Deck 25: The Nervous System

Question 1

The part of the neuron that is usually highly branched and receives input from other neurons is the:

A)Dendrite
B)Axon
C)Synapse
D)Cell body
E)Node of Ranvier

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The cells that detect internal and external conditions are:

A)Sensors
B)Motivators
C)Effectors
D)Collaborators
E)Axons

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The type of neuron that connects one neuron to another within the central nervous system is the:

A)Synaptic neuron
B)Interneuron
C)Sensory neuron
D)Motor neuron
E)Schwann cell

Answer 3

B

Question 4

An atom or molecule with an electrical charge is:

A)An isomer
B)An isotope
C)An ion
D)A neurotransmitter
E)An acid

Question 5

The short intervals between Schwann cells along axons are called:

A)Trigger zones
B)Axons
C)Synapses
D)Dendrites
E)Nodes of Ranvier

Question 6

The division of the nervous system that integrates sensory information and coordinates the body's response is the:

A)Peripheral nervous system
B)Central nervous system
C)Somatic nervous system
D)Autonomic nervous system
E)Sympathetic nervous system

Question 7

The junctions between one neuron and another neuron are called:

A)Axons
B)Dendrites
C)Synapses
D)Trigger zones
E)Nodes of Ranvier

Question 8

The three types of neurons in the nervous system of humans are:

A)Interneurons, synaptic neurons, and neuroglia
B)Synaptic neurons, motor neurons, and Schwann cells
C)Sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons
D)Schwann cells, sensory neurons, and neuroglia
E)Synaptic neurons, motor neurons, and sensory neurons

Question 9

The type of neuron that conducts its message from the central nervous system toward an effector is the:

A)Synaptic neuron
B)Interneuron
C)Motor neuron
D)Sensory neuron
E)Schwann cell

Question 10

In the peripheral nervous system,neuroglia called __________________ form the myelin sheath.

A)Companion cells
B)Triglycerides
C)Schwann cells
D)Alpha cells
E)Trigger cells

Question 11

The rounded part of a neuron containing the nucleus and mitochondria is the:

A)Node of Ranvier
B)Axon
C)Synapse
D)Dendrite
E)Cell body

Question 12

The area of a neuron where most neural impulses begin that has a higher concentration of sodium channels than the cell body or dendrite is a:

A)Trigger zone
B)Axon
C)Synapse
D)Schwann cell
E)Node of Ranvier

Question 13

Usually the ________________ conducts nerve impulses from the cell body to a muscle,gland,or another neuron.

A)Dendrite
B)Axon
C)Trigger zone
D)Cell body
E)Schwann cells

Question 14

The part of the neuron that is usually a single long extension that conducts an impulse to a muscle or another neuron is the:

A)Synapse
B)Cell body
C)Axon
D)Dendrite
E)Node of Ranvier

Question 15

A motor neuron's __________ and ___________ reside in the central nervous system,but its ____________ extends into the peripheral nervous system.

A)Cell body, dendrites, axon
B)Axon, cell body, trigger zone
C)Dendrites, axon, cell body
D)Axon, cell body, dendrites
E)None of the above are correct

Question 16

The three major roles of the human nervous system are:

A)Sensory integration, glandular response, and motor response
B)Seeing, feeling, and hearing
C)Sensory input, sensory integration, and motor response
D)Smooth muscle response, cardiac muscle response, and skeletal muscle response

Question 17

The sodium-potassium pump requires energy and a specialized protein to move ions across a nerve cell membrane.Therefore the movement of these ions is a form of:

A)Simple diffusion
B)Active transport
C)Osmosis
D)Phagocytosis
E)Facilitated diffusion

Question 18

A sleep disorder in which the brain's breathing center briefly quits working is:

A)Insomnia
B)Sleep apnea
C)Narcolepsy
D)Sleeping sickness
E)Stroke

Question 19

The state of a neuron when it is not conducting a nerve impulse is:

A)An action potential of -70 millivolts
B)A resting potential of -70 millivolts
C)A resting potential of +35 millivolts
D)An action potential of +35 millivolts

Question 20

The type of neuron that brings information toward the central nervous system is the:

A)Synaptic neuron
B)Interneuron
C)Motor neuron
D)Sensory neuron
E)Schwann cell

Question 21

During an action potential:

A)Sodium ions rush out of the cell switching the potential to +35 millivolts
B)Sodium ions rush into the cell switching the potential to -70 millivolts
C)Sodium ions rush into the cell switching the potential to +35 millivolts
D)Sodium ions rush out of the cell switching the potential to -70 millivolts

Question 22

The part of the brain that is responsible for homeostatic control of most organs is the:

