Deck 18: Empires, colonies, and Peoples of the Americas, 1600 - 1750

Question 1

 Which of the following was associated with the American political and economic pattern that the Spanish established by 1750?

A)Haciendas became the foundation of commercial economies.
B)All of the answers are correct. 
C)Officials from Spain dominated the upper echelons of both state and church.
D)Criollos served important positions as municipal officials.
E)Subjugation of the indigenous people.

Answer 1

All of the answers are correct. 

Question 2

 The Spanish established a strict hierarchal political and social system based on Spanish control;however,this system became more fluid when

A)Spanish laws gave limited rights to indigenous people.
B)leaders of certain groups of people were allowed to rule their areas.
C)numbers of mixed blood peoples began to outnumber the Spanish.
D)settlements were far enough away from the centers of authority.
E)rebellions weakened the Spanish hold on their colonies.

Answer 2

settlements were far enough away from the centers of authority.

Question 3

 Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz,one of the great female literary figures of New Spain,produced writings best known for the

A)critique of arranged marriages for women.
B)argument against exploitative conditions of the mita.
C)defense of the spiritual and intellectual equality of women.
D)condemnation of the lack of educational opportunities in New Mexico for women.
E)personal descriptions of dangerous mining conditions in Peru.

Answer 3

defense of the spiritual and intellectual equality of women.

Question 4

 Catalina Erauso belonged to what ethnic group?

A)French.
B)Basque.
C)Taino.
D)Aztec.
E)Saxon.

Question 5

 What role did Potosi play in the Spanish rule of the Americas?

A)Capital of Peru Viceroyalty.
B)First Spanish monastery in the Andes.
C)First Spanish slave market in Peru.
D)It was where the Inca surrendered to the Spanish.
E)Had silver deposits that made Spain wealthy.

Question 6

 Under the Spanish mita system,how many years out of seven was an Amerindian required to work?

A)Five.
B)One.
C)Two.
D)Six.
E)Three.

Question 7

 What was Erauso and her 100 Indians using for draft animals to move her wheat to Potosi?

A)Horses.
B)Oxen.
C)Amerindians.
D)Camels.
E)Llamas.

Question 8

 Which of the following is associated with debt peonage?

A)Ill-educated families.
B)Inherited debts.
C)Loans repaid in labor.
D)All of the answers are correct. 
E)Minimal wages.

Question 9

 The most valuable of the Spanish exports from their American colonies was

A)slaves.
B)cotton.
C)silver.
D)livestock.
E)sugar.

Question 10

 In which of the following ways were Inca and Spanish mita similar?

A)Exemptions were made for families in difficult circumstances.
B)It involved work done in community maintenance.
C)Labor was considered a required service to the government.
D)Dangerous and life-threatening conditions were involved.
E)Families were cared for by the government.

Question 11

 In the urban centers of Mexico,it was easy to maintain Spanish "purity of blood" rules that reserved elite offices for men of

A)pure Spanish descent.
B)Catholic faith.
C)Spanish language.
D)economic means.
E)military standing.

Question 12

 During her lifetime,Erauso had been which of the following?

A)novice in a convent.
B)nobleman's personal assistant.
C)soldier.
D)all of the answers are correct. 
E)teacher.

Question 13

 Which of the following is an example of syncretism? 

A)Islam into Africa.
B)Buddhism into China.
C)Catholicism into Spanish Americas.
D)Roman to post-classical Europe.
E)Catholicism to Orthodoxy.

Question 14

 In Spain,elite men showed off their status by doing what to their daughters?

A)educating them.
B)secluding them.
C)teaching them a trade.
D)displaying them to potential mates.
E)sending them abroad to learn another language.

Question 15

 The repartimiento

A)gave workers the right not to work in mines.
B)punished Spanish officials who abused workers.
C)imprisoned any Amerindian who would not convert.
D)did little to alleviate labor abuses.
E)eliminated the import of African labor.

Question 16

 Much of the Andean silver stimulated the development of a more integrated world economic system when it ended up in

A)Madrid.
B)China.
C)the Netherlands.
D)India.
E)Ottoman territories.

Question 17

 Erauso describes a business experience involving transportation of foodstuffs from Cochabamba to Potosi.What foodstuff was she transporting,which was a result of the Columbian Exchange?

A)Wheat.
B)Potato.
C)Llama.
D)Corn.
E)Beef.

Question 18

 Erauso's adventure in the Americas started out by steeling money,joining the Spanish Army and traveling to

A)Panama.
B)Peru.
C)Mexico.
D)Guatemala.
E)El Salvador.

Question 19

 Which of the following was a viceroyalty capital?

A)Mexico City.
B)Bogotá.
C)All of these answers are correct. 
D)Lima.
E)Buenos Aires.

Question 20

 Which of the following helped ease the transition to Christianity?

A)Baptism of newborns.
B)The heaven-hell principle,which was appealing.
C)Crucifixion of Christ explained through puppet shows.
D)Blending of beliefs from indigenous polytheism with Catholic beliefs.
E)Acknowledging the Spanish as being specially chosen by local gods.

Question 21

 How was the leader of Palmares chosen?

A)He was a high priest.
B)By African tradition,he was the head of a powerful African people.
C)The African group with the largest number chose the leader.
D)He was elected according to his merit by the entire group.
E)He competed with other contenders for the leadership position.

Question 22

 When the French first explored the St.Lawrence River in the sixteenth century,what were they looking for?

A)Northwest passage to Chinese markets. 
B)Access to fur trade.
C)Gold mines.
D)A new colony.
E)Opportunities against the Spanish.

