Deck 23: Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants

Question 1

Whorl one,the outermost whorl of a flower is made up of:

A)The female parts of a flower
B)The male parts of a flower
C)The sepals
D)The petals
E)The stem region

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The whorl of a flower that consists of the female reproductive parts is the:

A)Carpel
B)Calyx
C)Stamen
D)Stigma
E)Corolla

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Angiosperms owe their widespread distribution to their production of pollen,seeds and flowers.Why is the production of seeds an advantage?

A)It allows fertilization in the absence of water
B)It protects and nourishes the embryo
C)It is necessary for sexual reproduction
D)It allows fertilization in moist areas
E)It promotes pollination

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The whorl of a flower that consists of all petals is the:

A)Calyx
B)Stamen
C)Stigma
D)Carpel
E)Corolla

Question 5

The egg-bearing structure of a flower is the:

A)Stigma
B)Ovary
C)Style
D)Anther
E)Sepal

Question 6

Whorl two of a flower is made up of:

A)The petals
B)The female parts of a flower
C)The male parts of a flower
D)The sepals
E)The stem region

Question 7

Angiosperms owe their widespread distribution to their production of pollen,seeds and flowers.Why is the production of flowers an advantage?

A)It allows fertilization in the absence of water
B)It is necessary for sexual reproduction
C)It promotes pollination
D)It allows fertilization in moist areas
E)It protects and nourishes the embryo

Question 8

Whorl four of a flower is made up of:

A)The male reproductive parts of a flower
B)The sepals
C)The petals
D)The female reproductive parts of a flower
E)The stem region

Question 9

Angiosperms owe their widespread distribution to their production of pollen,seeds,and flowers.Why is the production of pollen an advantage?

A)It allows fertilization in the absence of water
B)It is necessary for sexual reproduction
C)It allows fertilization in moist areas
D)It promotes pollination
E)It protects and nourishes the embryo

Question 10

In all major groups of multicellular organisms _______________ produces the cells that begin the haploid generation,and _________________ unites the gametes to begin the diploid generation.

A)Mitosis, pollination
B)Meiosis, fertilization
C)Pollination, fertilization
D)Fertilization, meiosis
E)Fertilization, mitosis

Question 11

The sporophyte generation of a plant is _________________ and produces ___________________ spores.

A)Triploid, diploid
B)Haploid, diploid
C)Triploid, haploid
D)Diploid, haploid
E)Multicellular, diploid

Question 12

Whorl three of a flower is made up of:

A)The female parts of a flower
B)The male parts of a flower
C)The sepals
D)The petals
E)The stem region

Question 13

The whorl of a flower that consists of all the sepals is the:

A)Stamen
B)Stigma
C)Calyx
D)Carpel
E)Corolla

Question 14

Clones are:

A)Offspring that are produced sexually and are genetically identical to their parent
B)Offspring that are genetically identical to their parent
C)Produced by asexual reproduction
D)Offspring that are produced asexually and are genetically identical to their parent
E)Produced by sexual reproduction

Question 15

A scion is:

A)A part of a plant that is grafted to root stock of a closely related plant
B)Is a tetraploid zygote formed from the union of two diploid nuclei
C)Is a triploid zygote that develops into endoderm
D)Is the root stock that another plant part is grafted to
E)A clone of a plant created by tissue culture in a lab

Question 16

A group of plant cells that have been grown artificially in a laboratory tissue culture,and have become a lump of unspecialized plant tissue that can produce new plants is a(an):

A)Tetraploid zygote
B)Scion
C)Amnion
D)Stigma
E)Callus

Question 17

A sweet substance used by many angiosperms to lure pollinators is:

A)Pollen
B)Honey
C)"Honey Dew"
D)Phloem sap
E)Nectar

Question 18

The pollen-producing body of a flower is the:

A)Stigma
B)Style
C)Ovary
D)Sepal
E)Anther

Question 19

The whorl of a flower that consists of the male reproductive parts is the:

A)Stamen
B)Calyx
C)Stigma
D)Carpel
E)Corolla

Question 20

The number of similar anatomical parts called whorls that make up a flower is:

A)One
B)Two
C)Three
D)Four
E)Five

Question 21

The resumption of growth and development after a period of seed dormancy is broken is:

A)Germination
B)Fertilization
C)Pollination
D)Stagnation
E)Transpiration

Question 22

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from a(an)_______________ to a receptive ________________.

A)Ovary, stigma
B)Stigma, ovary
C)Stigma, anther
D)Anther, stigma
E)None of these are correct

Question 23

Where are floral megaspores located?

