Deck 36: Populations

Question 1

Introduction of the brown tree snake on Guam coincided with the disappearance of birds and small reptiles on the island.Which of the following lead to this decline?

A)Competition for food with the snakes.
B)Predation by the snakes.
C)A side effect of poisons used to kill the snakes.
D)Competition for nesting sites with the snakes.
E)Habitat destruction that happened at the same time the snakes were introduced.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The number of individuals that are killed in a population per unit time is its:

A)Immigration rate
B)Emigration rate
C)Death rate
D)Birth rate
E)Expatriation rate

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In a survivorship curve,a type I species,like a human or elephant,is a species that:

A)Has an equal probability of dying at any age
B)Has the highest probability of dying as it reaches its maximum life span
C)Has a strong possibility of becoming extinct in a relatively short period of time
D)Has an extremely short life span
E)Has the highest probability of dying at a very young age

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The type of population distribution seen when individuals strongly repel one another is:

A)Clumped distribution
B)Random distribution
C)Non-selected distribution
D)Uniform distribution
E)Forced distribution

Question 5

The brown tree snake in Guam had a ______of about 100 snakes per acre.

A)Population density
B)Population distribution
C)Population
D)Growth rate
E)Death rate

Question 6

The study of the factors that influence changes in a population's size is:

A)Population density
B)Population dynamics
C)Population geology
D)Population ethology
E)Population dispersion

Question 7

All of the organisms in a given location or area is termed a:

A)Peer group
B)Flock
C)Community
D)Population
E)Herd

Question 8

A method that could reduce the birth rate of the brown tree snake population on Guam is:

A)Use pheromones to attract the snakes to the traps
B)Use dead rats laced with acetaminophen
C)Capture and kill the snakes
D)Release sterilized males to compete with wild fertile males
E)All of the above

Question 9

The type of population distribution seen when only portions of a habitat are the most favorable is:

A)Clumped distribution
B)Random distribution
C)Uniform distribution
D)Non-selected distribution
E)Forced distribution

Question 10

In the opening essay of chapter 36,the author discusses how the introduction of a new predator on the island of ___________________ decimated local populations of birds and small reptiles.

A)Cuba
B)Guam
C)Puerto Rico
D)Madagascar
E)Ceylon

Question 11

The type of population distribution seen when the habitat is relatively consistent and individuals do not strongly attract or repel one another is:

A)Clumped distribution
B)Uniform distribution
C)Non-selected distribution
D)Forced distribution
E)Random distribution

Question 12

In a survivorship curve,a type II species,like a song bird,is a species that:

A)Has an equal probability of dying at any age
B)Has a strong possibility of becoming extinct in a relatively short period of time
C)Has the highest probability of dying as it reaches its maximum life span
D)Has an extremely short life span
E)Has the highest probability of dying at a very young age

Question 13

The movement of individuals out of a population is termed:

A)Immigration
B)Extrapolation
C)Population dispersion
D)Clumping
E)Emigration

Question 14

The number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume of habitat is:

A)Carrying capacity
B)Population density
C)A community
D)Population distribution
E)Population dynamics

Question 15

The physical location where an organism lives is termed its:

A)Home boundary
B)Range
C)Habitat
D)Community
E)Ecosystem

Question 16

The number of new individuals produced per unit time in a population is its:

A)Immigration rate
B)Emigration rate
C)Death rate
D)Birth rate
E)Expatriation rate

Question 17

A population age structure diagram showing roughly equal numbers in each age group depicts a:

A)Stable population
B)Growing population
C)Declining population
D)Population facing extinction
E)Very small population size

Question 18

The movement of individuals into a population is termed:

A)Emigration
B)Expatriation
C)Immigration
D)Population dispersion
E)Clumping

Question 19

A group of organisms of one species occupying a geographical location at the same time is a:

A)Population
B)Community
C)Peer group
D)Flock
E)Herd

Question 20

The study of the relationships among organisms and the environment is:

A)Ethology
B)Habitology
C)Ergonomics
D)Ecology
E)Geology

Question 21

In regards to a species life history,K-selected species:

