Deck 22: Plant Nutrition and Transport

Question 1

The bacterium Rhizobium:

A)Triggers the development of root nodules in legumes
B)Enter plants through the root hairs
C)Live symbiotically within plant cells
D)Break the triple covalent bond in N₂
E)All are correct

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Nutrients that an organism needs in fairly large amounts are referred to as:

A)Total nutrients
B)Macronutrients
C)Micronutrients
D)Solid nutrients
E)Essential nutrients

Answer 2

B

Question 3

"P" is the chemical symbol for:

A)Nickel
B)Potassium
C)Plutonium
D)Phosphorous
E)Copper

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The carnivorous plant that has two-sided leaves,each with highly sensitive trigger hairs that is native to North and South Carolina is:

A)The sundew plant
B)The pitcher plant
C)The Venus flytrap
D)The horsetail
E)The club moss

Question 5

Carbon dioxide enters a plant from the atmosphere through pores called:

A)Guard cells
B)Companion cells
C)Sieve tubes
D)Plasmodesmata
E)Stomata

Question 6

Which of the following is not a legume?

A)Corn
B)Peas
C)Beans
D)Soybeans
E)Alfalfa

Question 7

The pressure placed on the inside of a cell membrane of a plant by water is called:

A)Turgor
B)Adhesion
C)Cohesion
D)Osmosis
E)Hydrolysis

Question 8

Which of the following is not an element taken in primarily by the roots of the plant?

A)Nitrogen
B)Magnesium
C)Carbon
D)Phosphorous
E)Zinc

Question 9

Nitrogen is made available to plants:

A)Through their stomata
B)Through their leaves
C)Through their roots
D)Through their roots and leaves
E)Through their stomata and leaves

Question 10

"K" is the chemical symbol for:

A)Phosphorous
B)Potassium
C)Nickel
D)Krypton
E)Copper

Question 11

Commercial fertilizer labels prominently display three numbers which indicate the content of three elements needed by most plants as macronutrients.These elements in number sequence are:

A)Zinc, magnesium, and potassium
B)Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium
C)Copper, nitrogen, and phosphorous
D)Carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen
E)Nitrogen, zinc, and copper

Question 12

The evaporation of water from the leaf of a plant is:

A)Totally prevented by the leaf's cuticle
B)Hydrolysis
C)Condensation
D)Transpiration
E)Sublimation

Question 13

Nitrogen is needed in plants to manufacture:

A)Amino acids
B)Proteins
C)Nucleic acids
D)Chlorophyll
E)All are correct

Question 14

Organisms that assemble their own organic molecules from water and elements that they absorb from their environment are which of the following?

A)Heterotrophs
B)Detritivores
C)Autotrophs
D)Decomposers
E)Omnivores

Question 15

Most carnivorous plants use their prey as a primary source of:

A)Nitrogen
B)Energy
C)Carbon
D)Magnesium
E)Potassium

Question 16

Some nitrogen fixing bacteria live in growths called ______________ on the plant's roots.

A)Sieve tubes
B)Nodules
C)Nodes
D)Root hairs
E)Internodes

Question 17

The products of photosynthesis move from the leaf to other parts of the plant via:

A)Xylem
B)Phloem
C)Cortex
D)Cortex and Phloem
E)Cortex and Xylem

Question 18

"N" is the chemical symbol for:

A)Nickel
B)Neon
C)Nitrogen
D)Magnesium
E)Copper

Question 19

Using organic matter such as manure or compost for fertilizer:

A)Improves fertility
B)Aerates the soil
C)Increases the water holding capacity of the soil
D)Provides food for beneficial soil microorganisms
E)All are correct

Question 20

A chemically complex,hard to digest spongy organic substance,containing carbon found in soil is:

A)Humus
B)Creosote
C)Silt
D)Topsoil
E)Clay

Question 21

The __________ and _____________ of a plant's leaf help conserve water in a plant.

A)Root hairs, stomata
B)Casparian strip, endodermis
C)Stomata, cuticle
D)Casparian strip, cuticle
E)None of the above are correct

Question 22

Which of the following will not increase the rate of transpiration in a plant?