A)Anther
B)Ovule
C)Corolla
D)Sepal
E)Stigma

Question 24

The main pollinators of flowers that are easy to locate at night are:

A)Beetles
B)Birds
C)Bats and moths
D)Bees
E)Flies

Question 25

The plant hormone that triggers the withering of petals and stamens and promotes fruit ripening is:

A)Abscisic acid
B)Cytokinins
C)Gibberellins
D)Jasmonic acid
E)Ethylene

Question 26

A tissue that is formed from a triploid nucleus and that stores food for the developing plant embryo is the:

A)Endosperm
B)Endoderm
C)Mesosperm
D)Mesoderm
E)Microspore

Question 27

A seeds response to gravity is called:

A)Thigmotropism
B)Phototropism
C)Organotropism
D)Gravitropism
E)Chemotropism

Question 28

The main pollinators of red flowers are:

A)Beetles
B)Bees
C)Birds
D)Moths
E)Bats

Question 29

The type of fruit that is derived from tightly clustered flowers whose ovaries fuse is a __________ fruit.

A)Simple
B)Double
C)Multiple
D)Aggregate
E)Axillary

Question 30

An example of a multiple fruit is a:

A)Blackberry
B)Peach
C)Pepper
D)Pineapple
E)Strawberry

Question 31

The plant hormone that stimulates cell division in seeds and fruits is:

A)Cytokinin
B)Jasmonic acid
C)Auxin
D)Ethylene
E)Abscisic acid

Question 32

Where are floral microspores located?

A)Anther
B)Corolla
C)Sepal
D)Ovule
E)Stigma

Question 33

The type of fruit that is derived from one flower with many separate carpels is a _____________ fruit.

A)Simple
B)Aggregate
C)Double
D)Axillary
E)Multiple

Question 34

In plants,molecules that perceive the quality and quantity of light are:

A)Chemoreceptors
B)Photoreceptors
C)Mechanoreceptors
D)Pressure receptors
E)Gradient receptors

Question 35

The main pollinators of flowers that have markings visible only under ultraviolet light are:

A)Beetles
B)Birds
C)Bats and moths
D)Bees
E)Flies

Question 36

A portion of a flower that is a green leaf-like structure that protects the inner floral parts is the:

A)Stigma
B)Style
C)Sepal
D)Anther
E)Ovary

Question 37

A biochemical synthesized in small quantities in one part of an organism and transported to another,where a target cell is affected is a(an):

A)Enzyme
B)Callus
C)Spore
D)Hormone
E)Scion

Question 38

The portion of a flower that receives the pollen is the:

A)Style
B)Anther
C)Ovary
D)Stigma
E)Sepal

Question 39

The type of fruit that is derived from one flower with one carpel is a ______________ fruit.

A)Simple
B)Double
C)Aggregate
D)Axillary
E)Multiple

Question 40

The hormone linked to the saying "one bad apple spoils the bushel" is:

A)Auxin
B)Jasmonic acid
C)Abscisic acid
D)Gibberellin
E)Ethylene

Question 41

As a seed germinates,its shoot points upward toward light,and its root grows downward into the soil.Turn the plant sideways,and the stem and roots bend according to the new direction of gravity.How do roots and shoots respond to gravity?

A)By the absorption of light by phytochromes
B)Through circadian rhythms
C)Through thigmotropism
D)By sensing the photoperiod
E)By the movement of statoliths within the cell

Question 42

Double fertilization reduces the energetic cost of reproduction.In gymnosperms,the female gametophyte stockpiles food for the embryo in advance of fertilization.The investment is wasted if no zygote ever forms.In contrast,double fertilization ensures that an angiosperm devotes energy to the zygote only if sperm fertilizes egg.Where is this energy stored in a fertilized angiosperm?

A)Endosperm
B)Stigma
C)Zygote
D)Pollen
E)Egg

Question 43

If a gardener cuts the apical meristem of a plant,lateral buds begin to grow which causes a bushier shape to develop.This is because the apical meristem normally secretes auxins that do which of the following?

A)Stimulate the growth of lateral buds
B)Suppress the growth of the apical meristem
C)Stimulate the growth of the apical meristem
D)Suppress the growth of lateral buds
E)Stimulate the growth of roots

Question 44

A region of separation that forms near the base of the leaf's petiole when the leaf is shed is the:

A)Casparian strip
B)Pericycle
C)Abscission zone
D)Statolith
E)Endosperm

Question 45

The aging of a plant is called:

A)Germination
B)Senescence
C)Tropism
D)Dormancy
E)Abscission

Question 46

The size of a plant's seeds reflects an evolutionary trade-off.Large,heavy seeds contain ample nutrient reserves to fuel seedling growth but may not travel far.Small seeds,on the other hand,store limited nutrients but tend to disperse far and wide.The crops that humans cultivate typically have larger seeds than do their wild ancestors.How has human farming altered the evolution of these crops?

