists were not in the mood for this sort of radical discourse.

Question 62

What was Spain's reaction to the brewing revolution in 1775?

A) Spain declared neutrality but secretly supported the colonists.
B) Spain immediately declared for the Patriot cause.
C) Spain declared allegiance to the British crown and offered assistance.
D) Spain sent diplomats to London to broker peace.

Question 63

What was the impact on colonial resistance of Parliament's repeal of most of the Revenue Acts?

A) The resistance movement slowed somewhat.
B) The resistance movement came to a halt.
C) The resistance movement gained steam quickly.
D) There was no effect on the resistance movement.

Question 64

Who were the Minutemen?

A) They were colonial soldiers who were ready to fight the British at a moment's notice.
B) They were colonial soldiers who could run up a hill in Lexington in one minute.
C) They were a police force in Massachusetts towns.
D) They were British soldiers who defected to the Massachusetts militia.

Question 65

How did the fighting at Breed's Hill and Bunker Hill in 1775 influence British public opinion?

A) British victory inspired patriotism, reducing the chances of a diplomatic solution to the conflict.
B) British victory was mourned by most English citizens.
C) The British became nervous that they might be drawn into a major war.
D) Most Englishmen did not notice this news.

Question 66

Why did the British retreat from Concord?

A) They were outnumbered.
B) They were only authorized to go that far.
C) The British army was undisciplined.
D) They ran out of ammunition.

Question 67

Who were the Sons of Liberty?

A) leaders who encouraged moderate forms of protest
B) radical colonists who sought to overthrow the king
C) descendants of Mayflower passengers
D) members of the colonial militia

Question 68

What was the influence of the Seven Years' War on colonial identity?

A) It strengthened a sense of intercontinental unity among colonists.
B) It reminded colonists that they were really not Englishmen.
C) It led to internal struggles within colonies.
D) It reminded colonists that their lives were defined by social class.

Question 69

Which of the following was affected by the Stamp Act?

A) all social groups
B) merchants
C) farmers
D) artisans

Question 70

The Townshend Revenue Acts of 1767 __________.

A) placed tariffs on the importation of various commodities
B) created a colonial income tax
C) created a 5 percent sales tax
D) placed restrictions on the total volume of colonial exports

Question 71

What was the colonists' attitude toward the king in the "Olive Branch Petition"?

A) deferential
B) angry
C) argumentative
D) dismissive

Question 72

Why did the British military occupy Boston in 1768?

A) In the wake of a spirited town meeting, the British feared insurrection.
B) After a series of public demonstrations, the British wanted to protect colonial merchants.
C) Parliament was about to pass new tax legislation and predicted trouble.
D) Colonists had armed themselves and were ready to fight.

Question 73

What was the purpose of the Coercive Acts?

A) Parliament wanted to punish the colonists in Massachusetts.
B) Parliament wanted to ensure that France did not interfere in British colonial affairs.
C) The acts were designed to institute a military draft or conscription.
D) The acts were meant to help rally public support in Britain for the government's colonial policies.

Question 74

What was the impact of quartering troops in the colonies?

A) American colonists were shocked by the behavior of British troops.
B) American colonists understood the necessity of quartering troops.
C) American colonists happily worked overtime to produce enough food for their guests.
D) American colonists grudgingly quartered troops, since they too were British citizens.

Question 75

In the first third of the eighteenth century, who held the strategic advantage in the zone near Lake George and Niagara?

A) the Iroquois
B) the British
C) the French
D) no one

Question 76

What role did the committees of correspondence play in the 1770s?

A) They shared information and opinions between the colonies.
B) They served as a makeshift postal service.
C) They acted as a courier service between the Massachusetts legislature and the governor.
D) They operated as boards of censors for the crown.

Question 77

How did France become helpful to the colonists in the spring of 1776?

A) It shipped supplies to the rebels.
B) It attacked the British Isles.
C) It lent the colonies money.
D) It convinced the British to hold back on attacking the colonies.

Question 78

Which statement best reflects the goals of Parliament in passing the Tea Act?

A) to save the East India Company
B) to raise revenue in any way possible
C) to punish the colonists for years of quarreling, even though the tax would raise little revenue for Britain
D) to lower the price of tea in Britain

Question 79

What was the meaning of the slogan "Save your money and save your country"?

A) Boycott British goods such as tea to strengthen colonial resistance.
B) A thrifty person will have plenty of money in retirement.
C) Boycott French goods, out of nationalist sentiment, to strengthen the country.
D) In times of war, everyone needs to reduce their expenditures on luxury items.

Question 80

Why was the Stamp Act repealed in 1766?

A) Parliament was pressured by British merchants.
B) It failed to result in the expected revenue.
C) The new prime minister was opposed to the act.
D) The stamps were easily forged.