Deck 17: Religion, politics, and the Balance of Power in Western Eurasia, 1500 - 1750

Question 1

 Celebi records his participation in the Ottoman attacks against which location in 1664? 

A)Portugal. 
B)Samarkand. 
C)Vienna. 
D)Fez.
E)Paris. 

Answer 1

Vienna. 

Question 2

 A description of Süleyman would include which of the following? 

A)he made Persian the language of art and poetry. 
B)he expanded the empire.
C)he regularized relations with the government and its diverse population.
D)he made Turkish the administrative language.
E)all of the answers are correct.

Answer 2

all of the answers are correct.

Question 3

 The Ottomans saw themselves as the guardians of

A)Islam.
B)Constantinople.
C)the Prophet's relics.
D)Constantinople
E)Christianity.

Answer 3

Islam.

Question 4

 Celebi provided many insights by writing about his travels from Europe to Iran,but he is most insightful in explaining the tension between the Ottomans and the 

A)Safavids.
B)Jews.
C)Egyptians. 
D)Byzantines. 
E)Russians. 

Question 5

 The Ottoman capital was located in

A)Constantinople.
B)Alexandria.
C)Susa.
D)Bursa.
E)Ankara.

Question 6

 Ottoman ruled North Africa became a haven for which group that had been driven out of Europe?

A)Protestants.
B)Church reformers.
C)Followers of New Science.
D)Freed African slaves.
E)Jews.

Question 7

 Evliya Celebi was one of the most famous 17th century traveler from this empire.

A)Iranian.
B)Russian.
C)Ottoman. 
D)British. 
E)Italian. 

Question 8

 The Ottomans enslaved Christians for military service predominantly from the Balkans and the

A)The Himalaya Mountains. 
B)The Caucasus Mountains.
C)The Nile River valley. 
D)The Arabian peninsula.
E)None of these are correct. 

Question 9

 Süleyman's administrative reforms of the Ottoman Empire included promoting men based on

A)wealth.
B)merit.
C)lineage.
D)age.
E)education.

Question 10

 Faced with the continued expansion of the Ottomans,European kingdoms sought an alliance with the Persian shah of

A)Mughal India.
B)Morocco.
C)Safavid Iran.
D)Russian Empire.
E)Kongo.

Question 11

 A sultan was inclined to put his trust in a/an ____ in state and personal matters.

A)general
B)close member of the royal family
C)slave
D)eunuch
E)member of the harem

Question 12

 In 1529 the Ottomans unsuccessfully laid siege to what European city for the first time?

A)Vienna.
B)Paris.
C)Moscow.
D)Cordoba.
E)Rome.

Question 13

 Süleyman's legal system

A)curtailed the powers and rights of Jews and Christians.
B)established local governments ruled by Muslims.
C)did not impose a single system on existing religious and cultural traditions.
D)required higher taxes from non-Muslims.
E)imposed the Koran as the basis of law throughout the empire.

Question 14

 The Ottomans came to rely increasingly on which group for their military force? 

A)Safavids. 
B)Mongols.
C)Janissaries. 
D)Chinese. 
E)Moroccans. 

Question 15

 Which of the following describes the land-based empires of the Russians,Safavids,and Ottomans?

A)Political power was tenuous in neighboring territories.
B)Core areas of each empire had once been conquered and administered by Mongols.
C)Military power in the new territories was weak.
D)Armies were archaic and underfinanced.
E)Relationships between steppe nomads and settled agricultural peoples were hostile.

Question 16

 What significant change in warfare affected the Ottomans as their strength in the Middle East grew after 1500? 

A)Decreased use of naval power. 
B)Development of General Staff college.
C)Use of cavalry. 
D)Use of gunpowder weapons.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 17

 Which of the following was a part of the Ottoman Empire in the sixteenth century?

A)Hungary.
B)Greece.
C)Egypt.
D)Arabia.
E)All of these.

Question 18

 Süleyman's religious actions included

A)rebuilding Christian churches.
B)sponsoring court debates between religious leaders to create tolerance.
C)forcibly suppressing peasants who revered ancient deities.
D)building mosques and Islamic religious schools.
E)inviting both the pope and patriarch to his court.

Question 19

 The Ottoman navy was defeated at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571 by a European fleet led by

A)England.
B)Spain.
C)Austria.
D)France.
E)Russia.

Question 20

 The powerful states on the rise in the sixteenth century in Eurasia included

A)Ottomans.
B)Mughal India.
C)Russia.
D)Safavid Iran.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 21

 The kizilbash,led by Ismail,believed in the Shi'ite interpretation of Islamic faith,therefore,they believed that ____ ,the son-in-law of the prophet,should have been Muhammad's successor.

A)Ali
B)Hussein
C)Ismail
D)Abbas
E)the Grand Vizier

Question 22

 Which of the following was a goal of Abbas in making contacts with Europeans?

A)Commercial opportunities.
B)Military alliances against the Ottomans.
C)Advanced weaponry.
D)Training a professional army.
E)All of these are correct. 