A)Have only a few offspring
B)Are short lived
C)Reproduce at an early age
D)Have a large number of offspring
E)Give very little care to their offspring

Question 22

An example of a density-independent factors that affects a population's growth is:

A)Insects eating your tomato plants
B)Your tomato plants competing for water
C)A fungus infecting your tomato plants
D)Frost killing all of your tomato plants
E)All are correct

Question 23

If a deer herd has a population of 1000,a carrying capacity of 2000,and an intrinsic rate of growth of 10% (0.1),the growth curve for this deer population will be:

A)Exponential
B)Linear
C)Logistic
D)Negative
E)Impossible to say

Question 24

In the population growth curve equation G = rN(K-N)/K,when N is very small relative to K:

A)The population growth rate stabilizes
B)The population growth rate is high
C)The population growth rate is low
D)The population crashes
E)None of the above are correct

Question 25

In 2010 India had a population of 1,170,000,000,a birth rate of 0.027,and a death rate of 0.013.What is the growth rate of India's population?

A)0.027
B)0.013
C)0.014
D)0.040
E)0.001

Question 26

If a deer herd has a population of 1000,a carrying capacity of 2000,and an intrinsic rate of growth of 10% (0.1),what must be true of this deer population?

A)Births = deaths
B)Births > deaths
C)Births < deaths

Question 27

If a deer herd has a population of 1000,a carrying capacity of 2000,and an intrinsic rate of growth of 10% (0.1),how much will the deer population grow in a year?

A)100
B)50
C)10
D)500
E)1000

Question 28

The maximum number of individuals that a habitat can support indefinitely is the habitat's:

A)Density dispersion
B)Carrying capacity
C)Growth capacity
D)Environmental load
E)Dispersion capacity

Question 29

In the equation G = rN that is used to study populations,"r" represents:

A)The birth rate
B)The death rate
C)The number of individuals added per unit time
D)The number of individuals at the start of the time interval
E)The per capita rate of increase

Question 30

The combination of external factors that keep a population from reaching its maximum growth rate is:

A)Population aging
B)Environmental resistance
C)Environmental assuagement
D)Population clumping
E)Environmental augmentation

Question 31

Predation of deer by wolves is an example of a:

A)Density-independent limit
B)Density-codependent limit
C)Density-dependent limit
D)Death-dependent factor
E)Death-independent factor

Question 32

In the equation G = rN that is used to study populations "N" represents:

A)The per capita rate of increase
B)The birth rate
C)The death rate
D)The number of individuals at the start of the time interval
E)The number of individuals added per unit time

Question 33

In a population the difference between the birth rate and the death rate is termed the:

A)Population density determining factor
B)Population dispersion factor
C)J-shaped population curve
D)S-shaped population curve
E)Per capita rate of increase

Question 34

Two countries,_________________ and __________________,alone account for one third of the human population.

A)Russia, Brazil
B)China, Russia
C)China, India
D)India, Brazil
E)Russia, India

Question 35

In the equation G = rN that is used to study populations,"G" represents:

A)The number of individuals added per unit time
B)The per capita rate of increase
C)The birth rate
D)The death rate
E)The number of individuals at the start of the time interval

Question 36

A population with a large fraction of pre-reproductive individuals:

A)Is common in less-developed countries and will most likely increase in size
B)Is common in more-developed countries and will most likely increase in size
C)Is common in less-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size
D)Is common in more-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size

Question 37

In a population growth curve that is affected by environmental resistance the formula G = rN(K-N)/K is used to calculate the number of new individuals added after each time interval.In this equation "K" represents the:

A)Environmental resistance
B)Per capita rate of increase
C)The number of individuals added per unit time
D)The carrying capacity for the organism being studied
E)The number of individuals at the start of a time interval

Question 38

In regards to a species life history,r-selected species:

A)Are long lived
B)Provide extensive care for their offspring
C)Are limited primarily by carrying capacity
D)Reproduce later in life
E)Produce many offspring

Question 39

In a survivorship curve,a type III species,like most insects and plants,is a species that:

