Deck 31: Digestion and Animal Nutrition

Question 1

A nutrient is a substance that an organism uses for:

A)Growth
B)Metabolism
C)Maintenance
D)Repair of tissues
E)All are correct

Answer 1

E

Question 2

In herbivores,cellulose is primarily broken down:

A)By powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivores stomach glands
B)By powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivores salivary glands
C)By helminthes living within the herbivore
D)By bacteria living within the herbivore gastrointestinal tract
E)By powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivores intestinal glands

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following produces bile?

A)Gall bladder
B)Liver
C)Stomach
D)Pancreas
E)Appendix

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Animals that strain partially decayed organic matter from soil are termed:

A)Substrate feeders
B)Suspension feeders
C)Fluid feeders
D)Deposit feeders
E)Bulk feeders

Question 5

Animals that drink their food are termed:

A)Bulk feeders
B)Substrate feeders
C)Suspension feeders
D)Deposit feeders
E)Fluid feeders

Question 6

The cecum is the largest in:

A)Protozoans
B)Omnivores
C)Carnivores
D)Herbivores
E)Detritivores

Question 7

Rhythmic smooth muscle contractions occurring along the human digestive system that propel food along the system are termed:

A)Countercurrent exchange
B)Phagocytosis
C)Peristalsis
D)Rumination
E)Sphincter contractions

Question 8

Animals that consume decaying organic matter as their main source of food are:

A)Omnivores
B)Carnivores
C)Detritivores
D)Herbivores
E)Insectivores

Question 9

Animals that hunt and eat essentially only other animals are:

A)Omnivores
B)Carnivores
C)Herbivores
D)Detritivores
E)Folivores

Question 10

Animals that eat only plants are:

A)Omnivores
B)Herbivores
C)Carnivores
D)Detritivores
E)Insectivores

Question 11

Animals that live in their food and eat it from the inside are termed:

A)Substrate feeders
B)Suspension feeders
C)Deposit feeders
D)Fluid feeders
E)Bulk feeders

Question 12

Animals that eat a broad variety of foods,including plants and animals are:

A)Carnivores
B)Herbivores
C)Detritivores
D)Omnivores
E)Insectivores

Question 13

Animals that strain their food from particles in water are termed:

A)Substrate feeders
B)Deposit feeders
C)Suspension feeders
D)Fluid feeders
E)Bulk feeders

Question 14

The only animals that rely solely on intracellular digestion are:

A)Earthworms
B)Sponges
C)Clams
D)Starfish
E)Jellyfish

Question 15

Which of the following is not considered to be a primary organ in the human digestive system?

A)Esophagus
B)Mouth
C)Liver
D)Stomach
E)Small intestine

Question 16

In animals the pouch that forms the entrance to the large intestine is the:

A)Gastrovascular cavity
B)Rumen
C)Cecum
D)Anus
E)Appendix

Question 17

The main site of food absorption in the human digestive system is the:

A)Stomach
B)Esophagus
C)Small intestine
D)Large intestine
E)Rectum

Question 18

In sequence of their occurrence,the four major steps that vertebrate organisms use to obtain and use food are:

A)Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination
B)Ingestion, absorption, digestion, and elimination
C)Absorption, ingestion, digestion, and elimination
D)Absorption, digestion, ingestion, and elimination
E)Digestion, absorption, ingestion, and elimination

Question 19

The function of bile is to:

A)Digest proteins
B)Digest carbohydrates
C)Emulsify fats
D)Digest nucleotides
E)Emulsify proteins

Question 20

The main site of water and mineral absorption in the human digestive system is the:

A)Stomach
B)Esophagus
C)Small intestine
D)Large intestine
E)Rectum

Question 21

If a person eats large quantities of food and then intentionally vomits,constantly going through what are called binge and purge patterns,they most likely suffer from the eating disorder known as:

A)Anorexia nervosa
B)Morbid obesity
C)Copious intake
D)Hypoglycemia
E)Bulimia

Question 22

The energy needed to raise one kilogram of water from 14.5 degrees centigrade to 15.5 degrees centigrade under controlled conditions is:

A)One kilocalorie
B)One calorie
C)One joule
D)One erg
E)One gram

Question 23

Which of the following is caused by a vitamin C deficiency?