A)High humidity
B)Low humidity
C)High wind speeds
D)High temperature
E)All are correct

Question 23

The opening and closing of a plant's stomata are regulated by the flow of _____________ ions:

A)Phosphorous
B)Magnesium
C)Copper
D)Sulfur
E)Potassium

Question 24

When a plant doesn't get enough water it will wilt.This is due to which of the following?

A)A decrease in turgor in the stem
B)A decrease in osmosis in the stomata
C)An increase in transpiration by the leaves
D)An increase in sap moving through the xylem
E)A decrease in sap moving through the phloem

Question 25

If water is abundant a plant's guard cells will ______________ and the stomata will _________________.

A)Swell, close
B)Swell, open
C)Collapse, close
D)Collapse, open

Question 26

The concentration of solutes in most soil is lower than the concentration of solutes in root cells,so water enters the roots by:

A)Hydrostatic pressure
B)Cohesion
C)Adhesion
D)Hydrolysis
E)Osmosis

Question 27

The waxy ______________________ ensures that all of the water coming into a root moves into the xylem.

A)Cuticle
B)Epidermis
C)Companion cells
D)Sieve tubes
E)Casparian strip

Question 28

The tendency of water molecules to "cling" together is:

A)Cohesion
B)Adhesion
C)Hydrolysis
D)Condensation
E)Evaporation

Question 29

In the pressure flow theory,any part of a plant that does not carry out photosynthesis is a:

A)Source
B)Sink
C)Reservoir
D)Aqueduct
E)Companion cell

Question 30

During which of the times below is a plant at greatest risk for the formation of air bubbles in the xylem stream?

A)Night
B)Morning
C)Afternoon
D)The risk is the same at any time of day

Question 31

If water is scarce a plant's guard cells will ______________ and the stomata will _________________.

A)Swell, close
B)Collapse, open
C)Collapse, close
D)Swell, open

Question 32

The water absorption rate of a plant's roots is greatly increased by:

A)Presence of many stomata
B)Presence of root hairs
C)Association with Mycorrhizal fungi and presence of root hairs
D)Association with Mycorrhizal fungi
E)Presence of many stomata and root hairs

Question 33

The innermost layer of the cortex of a plant root is the:

A)Epidermis
B)Ectoderm
C)Mesoderm
D)Endodermis
E)Protoderm

Question 34

The attraction of a molecule to another type of substance is:

A)Adhesion
B)Hydrolysis
C)Condensation
D)Cohesion
E)Evaporation

Question 35

If water were being pushed from below,air bubbles in the xylem stream would not pose a problem.However,the observation that air bubbles can interrupt xylem function provides important evidence supporting the _______ theory of water movement.

A)gravity-suction
B)active transport
C)pressure-flow
D)osmotic
E)cohesion-tension

Question 36

Throughout a growing season,a plant uses up to 1000 liters (or kg)of water to produce just 1 kilogram of tissue.What happens to most of the remaining 999 kg of water?

A)It is used in the cytoplasm
B)It is used in photosynthesis
C)It is used in hydrolysis reactions
D)It evaporates
E)It passes back through the roots into the soil

Question 37

Water and minerals can move through a root's intracellular pathway from one cell to another through:

A)Stomata
B)Plasmodesmata
C)Guard cells
D)Companion cells
E)The Casparian strip

Question 38

During drought stress a plant hormone called _____________________ causes the stomata of a plant's leaf to close.

A)Abscisic acid
B)Estrogen
C)Ethylene
D)Malic acid
E)Cuprous oxide

Question 39

During dry conditions,abscisic acid binds to guard cell membranes and indirectly triggers them to lose potassium ions.What will this do to the plant?

A)Decrease water loss by opening the stomata
B)Decrease water loss by closing the stomata
C)Increase water loss by closing the stomata
D)Increase water loss by opening the stomata

Question 40

A farmer decides to use a crop rotation plan that plants corn one year,peanuts the next year and soy beans the next year and then starts over with corn the following year.The most likely reason for this type of crop rotation is to replace the soil's:

A)Water content
B)Nitrogen content
C)Phosphorous content
D)Potassium content
E)Calcium content

Question 41

Scientists measured the pressure in the xylem of redwood trees at different heights and found that the higher they made their measurements,the lower the pressure.They extrapolated this to a pressure of zero,and concluded that the tallest a tree could grow is 122-130 meters.The tallest know tree on Earth is 112.7 meters.Which of the following most likely limits the height of trees?