A)Has an equal probability of dying at any age
B)Has a strong possibility of becoming extinct in a relatively short period of time
C)Has the highest probability of dying at a very young age
D)Has the highest probability of dying as it reaches its maximum life span
E)Has an extremely long life span

Question 40

A population with a large fraction of post-reproductive individuals:

A)Is common in less-developed countries and will most likely increase in size
B)Is common in more-developed countries and will most likely increase in size
C)Is common in more-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size
D)Is common in less-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size

Question 41

Why are the leading causes of death in high-income countries heart disease,stroke,and cancer,while in low-income countries infectious diseases are the leading causes of death?

A)Because life expectancy in high-income countries is longer
B)Because the ecological footprint in high-income countries is larger
C)Because the population density in high-income countries is larger
D)Because the population density in high-income countries is clustered
E)Because of genetic differences between populations

Question 42

What hypothesis did the scientists propose for females not preferring longer duration flashes?

A)The males would produce too large a spermatophore
B)They were similar to those from predatory fireflies
C)The males would produce too small a spermatophore
D)They may be from a different species of firefly

Question 43

When fireflies mate,a male places a protein-rich packet of sperm called a spermatophore into the female's reproductive tract,both fertilizing the female and providing food for the eggs.Which of the following would be a selective advantage for females?

A)Choosing a male who produces a lot of sperm
B)Choosing a larger male
C)Mating with multiple males
D)Choosing a male with a large spermatophore
E)Producing fewer eggs

Question 44

A firefly flashing a light to attract a mate may also attract predators.The observation that animals take this risk to find a mate is consistent with which definition of natural selection?

A)Reproduction of the fittest
B)Survival of the fittest
C)Longevity of the fittest
D)Survival of the largest
E)Reproduction of the largest

Question 45

What hypothesis did the scientists test?

A)That the frequency of a male's flashes indicated how healthy he was
B)That a male's flashes may correlate with the number of sperm he produces
C)That females reject males who present them small spermatophores
D)That females cannot determine the size of a male's spermatophore before mating
E)That a male's flashes may correlate with the size of his spermatophore

Question 46

Which of the following best describes the link between survivorship curves and K-selected species?

A)K-selected species are limited by density-independent factors and have few offspring
B)K-selected species are limited by density-dependent factors and have many offspring
C)K-selected species are limited by density-dependent factors and have few offspring
D)K-selected species are limited by density-independent factors and have many offspring

Question 47

Researchers studying guppies in Trinidad found that guppies in streams with high predation reproduced earlier and more frequently.Which of the following is most important in driving the guppies to change their life history in face of predation?

A)K-selection
B)r-selection
C)Density-independent factors
D)Density-dependent factors
E)Sexual selection

Question 48

What correlation did the scientists observe in Figure 36.20a?

A)The longer the flash duration, the larger the size of the spermatophore
B)The shorter the flash duration, the larger the size of the spermatophore
C)The longer the flash duration, the smaller the size of the spermatophore
D)There was no correlation between the flash duration and the size of the spermatophore

Question 49

Conservation biologists are often trying to protect or create habitat for endangered species.How would this directly affect the equation G = rN(K-N)/K for this animal?

A)It would lower N
B)It would lower K
C)It would raise N
D)It would raise r
E)It would raise K

Question 50

In 2010 India had a population of 1,170,000,000,a birth rate of 0.027,and a death rate of 0.013.Approximately how much will the Indian population grow in 2010?

A)170,000,000
B)1,700,000
C)170,000
D)17,000,000
E)17,000

Question 51

Which of the following best describes the link between survivorship curves and r-selected species?

A)r-selected species are limited by density-dependent factors and have few offspring
B)r-selected species are limited by density-independent factors and have few offspring
C)r-selected species are limited by density-independent factors and have many offspring
D)r-selected species are limited by density-dependent factors and have many offspring

Question 52

An ecologist catches 100 frogs from a pond,marks them and releases them back into the pond.After a few days,another 100 frogs are captured and 10 have the marks on them.How many frogs are in the pond?