A)Cerebellum
B)Hypothalamus
C)Medulla oblongata
D)Pons
E)Cerebrum

Question 23

In nerve impulse transmission the neuron sending the message across a synapse is called the:

A)Postsynaptic cell
B)Schwann cell
C)Presynaptic cell
D)Motor cell
E)Receptor neuron

Question 24

The condition that develops when there is excess GABA leading to excess dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain is:

A)Insomnia
B)Epilepsy
C)Alzheimer disease
D)Parkinson disease
E)Huntington disease

Question 25

The condition that develops when acetylcholine levels in the brain are deficient is:

A)Epilepsy
B)Insomnia
C)Parkinson disease
D)Huntington disease
E)Alzheimer disease

Question 26

The condition that develops when GABA levels in the brain are deficient is:

A)Epilepsy
B)Insomnia
C)Huntington disease
D)Alzheimer disease
E)Parkinson disease

Question 27

Nodes of Ranvier are intervals between Schwann cells that _____ the conduction of nerve impulses.

A)Slow
B)Have no effect on
C)Trigger
D)Speed
E)Completely block

Question 28

The condition that develops when serotonin levels in the brain are deficient is:

A)Insomnia
B)Epilepsy
C)Alzheimer disease
D)Parkinson disease
E)Huntington disease

Question 29

A chemical that travels from a sending neuron to a receiving neuron is called a(an):

A)Synaptic cleft
B)Action potential
C)Hormone
D)Neurotransmitter
E)Neurotoxin

Question 30

The part of the brain that coordinates muscular movements is the:

A)Cerebellum
B)Hypothalamus
C)Medulla oblongata
D)Pons
E)Cerebrum

Question 31

The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals to voluntary muscles is the:

A)Somatic system
B)Autonomic system
C)Sympathetic system
D)Parasympathetic system
E)None of the above are correct

Question 32

In myelinated axons:

A)Potassium ions can diffuse into the axon only at nodes of Ranvier
B)Sodium ions can diffuse into the axon only at nodes of Ranvier
C)Sodium ions can diffuse out of the axon only at nodes of Ranvier
D)All are correct

Question 33

In a neuron at rest:

A)Active transport is not occurring
B)Sodium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside
C)Very little metabolism is taking place
D)The inside of a neuron is positively charged as compared to the outside
E)Potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside

Question 34

The part of the brain that regulates essential functions such as breathing,blood pressure,and heart rate is the:

A)Cerebellum
B)Hypothalamus
C)Medulla oblongata
D)Pons
E)Cerebrum

Question 35

A nerve impulse travels about __________ times faster when it leaps between nodes of Ranvier than when it travels along an un-myelinated axon.

A)5
B)10
C)20
D)100
E)50

Question 36

The condition that develops when dopamine levels in the brain are deficient is:

A)Epilepsy
B)Insomnia
C)Alzheimer disease
D)Huntington disease
E)Parkinson disease

Question 37

The nervous tissue of the central nervous system that consists of neuron cell bodies and synapses is the:

A)White matter
B)White corpuscles
C)Grey matter
D)Red corpuscles
E)Red matter

Question 38

The part of the central nervous system that conducts information to and from the brain is the:

A)Motor neuron
B)Spinal cord
C)Sensory neuron
D)Brainstem
E)Medulla oblongata

Question 39

The nervous tissue that consists of myelinated axons transmitting information throughout the central nervous system is the:

A)White corpuscles
B)Grey matter
C)Red corpuscles
D)Red matter
E)White matter

Question 40

Usually nerve impulses travel from one neuron to another by:

A)Neurotransmitters
B)Action potentials
C)Resting potentials
D)Threshold potentials
E)Nodes of Ranvier

Question 41

Toxins produced by scorpions cause sodium ion channels to become stuck open.These toxins cause pain by:

A)Depolarizing motor neurons
B)Polarizing sensory neurons
C)Polarizing motor neurons
D)Polarizing interneurons
E)Depolarizing sensory neurons

Question 42

Why would this lead to paralysis and death?

A)Neurons run out of energy
B)Neurons swell because of increased osmosis
C)Neurons can't recharge
D)Neurons can't fire without a voltage change
E)Neurons cannot release neurotransmitters

Question 43

What does the puffer fish neurotoxin tetrodotoxin directly inhibit?

A)Proteins involved in active transport
B)Channel proteins involved in osmosis
C)Proteins involved in ATP synthesis
D)Channel proteins involved in diffusion
E)Relaxation of muscles

Question 44

Toxins released by black widow spider venom cause an explosive release of acetylcholine from neurons.These toxins cause paralysis by:

A)Inhibiting synthesis of acetylcholine
B)Triggering increased exocytosis of vesicles containing acetylcholine
C)Triggering increased synthesis of acetylcholine
D)Inhibiting exocytosis of vesicles containing acetylcholine
E)Blocking diffusion of acetylcholine out through channel proteins

Question 45

The layered membranes that jacket the central nervous system are the:

A)Grey matter
B)Meninges
C)White matter
D)Epidermis
E)Myelin sheaths

Question 46

In a spinal cord injury,nerve signals cannot proceed past the location of the injury.A person who is paraplegic can move their head,arm,neck,and hands,but not their abdomen or legs.Which part of their spinal cord was damaged?