A)Rickets
B)Beriberi
C)Scurvy
D)Pellagra
E)Pernicious anemia

Question 24

A primary source of vitamin C in our diets is:

A)Red meat
B)Beans
C)Citrus fruit
D)Fish
E)Nuts

Question 25

Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B12?

A)Scurvy
B)Rickets
C)Beriberi
D)Pellagra
E)Pernicious anemia

Question 26

Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D?

A)Rickets
B)Scurvy
C)Beriberi
D)Pellagra
E)Pernicious anemia

Question 27

The enzyme that breaks down fats is:

A)Lactase
B)Amylase
C)Pepsin
D)Lipase
E)Bile

Question 28

The enzyme that breaks down protein is:

A)Lipase
B)Lactase
C)Pepsin
D)Amylase
E)Bile

Question 29

The three main regions of the human small intestine proceeding in sequence from the stomach to the large intestine are:

A)Duodenum, ileum, and jejunum
B)Ileum, duodenum, and jejunum
C)Ileum, jejunum, and duodenum
D)Jejunum, ileum, and duodenum
E)Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 30

Which of the following is caused by a vitamin B1 (Thiamine)deficiency?

A)Scurvy
B)Rickets
C)Pellagra
D)Beriberi
E)Pernicious anemia

Question 31

The structure that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing,thereby preventing food from entering the air passage way is the:

A)Epiglottis
B)Cecum
C)Rumen
D)Uvula
E)Soft palate

Question 32

Tiny finger-like projections along the small intestine that are used to absorb nutrients are:

A)Cilia
B)Flagella
C)Villi
D)Pacinian corpuscles
E)Tentacles

Question 33

Rings of muscle in the digestive tract that can open and close,regulating the movement of food into or out of parts of the digestive system are:

A)Rumens
B)Sphincters
C)Chymes
D)Villi
E)Uvulas

Question 34

Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of Niacin?

A)Scurvy
B)Pellagra
C)Rickets
D)Beriberi
E)Pernicious anemia

Question 35

The enzyme that breaks down the main sugar found in milk is:

A)Lipase
B)Amylase
C)Lactase
D)Pepsin
E)Bile

Question 36

The human large intestine is about _________________ in length.

A)Three feet
B)One foot
C)Five feet
D)Ten feet
E)Twenty feet

Question 37

The enzyme that breaks down starch is:

A)Lipase
B)Lactase
C)Pepsin
D)Amylase
E)Bile

Question 38

The muscular tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach is the:

A)Larynx
B)Trachea
C)Esophagus
D)Glottis
E)Bronchus

Question 39

The semisolid mass of food and gastric juice in the human stomach is termed:

A)Feces
B)Chyme
C)Glottis
D)Cud
E)Mash

Question 40

Morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI (body mass index)of at least:

A)Ten to fifteen
B)Forty
C)Twenty
D)Twenty-five
E)Thirty

Question 41

Most multivitamins should be taken with a meal for which reason?

A)To provide the energy needed to use the vitamins
B)To help with the absorption of water soluble vitamins
C)To help with the absorption of fat soluble vitamins
D)To provide food for the vitamins to break down
E)To provide the energy needed to synthesize more vitamins

Question 42

Unlike humans,cows emit up to 200 L of methane (CH₄)through belching each day.Which of the following explains this difference?

A)Cows have a stomach
B)Cows have an intestine
C)Cows don't have a pyloric sphincter
D)Cows don't have an esophagus
E)Cows have a rumen

Question 43

Antacids would be effective in which part of the digestive system?

A)Mouth
B)Esophagus
C)Small intestine
D)Stomach
E)Large intestine

Question 44

Crohn's disease can affect any area of the GI tract,from the mouth to the anus,but it most commonly affects the lower part of the small intestine called the ____.

A)Jejunum
B)Duodenum
C)Ileum
D)Cecum
E)Colon

Question 45

When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten,their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi.Which of the following symptoms would a person with celiac disease have?

A)Decreased peristalsis
B)Increased pH in their intestines
C)Increased digestive enzymes in their intestines
D)Decreased absorption of nutrients
E)Decreased bile in their intestines

Question 46

If a person has their gall bladder removed they are typically put on a low fat diet.Which of the following would explain this recommendation?