A)The amount of transpiration in leaves
B)The amount of photosynthesis in leaves
C)The amount of energy needed to pump water to the tops of the trees
D)The strength of water cohesion
E)The ability to take up CO₂

Question 42

How would a plant normally obtain nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous?

A)From the soil through its roots
B)From animals through its pitcher
C)From the air through its leaves
D)From the sun through photosynthesis
E)From the rain through its leaves

Question 43

What hypothesis were the researchers testing?

A)Providing extra nutrients would reduce the needs for extra leaves
B)Providing extra light would increase leaf production
C)Providing extra light would increase the need for nutrients
D)Cutting leaves would diminish the need for more nutrients
E)Providing extra nutrients would increase leaf production

Question 44

Figure 22.13
A normal pitcher has a narrow keel and a wide pitcher opening,maximizing the potential for trapping prey.On the other hand,a leaf optimized for photosynthesis has a wide keel and a small pitcher opening.Based on this observation and Figure 22.13,what conclusion can be drawn?

A)High phosphorous correlated with increased photosynthetic ability
B)High nitrogen correlated with increased photosynthetic ability
C)High nitrogen correlated with increased trapping ability
D)High phosphorous correlated with increased trapping ability

Question 45

What is the cost of being a carnivorous plant?

A)Reduced photosynthesis
B)Reduced respiration
C)Reduced mobility
D)Reduced nutrients
E)Reduced water

Question 46

What can you conclude about the grass in your lawn if the recommended fertilizer has an N-P-K ratio of 29-3-4?

A)It needs a lot of water
B)It is not a legume
C)It has a taproot
D)It is parasitic
E)P and K are not essential nutrients

Question 47

What was the independent variable?

A)The amount of nitrogen or phosphorous added to the pitcher of each plant
B)The number of insects fed to each plant
C)The amount of nitrogen or phosphorous added to the roots of each plant
D)The ratio of the pitcher opening to pitcher length
E)The ratio of the keel width to total width

Question 48

How does sap move from the sieve tube into a sink?

A)By a pump
B)By pressure
C)By gravity
D)By osmosis
E)By active transport

Question 49

Nitrogen is used in plant cells to produce which of the following?

A)Sugars and nucleic acids
B)Proteins
C)Proteins and nucleic acids
D)Sugars
E)Nucleic acids

Question 50

Soybeans will have several hundred Rhizobium nodules per plant and may divert 20-30 percent of its energy generated by photosynthesis to the nodule instead of to other plant functions when the nodule is actively fixing nitrogen.Why would the plant divert so much energy to Rhizobium?

A)Because Rhizobium produces NH₄
B)Because Rhizobium produces N₂
C)Because Rhizobium produces sugars
D)Because Rhizobium protects the plants from predators
E)Because Rhizobium protects the plants from parasites

Question 51

Carnivorous plants occupy which of the following?

A)An actual niche
B)A biome
C)An ecosystem
D)A realized niche
E)A compound niche

Question 52

During photosynthesis in a leaf,sugars are loaded into the sieve tube by _____ followed by ______ to increase the pressure.

A)Osmosis; facilitated diffusion
B)Facilitated diffusion; osmosis
C)Gravity; active transport
D)Active transport; osmosis
E)Osmosis; gravity

Question 53

Soybeans will have several hundred Rhizobium nodules.A study in Minnesota found that soybeans grown without P₂O₅ fertilizer produced 23.0 bushels per acre,while adding 23 lbs of P₂O₅ per acre gave a yield of 37 bushels per acre.What is the best explanation for this observation?