A)Thoracic
B)Cervical
C)Lumbar
D)Sacral
E)Coccyx

Question 47

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,or Lou Gehrig's disease,causes muscle weakness and atrophy due to a decrease in stimulation by which types of neurons?

A)Motor neurons
B)Sensory neurons
C)Interneurons
D)Motor and sensory neurons
E)Sensory and interneurons

Question 48

A neuron recharges when:

A)Na⁺ ions are actively pumped against their concentration gradient
B)Na⁺ ions spontaneously move down their concentration gradient
C)Na⁺ ions spontaneously move against their concentration gradient
D)Na⁺ ions are actively pumped down their concentration gradient

Question 49

Dopamine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter released into neuromuscular synapses.Patients with schizophrenia have increased dopamine.Which symptoms would be expected in a patient with schizophrenia?

A)Slowed voluntary movements
B)Slowed senses
C)Hyperactive voluntary movements
D)Decreased mental ability and memory loss
E)Excessive sleeping

Question 50

Dopamine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter released into neuromuscular synapses.Patients with Parkinson disease have decreased dopamine.Which symptoms would be expected in a patient with Parkinson disease?

A)Hyperactive voluntary movements
B)Slowed senses
C)Slowed voluntary movements
D)Decreased mental ability and memory loss
E)Excessive sleeping

Question 51

What effect would Reminyl have on a neuron's ability to fire?

A)It would decrease
B)It would stay the same
C)It would increase

Question 52

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which a person raises antibodies against myelin.How would this affect the nervous system?

A)Nerve impulses travel faster
B)Nerves fire continuously
C)Nerves cannot fire
D)Nerve impulses travel more slowly
E)Nerves cannot release neurotransmitters to pass the signal to muscles

Question 53

Based on the description above,how does Reminyl work?

A)By inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase
B)By blocking Na ion facilitated diffusion
C)By blocking Na ion active transport
D)By binding to the acetylcholine receptor
E)By binding to acetylcholine

Question 54

In a spinal cord injury,nerve signals cannot proceed past the location of the injury.A person who is quadriplegic can move their head and neck,but not their arms,abdomen,or legs.Which part of their spinal cord was damaged?

A)Thoracic
B)Lumbar
C)Cervical
D)Sacral
E)Coccyx

Question 55

Toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum (botulism toxin)block the release of acetylcholine from neurons.These toxins work by:

A)Inhibiting synthesis of acetylcholine
B)Triggering increased synthesis of acetylcholine
C)Triggering increased exocytosis of vesicles containing acetylcholine
D)Inhibiting exocytosis of vesicles containing acetylcholine
E)Blocking diffusion of acetylcholine out through channel proteins

Question 56

A neuron fires when:

A)Na⁺ ions move against their concentration gradient spontaneously
B)Na⁺ ions are actively pumped down their concentration gradient
C)Na⁺ ions move down their concentration gradient spontaneously
D)Na⁺ ions are actively pumped against their concentration gradient

Question 57

Which of the following best describes how a neuron fires?

A)Na⁺ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon.
B)Vesicles carry neurotransmitters from the nucleus to the other end of the neuron.
C)Na⁺ ions enter one end of the neuron and diffuse to the other end down the axon.
D)Neurotransmitters enter one end of the neuron and diffuse to the other end down the axon.
E)Neurotransmitters cross the plasma membrane creating a wave that travels down the axon.

Question 58

Drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)block reuptake of serotonin and are used to treat depression.Which of the following would occur in a patient given a SSRI?

A)Serotonin levels would decrease in the synapse
B)Serotonin levels would increase in the synapse
C)More serotonin would be released by the neuron
D)Less serotonin would be released by the neuron

Question 59

Acetylcholine is which of the following?

A)An enzyme
B)A neurotransmitter
C)A voltage gated ion channel
D)A receptor
E)A source of fuel for neurons

Question 60

The part of the brain that controls the qualities of what we consider the "mind" is the:

A)Cerebellum
B)Hypothalamus
C)Cerebrum
D)Medulla oblongata
E)Pons

Question 61

Which of the following support the hypothesis that Na⁺ transport is affected by saxitoxin?