A)We grow the plants under conditions that favor the growth of larger seeds
B)We have created crop plants that are more competitive in the wild than their ancestors
C)By using fertilizers the seeds do not need to store as many nutrients
D)Because we spread the seeds, we can spread more smaller seeds per acre, thus favoring these plants
E)We have removed the selection pressure favoring small seed size

Question 47

The size of a plant's seeds reflects an evolutionary trade-off.Large,heavy seeds contain ample nutrient reserves to fuel seedling growth but may not travel far.Small seeds,on the other hand,store limited nutrients but tend to disperse far and wide.The crops that humans cultivate typically have larger seeds than do their wild ancestors.Why would humans primarily cultivate plants with larger seeds?

A)Because the plants with smaller seeds can already spread easily
B)Because smaller seeds are harder to collect
C)Because the plants with larger seeds grow better with added fertilizer
D)Because we eat the seeds
E)Because we cannot grow plants with smaller seeds

Question 48

You plant a seed into a pot containing some soil,and then add water and place the pot under a light.After the seedling emerged,complete with two green leaves,the carbon dioxide levels decreased in the closed chamber.Which of the following is true of this plant?

A)It is a diploid monocot
B)It is a diploid eudicot
C)It is a eudicot
D)It is a monocot
E)It is diploid

Question 49

A directional response to touch exhibited by plants is called:

A)Thigmotropism
B)Gravitropism
C)Phototropism
D)Organotropism
E)Chemotropism

Question 50

In the late 1870s Charles Darwin and his son Francis discovered that if the tip of the grass was covered,phototropism did not occur,even though the rest of the grass was exposed to light.However,if the rest of the plant was covered and only the tip exposed to light the grass bent a few centimeters below the tip.Which of the following was sensing the light?

A)Auxin producing cells in the tip of the grass
B)Auxin detecting cells in the tip of the grass
C)Auxin producing cells a few centimeters below the tip of the grass
D)Auxin detecting cells a few centimeters below the tip of the grass

Question 51

One way to get fruit to ripen more quickly is to place it in a paper bag with other ripe fruit.Which of the following best explains this observation?

A)Ripe fruit release ethylene gas
B)Ripe fruit break down auxins
C)The lack of oxygen promotes photosynthesis which ripens the fruit
D)Ripe fruit carry fungi that attack other fruit
E)When fruit is in the dark it thinks it is underground and begins to germinate

Question 52

If you wanted a grass plant to bend to the right,where would you want to apply auxin?

A)On the left side of the grass, a few centimeters down from the tip
B)On the right side of the grass, a few centimeters down from the tip
C)On the left side of the tip of the grass
D)On the right side of the tip of the grass

Question 53

You plant a seed into a pot containing some soil,and then add water and place the pot under a light.After the seedling emerged,complete with two green leaves,the carbon dioxide levels decreased in the closed chamber.This indicated that _________ was occurring.

A)Photosynthesis
B)Cellular respiration
C)Sucrose production
D)Alcohol fermentation
E)Fertilization

Question 54

Cytokinins are produced in the root apical meristem and stimulate the growth of lateral buds.How do cytokinins reach the lateral buds?

A)Through the phloem
B)Through the xylem or phloem
C)Through the xylem
D)By diffusion as a gas
E)Through the phloem or by diffusion as a gas

Question 55

Packages of vegetable seeds typically include an ideal planting depth.If planted too deep,the seeds will not germinate.How do the plants sense if they are too deep?

A)Circadian rhythms are disrupted
B)Phytochromes can no longer absorb light
C)Statoliths can no longer move
D)Thigmotropism is disrupted
E)The apical meristem cannot reach the surface of the soil

Question 56

Double fertilization reduces the energetic cost of reproduction.In gymnosperms,the female gametophyte stockpiles food for the embryo in advance of fertilization.The investment is wasted if no zygote ever forms.In contrast,double fertilization ensures that an angiosperm devotes energy to the zygote only if sperm fertilizes egg.What do the sperm fertilize in a double fertilization?

A)The egg
B)Two polar nuclei
C)The egg and two polar nuclei
D)The egg and zygote
E)The zygote

Question 57

You plant a seed into a pot containing some soil,and then add water and place the pot under a light.In the first week,before the seedling even emerged from the soil,carbon dioxide levels increased in the closed chamber.The developing plant was using which of the following as a source of energy during this first week?

A)Light
B)Starch from the seed
C)Water from the soil
D)Sugars from the soil
E)Nutrients from the soil

Question 58

In the late 1870s Charles Darwin and his son Francis discovered that if the tip of the grass was covered,phototropism did not occur,even though the rest of the grass was exposed to light.However,if the rest of the plant was covered and only the tip exposed to light the grass bent a few centimeters below the tip.How could light striking the tip of the grass cause bending a few centimeters from the tip?