A)Rhizobium cannot produce PO₄, so you need to add P containing fertilizer
B)Rhizobium produces NH₄, so you don't need N containing fertilizer
C)Rhizobium produces PO₄ and NH₄, so you don't need any fertilizer
D)Rhizobium produces PO₄, so you don't need P containing fertilizer
E)Rhizobium cannot produce NH₄, so you need to add N containing fertilizer

Question 54

Soybeans will have several hundred Rhizobium nodules per plant and may divert 20-30 percent of its energy generated by photosynthesis to the nodule instead of to other plant functions when the nodule is actively fixing nitrogen.Which of the following best describes Rhizobium?

A)A soil fungus that invades the root
B)A parasitic plant that invades the root
C)A soil bacterium that invades the root
D)A virus that invades the root
E)A mycelium that invades the root

Question 55

Scientists measured the pressure in the xylem of redwood trees at different heights and found that the higher they made their measurements,the lower the pressure.They extrapolated this to a pressure of zero,and concluded that the tallest a tree could grow is 122-130 meters.The tallest known tree on Earth is 112.7 meters.What assumption were the scientists making to conclude that when pressure was zero the plant could grow no further?

A)Any leaves above that point would not receive any sunlight
B)Any leaves above that point would not receive any water
C)Stems above that point could not transport sugars in their xylem
D)Transpiration would be less than uptake of water from the xylem
E)The turgor pressure would be greater than gravity

Question 56

In many parts of the Everglades in Florida,excessive irrigation is lowering water levels and allowing salt water to enter the normally freshwater swamps.Why is this a problem for plants that have adapted to life in these swamps?

A)The salt competes with minerals for uptake by the plants, limiting their growth
B)Salts bind to nitrogen, preventing it from being taken up
C)The plants cannot move sugars down the xylem if there is salt outside of the roots pulling water out
D)Photosynthesis is inhibited by salt
E)The plant roots cannot take up water if the soil salt concentration is high

Question 57

How would water get into the pitcher of a carnivorous plant?

A)Through the phloem
B)Through the xylem
C)From rain
D)From the leaves
E)From the fruit

Question 58

Carnivorous plants like Sarracenia purpurea are which of the following?

A)Producers and detritivores
B)Producers
C)Producers and consumers
D)Consumers
E)Detritivores

Question 59

Soybeans will have several hundred Rhizobium nodules.A study in Minnesota found that soybeans grown without ammonium sulfate fertilizer produced 52.4 bushels per acre,while adding 75 lbs of ammonium sulfate per acre gave a yield of 54.2 bushels per acre.What is the best explanation for this observation?

A)Rhizobium produces PO₄ and NH₄, so you don't need any fertilizer
B)Rhizobium produces NH₄, so you don't need N containing fertilizer
C)Rhizobium produces PO₄, so you don't need P containing fertilizer
D)Rhizobium cannot produce NH₄, so you need to add N containing fertilizer
E)Rhizobium cannot produce PO₄, so you need to add P containing fertilizer

Question 60

What structure does the pitcher of a carnivorous plant arise from?

A)Stems
B)Roots
C)Fruits
D)Leaves
E)Stomata

Question 61

Carnivorous plants exist only in science fiction.

Question 62

The cohesion-tension theory explains how water moves within a plant.

Question 63

Most plants prevent nighttime transpiration but plants like cacti open their stomata at night so that transpiration can occur.

Question 64

The part of a plant's roots that forces water to enter cells and move into the xylem is the Casparian strip.

Question 65

Aphids secrete a substance called "honeydew" that helped scientists determine the composition of phloem sap.

Question 66

Chemically,nutrients from inorganic fertilizers are not equivalent to nutrients from manure or compost.

Question 67

Carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen only account for about 50% of the dry weight of a plant.

Question 68

The B horizon soil consists of most of the humus found in soil.

Question 69

A typical mature tree consumes only about 5 gallons of water a day.

Question 70

Soil scientists use relative amounts of sand,silt,and clay to classify soils.

Question 71

Mycorrhizal fungi decrease the ability of a plant's roots to absorb water.

Question 72

Water is pulled from a plant's roots to its leaves by transpiration.

Question 73

Chemicals that are vital to the metabolism,growth,and reproduction of plants are called essential elements.

Question 74

The "wearing away" of soil by wind and water is called erosion.