A)Human cells are resistant to saxitoxin while clam cells are sensitive to saxitoxin
B)Clam cells transformed with the mutated form of the Na⁺ transporter were more resistant to saxitoxin
C)Removing Na⁺ from the clams makes them resistant to saxitoxin
D)Human cells are sensitive to saxitoxin while clam cells are resistant to saxitoxin
E)Na⁺ ion concentration did not affect uptake of saxitoxin by clam cells

Question 62

Unmyelinated regions between adjacent myelin sheath cells are called synaptic clefts.

Question 63

The dendrite,also called the nerve fiber is typically a single long extension of the cell body.

Question 64

In Figure 25.21 the researchers measured a clam's ability to burrow as an indicator of paralysis due to inhibition of a Na⁺ transporter by saxitoxin.Which of the following would occur in sensitive clam cells that have been exposed to saxitoxin?

A)Na⁺ ions would no longer be able to leave a neuron by facilitated diffusion
B)Na⁺ ions would no longer be able to leave a neuron by active transport
C)Na⁺ ions would no longer be able to enter a neuron by active transport
D)Na⁺ ions would no longer be able to enter a neuron by facilitated diffusion

Question 65

The toxins responsible for most shellfish poisonings are water-soluble,heat and acid-stable,and ordinary cooking methods do not eliminate the toxins.Would you predict saxitoxin to affect myelinated and non-myelinated neurons equally?

A)Yes, because all neurons have Na⁺ transporters
B)No, because saxitoxin will not be able to diffuse through the myelin
C)Yes, because saxitoxin works at the synapses of neurons, and thus would be able to access both types of neurons equally
D)No, because myelinated neurons have a smaller Na⁺ gradient, and thus will be more resistant

Question 66

During an action potential sodium ions pour into the cell.

Question 67

Which of the following neurons would you predict to be sensitive to saxitoxin?

A)All neurons would be sensitive
B)Sensory neurons
C)Interneurons
D)Motor neurons

Question 68

A typical neuron consists of a cell body,dendrites,and an axon.

Question 69

How would exposure to saxitoxin from algae cause changes in clams?

A)Saxitoxin would cause mutations to occur in the clam's DNA
B)Saxitoxin would increase the mutation rates in clams
C)Saxitoxin would select existing mutations in the clam population
D)Clams sensitive to saxitoxin would migrate away from the algae bloom
E)Clams would want to change their Na⁺ transporters to become resistant to saxitoxin

Question 70

Only motor neurons reside entirely within the central nervous system.

Question 71

A nerve impulse does not spread backwards because of a refractory period in which the membrane reestablishes its resting potential and cannot generate another action potential.

Question 72

Why would saxitoxin be water soluble?

A)The amino and hydroxyl groups could form hydrogen bonds with water
B)The ring structures would be attracted to each other through non-polar interactions
C)Saxitoxin does not have any carbon atoms, and is therefore polar
D)Saxitoxin is an ion, which thus dissolves easily in water
E)Saxitoxin bioaccumulates up trophic levels, so it must be water soluble

Question 73

If a person has a stroke and their speech becomes impaired,which region of the brain was likely to be affected?

A)Parietal lobe
B)Frontal lobe
C)Occipital lobe
D)Temporal lobe
E)Brainstem

Question 74

Neurons that connect one neuron to another within the central nervous system are the interneurons.

Question 75

If a person with a brain tumor develops impaired vision,which region of the brain was likely to be affected?

A)Frontal lobe
B)Parietal lobe
C)Temporal lobe
D)Occipital lobe
E)Brainstem

Question 76

In figure 25.2,the evolution of nervous systems in vertebrates and invertebrates is shown.Given that humans who eat clams contaminated with saxitoxin develop paralysis,which of the following statements is most likely correct?

A)Clams and humans have very distinct nervous systems
B)Clams and humans both have a spinal cord
C)Na⁺ transporters in clams and humans evolved from a common ancestor
D)Clams and humans have identical nervous systems
E)Na⁺ transporters in clams and humans work by separate mechanisms

Question 77

A neural impulse usually begins at the nodes of Ranvier within the axon.

Question 78

Some shellfish can store saxitoxin for several weeks after a harmful algal bloom passes,but others such as butterclams are known to store the toxin for up to two years.A human eating a mussel that ate algae would be which of the following?

A)A producer
B)A primary consumer
C)A tertiary consumer
D)A secondary consumer
E)A detritovore

Question 79

In Figure 25.21,which of the following was the dependent variable?

A)The concentration of saxitoxin fed to the clams
B)The rate of Na⁺ flow across the membrane of the clam neuron
C)The ability of clams to burrow
D)The location from which the clams were isolated
E)The species of algae fed to the clams

Question 80

If a neuron is at rest the concentration of potassium ions is greatest outside the cell and the concentration of sodium ions is greatest inside the cell.