A)Bile acids cannot be produced
B)Bile acids cannot be removed from the intestines
C)Bile acids cannot be released following a meal
D)Lipase cannot be released following a meal
E)Lipase cannot be produced

Question 47

A person with pancreatitis would be predicted to have which of the following symptoms?

A)Decreased insulin and bile acid production
B)Decreased insulin production
C)Decreased digestive enzyme production
D)Decreased insulin and digestive enzyme production
E)Decreased bile acid production

Question 48

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin which prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.Which of the following would be inhibited in the gut of a person with botulism?

A)Blood circulation
B)Lymphatic circulation
C)Absorption of food
D)Peristalsis
E)Absorption of water

Question 49

Each epithelial cell on the villi of the small intestine contains 500 microvilli.What is the purpose of these microvilli?

A)To increase surface area for food absorption
B)To beat and move food through the intestines
C)To contract and move food through the intestines
D)To release mucus that protects the intestines from infection
E)To release digestive enzymes

Question 50

It is estimated that more than 30 million Americans have gallstones,80% of which are cholesterol stones.Which of the following could explain the presence of cholesterol in gallstones?

A)Cholesterol levels exceed the capacity of bile acids to digest them
B)Cholesterol cannot be converted into bile acids
C)Cholesterol dissolves well in water
D)Cholesterol levels exceed the capacity of bile acids to solubilize them
E)Cholesterol stops being produced by the liver

Question 51

Bile acid sequestrants are drugs that bind to bile acids in the intestines and prevent their normal reabsorption in the large intestine.How would bile acid sequestrants lower a patient's blood cholesterol level?

A)Bile acids bind to cholesterol in the blood
B)Bile acids prevent cholesterol from being absorbed from the diet
C)More cholesterol would be converted into bile acids
D)Bile acids can be converted into cholesterol
E)Cholesterol requires bile acids to be soluble in the blood

Question 52

Soap is made by oxidizing fats.Bile acids are produced in the body by oxidizing cholesterol.Which of the following is a role of bile acids?

A)Oxidation of fats
B)Enzymatic digestion of proteins
C)Emulsifying fats
D)Neutralizing bases in the intestines
E)Producing acid for the stomach

Question 53

In Western countries up to 10% of the population develops gastric ulcers,many due to Helicobacter pylori.One adaptation this bacteria has is to secrete urease which produces the base ammonia from urea.How would this contribute to Helicobacter pylori causing ulcers?

A)Ammonia could be used as a food source for bacteria
B)Ammonia would cause the ulcers
C)Ammonia would prevent the immune system from killing the bacteria
D)Ammonia would neutralize stomach acids allowing bacteria to grow
E)Ammonia would kill the bacteria

Question 54

Smelling food causes a hungry person to salivate.Which of the following begins to be digested in saliva?

A)Proteins
B)Fats
C)Carbohydrates
D)Nucleic acids

Question 55

Acid reflux would occur under which of the following conditions?

A)Stomach contents leak into the duodenum
B)Contents of the esophagus leak into the duodenum
C)Contents of the esophagus leak into the stomach
D)Stomach contents leak into the esophagus
E)Contents of the duodenum leak into the stomach

Question 56

A person suffering from lactose intolerance cannot break down the disaccharide lactose.Where would lactose be found in a person with lactose intolerance,but not in a lactose tolerant person?

A)In the mouth
B)In the stomach
C)In the large intestine
D)In the small intestine

Question 57

Beano is a product containing an enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates in beans and other vegetables,thereby reducing gas production when these foods are eaten.Why would humans need to take Beano to avoid gas?

A)If they don't break down the complex carbohydrates, bacteria in their colon will
B)If they don't break down the complex carbohydrates, bacteria in their small intestine will
C)Complex carbohydrates react with acid in the stomach to produce gas
D)Complex carbohydrates react with saliva in the mouth to produce gas
E)Complex carbohydrates cannot be broken down and cause constipation

Question 58

Cows emit up to 200 L of methane (CH₄)through belching each day.The methane is produced by bacteria in their gut breaking down cellulose.The fact that cows belch methane and not carbon dioxide (CO₂)suggests which of the following is occurring?

A)Aerobic fermentation
B)Anaerobic respiration
C)Anaerobic fermentation
D)Aerobic respiration

Question 59

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin which prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.What advantage would the bacteria gain by secreting the toxin?