A)The light must be striking the cells that bend as well
B)A hormone must be carrying the response from the tip to the site of bending
C)The bending must start at the tip and move down the entire blade of grass
D)Bending is independent of the source of light
E)The light is being transmitted from the tip to cells at the site of bending

Question 59

You plant a seed into a pot containing some soil,and then add water and place the pot under a light.In the first week,before the seedling even emerged from the soil,carbon dioxide levels increased in the closed chamber.This indicated that __________ was occurring.

A)Cellular respiration
B)Photosynthesis
C)Sucrose production
D)Alcohol fermentation
E)Fertilization

Question 60

You plant a seed into a pot containing some soil,and then add water and place the pot under a light.After the seedling emerged,complete with two green leaves,the carbon dioxide levels decreased in the closed chamber.The developing seedling was using which of the following as a source of energy during this time?

A)Water from the soil
B)Starch from the seed
C)Sugars from the soil
D)Nutrients from the soil
E)Light

Question 61

A thrasher getting food from a pepper and at the same time dispersing seeds is an example of which of the following?

A)Predation
B)Commensalism
C)Parasitism
D)Competition
E)Mutualism

Question 62

What hypothesis were the researchers testing to explain why peppers are hot?

A)To deter seed destroyers without affecting dispersers
B)To deter all animals from destroying the seeds
C)To promote dispersion when animals drop the hot fruit
D)For a reason unrelated to seed dispersal or destruction
E)To promote pollination of the peppers

Question 63

Seedless watermelons come from seeds that are triploid and therefore do not develop properly and are simply soft hulls that are easy to chew.

Question 64

What conclusion did the researchers draw from their results?

A)The capsaicin deterred the mice and rats from eating and destroying the seeds
B)The capsaicin deterred the thrashers from eating and destroying the seeds
C)The capsaicin deterred the mice and rats from eating and dispersing the seeds
D)The capsaicin deterred the thrashers from eating and dispersing the seeds

Question 65

What is the normal function of fruits?

A)To protect seeds
B)To disperse seeds
C)To attract pollinators
D)To protect and disperse seeds
E)To attract pollinators and protect seeds

Question 66

How are animals involved in the life cycle of plants?

A)As pollinators
B)As pollinators and seed dispersers
C)As seed dispersers
D)As seed germinators
E)As seed germinators and dispersers

Question 67

As a seed germinates,its shoot points upward toward light,and its root grows downward into the soil.Turn the plant sideways,and the stem and roots bend according to the new direction of gravity.How do roots and shoots grow in opposite directions as the plant is rotated?

A)The roots and shoots respond oppositely to auxin
B)Statoliths move in the opposite direction in roots and shoots
C)The absorption of light by phytochromes only occurs in shoots
D)The circadian rhythms of roots and shoots are opposite
E)Through differences in thigmotropism

Question 68

Which animals were most likely to eat the hot peppers?

A)Cactus mice
B)Pack rats
C)Thrashers
D)Cactus mice and pack rats
E)Thrashers, cactus mice, and pack rats all ate the peppers equally

Question 69

Seeds passing through which animals were most likely to germinate?

A)Cactus mice
B)Pack rats
C)Cactus mice and pack rats
D)Thrashers, cactus mice, and pack rats all ate the peppers equally
E)Thrashers

Question 70

Jasmonic acid is a plant hormone that activates a plant's defenses against predators.

Question 71

A seed is an embryo and its food supply is inside a seed coat.

Question 72

The first step in the germination of a plant seed is the absorption of water.

Question 73

The root and shoot apical meristems form at the same point in the plant embryo.

Question 74

Cocklebur will not flower if exposed to 8 hours of dark and 16 hours of light.It will flower if exposed to 16 hours of dark and 8 hours of light.However,if the 16 hours of dark is interrupted with a brief period of light the cocklebur will not flower.Which of the following will trigger cocklebur to flower?

A)Short dark periods
B)Short light periods
C)Long light periods
D)Long dark periods

Question 75

Peppers that produce more capsaicin would lose fewer seeds to herbivores.This would lead to which of the following?

A)Directional selection
B)Stabilizing selection
C)Disruptive selection
D)Artificial selection
E)Sexual selection

Question 76

Clover will flower if exposed to 8 hours of dark and 16 hours of light.It will not flower if exposed to 16 hours of dark and 8 hours of light.However,if the 16 hours of dark is interrupted with a brief period of light the clover will flower.Which of the following will trigger clover to flower?

A)Short dark periods
B)Long dark periods
C)Short light periods
D)Long light periods

Question 77

Which structures do fruits arise from?

A)Flowers
B)Leaves
C)Stems
D)Roots
E)Apical meristems

Question 78

What is a seed?

A)A diploid spore
B)A haploid gametophyte
C)A mature sporophyte
D)A mature pollen
E)A diploid embryo

Question 79

Gymnosperms are the flowering plants.

Question 80

Coconuts are fruits containing seeds that are usually wind dispersed.