A)1,000
B)10,000
C)100
D)900
E)90

Question 53

For a lady bug population at the end of summer the food supply decreases to where only 2000 lady bugs can be supported per acre.If there are 1000 lady bugs in a one-acre field,the rate of growth is 25%,and no immigration or emigration occur,what will the population growth be in the next generation? G = rN(K-N)/K,G=rN.

A)250
B)1250
C)125
D)0
E)1000

Question 54

A male firefly uses flashes of light to attract mates.A female picking her mate based on these flashes leads to _________.

A)Natural selection
B)Artificial selection
C)Disruptive selection
D)Sexual selection
E)Random selection

Question 55

A country's ecological footprint can be calculated by multiplying its population size by the footprint of each individual.Why are some ecologists concerned about the ecological footprint of a country like India?

A)Because its population is increasing
B)Because its standard of living is increasing
C)Because both its population and standard of living are increasing
D)Because its population and land area are increasing
E)Because its standard of living and land area are increasing

Question 56

How did the scientists obtain the different frequencies of flashes seen in figure 36.20b?

A)By training male fireflies to flash for a given duration
B)By electrically stimulating male fireflies to flash for a given duration
C)They made an artificial male firefly
D)By playing videotapes of fireflies flashing for a given duration

Question 57

What correlation did the scientists observe in Figure 36.20b?

A)Females preferred males who flashed for 80 msec
B)Females preferred males who flashed for 132 msec
C)Females preferred males who flashed for 108 msec
D)Females did not show any preference based on flash duration

Question 58

Based upon the population pyramid above you would expect the Indian population to:

A)Shrink
B)Stay constant
C)Grow and then stabilize
D)Grow exponentially

Question 59

Why have growth rates increased the most in developing countries in the past 50 years?

A)Death rates have fallen slower than birth rates
B)Death rates have gone up faster than birth rates
C)Death rates have fallen faster than birth rates
D)Death rates have gone up slower than birth rates

Question 60

For a lady bug population at the beginning of summer the food supply and habitat are almost limitless.If there are 1000 lady bugs in a one acre field,the rate of growth is 25%,and no immigration or emigration occurs,what will the population growth be in the next generation? G = rN(K-N)/K,G=rN.

A)1250
B)250
C)0
D)1000
E)125

Question 61

Emigration is the migration out of a particular area.

Question 62

In the population growth equation G = rN,"N" is the number of individuals added per unit time.

Question 63

On the island of Guam a single type of non-native organism,the black-footed ferret,is responsible for the disappearance of at least twelve species of birds and small reptiles from the island.

Question 64

Immigration is the migration out of a particular area.

Question 65

The example of what happened to the reindeer population in 1964 that had been previously introduced to St.Matthew Island in the Bering Sea represents what is referred to as a population crash.

Question 66

The United Nations has estimated (for the high estimate)that the world's human population may reach about 11 billion by the year 2050 and still be growing.

Question 67

When exponential growth is plotted over time a J-shaped curve emerges.

Question 68

The world's human population now exceeds 6.5 billion.

Question 69

In the population growth equation G = rN,"r" is the per capita rate of growth.

Question 70

Fireflies are _____.

A)Heterotrophic invertebrates
B)Heterotrophic vertebrates
C)Autotrophic invertebrates
D)Autotrophic vertebrates

Question 71

The example of what happened to the reindeer population in 1964 that had been previously introduced to St.Matthew Island in the Bering Sea represents what is referred to as a population boom.

Question 72

When exponential growth is plotted over time an S-shaped curve emerges.

Question 73

Governments of France,Canada,and China offer financial incentives to encourage citizens to have children.

Question 74

The maximum number of individuals of a population that a habitat can support indefinitely is its carrying capacity.

Question 75

Conditions whose growth-limiting effects increase as a population grows are density independent factors.

Question 76

Fireflies identifying members of the same species by the duration of their flashes would be most important in which of the following?

A)Allopatric speciation
B)Parapatric speciation
C)Autopatric speciation
D)Sympatric speciation
E)Gradualism