Question 23

 The Russians extended their power into the forbidding area of Siberia because

A)it would provide a buffer area against raiding Mongols.
B)it was the result of religious zeal.
C)of the lucrative fur market.
D)of ice-free ports.
E)expansion was part of Russian goals.

Question 24

 Isfahan was known for its beauty and culture,exhibited by which of the following? 

A)water channels.
B)Persian carpets.
C)miniature painting.
D)All of the answers are correct. 
E)Persian verse.

Question 25

 The Russian Romanov family gained power in 1613 and remained in power until the

A)end of World War II.
B)invasion of Napoleon.
C)Crimean War.
D)early part of the twentieth century.
E)reign of Catherine the Great.

Question 26

 The influence of which religion had the most permanent effect on sixteenth-century Russia?

A)Orthodox Christian.
B)Islam.
C)Protestantism.
D)Buddhism.
E)Catholicism.

Question 27

 What was the attitude of the Safavids to Shi'ite Islam?

A)It was promoted along with other faiths.
B)It was the official state religion.
C)It was the religion of the Safavid farmer but not the urban centers.
D)It was second in popularity to Sunni Islam.
E)It was tolerated along with several other religions.

Question 28

 The Habsburgs controlled much of Western Europe at the beginning of the sixteenth century;they originated in

A)Russia.
B)Central Europe.
C)France.
D)Spain.
E)Portugal.

Question 29

 Why is Ivan IV known as "the terrible"?

A)attacking Muslims in the steppe grasslands.
B)random acts of cruelty in his later years.
C)driving the last of the Mongols out of Russia.
D)actions in a battle against Sweden.
E)assassinating Ivan IIII.

Question 30

 The new Shi'ite capital of Iran was built at

A)Basra.
B)Baghdad.
C)Isfahan.
D)Teheran.
E)Mosul.

Question 31

 Shi'ite Muslims,such as the Safavids,had a festival every year to commemorate the death of

A)Ali.
B)Muhammad.
C)Saladin.
D)Hussein.
E)Fatima

Question 32

 Ivan III is associated with which of the following? 

A)he drove out the Mongols.
B)he established his authority over all other Russian states.
C)all of these answers are correct. 
D)he was the ruler of Muscovy with his capital at Moscow.
E)his concern to create buffer lands around the core of Russia to prevention of invasions.

Question 33

 The term kizilbash is related to the color of the Azerbaijan

A)horses.
B)flags and banners.
C)turbans.
D)boots.
E)tunics.

Question 34

 The struggle for stability in Western Europe during the sixteenth and first half of the seventeenth centuries saw which of the following? 

A)all of these answers are correct. 
B)religious strife.
C)tension over political centralization.
D)social and economic changes associated with urbanization.
E)endemic wars.

Question 35

 Despite their reluctant to favor anything European or Christian,the Safavids did cultivate a relationship with them against which empire? 

A)Russians. 
B)Sudanese. 
C)Spanish. 
D)Chinese. 
E)Ottomans. 

Question 36

 According to Tsar Ivan IV,what drove his actions?

A)The respect of the European powers.
B)Defense buffer zone and expansion of Christian Orthodoxy.
C)His dream of a Russian empire.
D)Expansion of Islam.
E)Defeat of Islam.

Question 37

 By the mid-seventeenth century,Russian serfs

A)had completely disappeared.
B)saw their obligations had become less burdensome.
C)could not be bought or sold by law.
D)were landowners.
E)were considered to be property of a landowner.

Question 38

 Which of the following cultural areas had a great influence on Iran?

A)Mesopotamia
B)All of these are correct
C)Mediterranean
D)Indus Valley
E)India

Question 39

 According to a French observer,which European power was given precedence by the Grand Vizier in the Iranian Court?

A)England.
B)France.
C)Prussia.
D)Russia.
E)Spain.

Question 40

 The concept that "the enemy of my enemy is my friend" was followed by Abbas regarding a/an

A)Shi'ite-Sufi alliance against Sunnis.
B)Iranian-European alliance against Constantinople.
C)Ottoman-European alliance against Iran.
D)European-Russian alliance against Ottomans.
E)Sunni-Sufi alliance against Shi'ites.

Question 41

 Which of the following were one of the results of the Thirty Years' War?

A)The physical devastation of the countryside.
B)The death of almost one-third of the population of Germany.
C)Permanent division of Germany between Protestants and Catholics.
D)All of these answers are correct. 
E)Decentralization of the power in the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 42

 In what way did Frederick William I rule over a powerful Prussian nation? 

A)establishing a strong centralized government.
B)all of the answers are correct. 
C)creating a modern military.
D)allowing the middle class little power.
E)making Junkers the social bedrock of society.

Question 43

Please define the following key terms.

- Evilya Celebi

Question 44

 The religious problems of Philip II involved which of the following?

A)the Spanish Moriscos.
B)all of these answers are correct. 
C)Dutch Calvinists.
D)English actions against the Spanish.
E)the expulsion of all remaining Iberian Muslims.

Question 45

 Emperor Charles V ruled over many territories in Western Europe,including which of the following?

A)Naples.
B)England.
C)France.
D)Poland.
E)Sicily.