A)Avoid the immune system
B)Prevent the body from excreting the bacteria
C)Decrease removal of food from the gut
D)Increase respiration
E)Prevent other bacteria from growing in the gut

Question 60

A person suffering from lactose intolerance cannot break down the disaccharide lactose.Why would a person with lactose intolerance have abdominal cramps?

A)The intestines get more energy from the lactose and grow in size, increasing abdominal pressure
B)The lactose is acidic, causing a peptic ulcer
C)Lactose is taken up into the blood stream increasing blood flow and abdominal pressure
D)More water enters the stomach, increasing in abdominal pressure
E)Bacteria break down the lactose releasing carbon dioxide gas

Question 61

The pyloric sphincter lies between the small intestine and large intestine,thereby controlling the movement of food into the large intestine.

Question 62

An Australian redback spider that eats her mate is which of the following?

A)Herbivore
B)Ruminant
C)Detritivore
D)Carnivore
E)Deposit feeder

Question 63

A person who is lactose intolerant may be able to eat dairy products such as yogurt because those products have already been fermented.

Question 64

In herbivores the cecum is small because the food they ingest is easily digested.

Question 65

Sexual cannibalism in Australian redback spiders supports which definition of natural selection best?

A)Survival of the fittest
B)Evolution of the fittest
C)Reproduction of the fittest
D)Consumption of the fittest
E)Digestion of the fittest

Question 66

figure 31.21
In figure 31.21,what is the dependent variable?

A)Copulation duration of the second male
B)If cannibalization occurred
C)If the males were sterile
D)Proportion of eggs fertilized by a second male
E)If the female ate the male

Question 67

Elaborate courtship rituals are an example of which of the following?

A)Sexual selection
B)Artificial selection
C)Directional selection
D)Post-zygotic selection
E)Stabilizing selection

Question 68

The human small intestine is shorter than the large intestine.

Question 69

The solid waste that leaves the digestive tract of a vertebrate is called chyme.

Question 70

How do female Australian redback spiders avoid mistaking the males as prey?

A)The males are larger, so the females cannot eat them
B)They cannot, which is why the males get eaten
C)The males release pheromones
D)Elaborate courtship rituals
E)Spiders don't eat other spiders

Question 71

Which argument was made to conclude that by eating their mates Australian redback spiders were providing extra nutrients for their offspring?

A)The female spider is much larger than the male
B)Spiders that ate their mate did not produce more eggs
C)Female spiders mistook the males as prey
D)The female spider is much larger than the male and eating her mate did not increase the mass of eggs produced
E)Female spiders mistook the males as prey and eating her mate did not increase the mass of eggs produced

Question 72

The trace mineral iron is necessary in humans for the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin molecules.

Question 73

An Australian redback spider has a complete digestive tract.What is the advantage of this over an incomplete digestive tract?

A)Absorption of food is more efficient
B)It doubles as a circulatory and digestive system
C)The food is broken into smaller particles and absorption of food is more efficient
D)The food is broken into smaller particles
E)It doubles as a circulatory and digestive system so absorption of food is more efficient

Question 74

Acid reflux or "heartburn" is caused when the gastric juice moves back into the esophagus through the pyloric sphincter.

Question 75

The giant panda has a very restricted habitat because of the giant panda's diet of essentially only bamboo.

Question 76

figure 31.21
In figure 31.21,what is the independent variable?

A)Proportion of eggs fertilized by a second male
B)If cannibalization occurred
C)If the males were sterile
D)Copulation duration of the second male
E)If the female ate the male

Question 77

What was the benefit to a male Australian redback spider that explains why it lets itself be cannibalized by its mate?

A)It did not become sterile
B)It provided nutrients for its young
C)There was no benefit to the male because it was now dead
D)It allowed the male to mate with more than one female
E)It fertilized more eggs

Question 78

The process by which a cell engulfs particulate matter is phagocytosis.

Question 79

The lining of both the stomach and small intestines is protected from digestive enzymes by a mucus secretion.

Question 80

A spider has both a mouth and anus,so it must have which of the following?

A)A gastrovascular cavity
B)An alimentary canal
C)A cecum
D)A rumen
E)A digestive cavity