Question 46

 The military balance of power seesawed between the Ottomans and this empire for the better part of the 16th and 17th centuries. 

A)Russians. 
B)Austrians. 
C)Americans. 
D)Ming. 
E)French.

Question 47

 Philip's attempt to assert his power over England failed in 1588 when

A)the Spanish Armada failed to invade England.
B)Spain lost its possessions in Africa to the British.
C)Spanish Muslims allied with England to take Madrid.
D)Spain lost its American holdings in the Caribbean to the British.
E)the Spanish throne was challenged by the Bourbons of France.

Question 48

 Which of the following was a result of the Glorious Revolution?

A)The establishment of a Catholic throne.
B)The exile of William and Mary.
C)The creation of the English Bill of Rights.
D)The end of Catholic-Protestant discrimination.
E)Catholic rule in Ireland.

Question 49

 The English Civil War (1642-1649)was caused by

A)discontent over losing a war with France.
B)Charles I's attempts to rule without Parliament.
C)Catholic discontent at the popularity of Puritanism.
D)the disinheritance of Charles I in favor of his brother.
E)Oliver Cromwell's desire to be king.

Question 50

 What group was used by Louis XIV to enforce his power throughout the country?

A)Nobles.
B)Military.
C)Intendants.
D)Church officials.
E)Members of the royal family.

Question 51

 In what way did Peter the Great wish to westernize Russia? 

A)building St.Petersburg.
B)demanding that Russians dress in Western clothing.
C)all of the answers are correct.
D)creating a large and modern standing military.
E)advances in education.

Question 52

 Peter the Great (r.1685-1725)sought to modernize Russia by orienting the empire toward

A)Western Europe.
B)Byzantine.
C)Safavids.
D)China.
E)Central Asian Steppes.

Question 53

 The tension between the Habsburgs and England involved

A)an English threat to invade the Habsburg Netherlands.
B)an English-French royal marriage that threatened Habsburg power in Europe.
C)Protestant Queen Elizabeth's conflict with Habsburg's Catholic Spain.
D)an English-Prussian alliance that created a large land army.
E)a Habsburg-Ottoman alliance that threatened British trade in the Mediterranean.

Question 54

 Which of the following statements is associated with Henry of Navarre,who became Henry IV?

A)Converted publicly to Catholicism.
B)Ordered the assassination of Catholic leaders.
C)Exiled all Huguenots.
D)Calmed Catholic-Protestant tensions in France.
E)As Henry IV,became a Protestant.

Question 55

 Richelieu,the dominant French political figure of his time,instituted government policies which involved

A)increasing taxes to finance military campaigns.
B)attempts to centralize government power.
C)decreasing the power of the French nobility.
D)making alliances with nations regardless of religion.
E)All of these

Question 56

 Charles V's territory outside of Europe included

A)colonies in Africa.
B)Spanish territories in the Americas.
C)the Azores.
D)Cyprus.
E)the Dutch East India Company.

Question 57

 The Safavid collapse was a result of

A)a disastrous war of expansion against Afghanistan.
B)Iran's being involved in the world silver economy.
C)the assassination of Shah Abbas.
D)the incompetence of Abbas's successor.
E)a corrupt Grand Vizier.

Question 58

 In 1572,as a result of religious warfare,a mass slaughter occurred against 

A)Catholics.
B)Huguenots.
C)Jews.
D)Conversos.
E)Suspected witches.

Question 59

 From 1520 to 1555 - decades full of warfare and division - Charles V tried to impose papal authority over those who chose to follow

A)Elizabeth I of England.
B)Ulrich Calvin.
C)Philip II of Spain.
D)Martin Luther.
E)Christopher Columbus.

Question 60

 Which of the following is associated with final results of the English Civil War?

A)Parliament lost power to the throne.
B)Oliver Cromwell became the Lord Protector of the new English Commonwealth.
C)The Anglican Church was dissolved.
D)The throne could raise taxes without going to Parliament.
E)The English monarchy was reinstated by the Parliament after Cromwell's death with the son of Charles I.

Question 61

Please define the following key terms.

- Battle of Lepanto

Question 62

Please define the following key terms.

- Russia

Question 63

Please define the following key terms.

- Martin Luther

Question 64

Please define the following key terms.

- Muscovy

Question 65

Please define the following key terms.

- Holy Roman Empire

Question 66

Please define the following key terms.

- Serfdom

Question 67

Please define the following key terms.

- Janissaries

Question 68

Please define the following key terms.

- Kizilbash

Question 69

Please define the following key terms.

- Romanovs

Question 70

Please define the following key terms.

- Vienna

Question 71

Please define the following key terms.

- Habsburg Dynasty

Question 72

Please define the following key terms.

- Ivan IV

Question 73

Please define the following key terms.

- Charles V

Question 74

Please define the following key terms.

- Abbas I

Question 75

Please define the following key terms.

- Persian

Question 76

Please define the following key terms.

- Tsar

Question 77

Please define the following key terms.

- Ismail 

Question 78

Please define the following key terms.

- Ottoman

Question 79

Please define the following key terms.

- Safavid dynasty

Question 80

Please define the following key terms.

- Suleyman the Magnificent