Question 23

 Palmares was a maroon community of

A)ex-Jesuit priests.
B)Amerindian groups.
C)American-born Portuguese.
D)mixed Amerindian-Portuguese people.
E)runaway slaves.

Question 24

 Which of the European colonizing nations,though it controlled Brazil,placed its early priority in Asia?

A)The Netherlands.
B)France.
C)England.
D)Spain.
E)Portugal.

Question 25

 Which of the following was associated with making Brazil Portugal's most important colony?

A)Sugar.
B)All of the answers are correct. 
C)Gold.
D)Slaves.
E)Exotic goods.

Question 26

 The fur trade had which of the following effects on Amerindians? 

A)depleted animal life.
B)movement in search of new trapping areas pushed indigenous peoples into each other's areas.
C)firearms allowed more mobile warfare among various peoples.
D)all of the answers are correct. 
E)the desire for European goods.

Question 27

 Initially the Portuguese found little to exploit from Brazil except

A)copper.
B)precious types of hardwood.
C)silver.
D)alpaca wool.
E)citrus fruits.

Question 28

 In the early eighteenth century,the economic focal point for the French and English was

A)North American colonies.
B)Caribbean sugar plantations.
C)the search for a Northwest Passage.
D)investment in the slave trade.
E)the search for valuable minerals.

Question 29

 Why was Sor Juana forced to sell her library of 4,000 books in 1694,one year before she died of plague?

A)Church leaders objected to her writing.
B)She needed money to return to Spain.
C)She needed money for a dowry.
D)The books were infected with smallpox.
E)She went blind and could no longer read them.

Question 30

 Consider the two main female figures in the chapter.While the convent gave Sor Juana an opportunity to enjoy a degree of freedom and authority,where did Erauso find her opportunities?

A)Disguised as a man.
B)From her personal aggressive nature.
C)As a nun.
D)New World frontiers.
E)Volunteering for the army.

Question 31

 In 1664,the Dutch eventually surrendered New Netherland to this nation without a fight

A)Spanish.
B)British.
C)French.
D)colony of Virginia.
E)United States.

Question 32

 Overall,what attracted many French to Canada?

A)Souls.
B)Land.
C)Lumber.
D)Fur.
E)All of these.

Question 33

 What finally defeated the quilombo community at Palmares in 1694?

A)Portuguese military.
B)smallpox epidemic.
C)mine explosion.
D)war with Amerindians.
E)conversion of people to Catholicism.

Question 34

 While some benefited from the fur trade,the Huron of the St.Lawrence region suffered a major decline in population as a result of

A)the actions of the Jesuit missionaries.
B)European diseases.
C)warfare with other peoples over trapping areas.
D)starvation caused by men hunting for furs and not food.
E)major gender issues.

Question 35

 Jesuit missionaries in Brazil were associated with which of the following? 

A)owning large cattle ranches.
B)building churches.
C)spreading imperial borders.
D)all of the answers are correct. 
E)unknowingly spreading European diseases.

Question 36

 In New Netherlands,the Dutch West India Company found economic success in trading

A)Iroquois slaves.
B)beads.
C)wheat.
D)cotton.
E)furs.

Question 37

 What type of relationship did the French establish with the Amerindians of Canada?

A)A formal French bureaucracy was established.
B)The Catholic Church became a major participant in governing the area.
C)The French developed a cooperative trade relationship with indigenous peoples.
D)Amerindians were forced to hunt and trap for the French.
E)The Amerindians shared political power with the French.

Question 38

 Portuguese economic efforts in Brazil were rewarded by

A)the growth of large cities.
B)conquering strong empires of Amerindians.
C)exploitation of vast mineral deposits.
D)development of lucrative coastal ports.
E)supremacy over Spain in the Americas.

Question 39

 The religious beliefs and practices of the Quilombos included

A)a mixture of African and Amerindian beliefs.
B)a mixture of African and Catholic traditions.
C)Catholic beliefs.
D)worshipping the Ganga Zumba.
E)sacrifice of humans as Amerindian shrines.

Question 40

 Which of the following explains the Dutch success in the New World?

A)Pursued an aggressive form of commercial capitalism.
B)All of the answers are correct.
C)Creation of the Dutch West India Company.
D)Imported large number of slaves.
E)Developed advanced sugar-processing technology.

Question 41

 By 1700,a wide variety of European settlers could be found in the North American colonies,coming from which of the following countries? 

A)Scotland.
B)Germany.
C)All of the answers are correct. 
D)the Netherlands.
E)England.

Question 42

 The English eventually replaced Amerindian labor with English labor in Virginia,much like their policy of replacing native labor with English labor in

A)Ireland.
B)France.
C)Caribbean.
D)Carolinas.
E)India.

Question 43

 New England's social environment was homogeneous because of which of the following? 

A)entire families immigrated to New England.
B)farm communities were self-sufficient both economically and demographically.
C)the population contained equal number of men and women.
D)All of the answers are correct. 
E)farms were family-tended.

Question 44

 By the 18th century,which was true of the New England colonies? 

A)as a predominately Catholic territory,they had serious religious issues with the crown.
B)the Church of England had no regulatory devices in New England.
C)New England was seriously involved in the English Civil War.
D)they had achieved a degree of self-governance.
E)it supported Charles I as king of England.

Question 45

 By 1750,England faced a serious worldwide challenge from

A)France.
B)the Netherlands.
C)Spain.
D)Portugal.
E)Russia.

Question 46

 The New England colonies relied economically on agriculture because

A)the English did not know how to mine minerals.
B)there were few mineral resources.
C)there was not enough labor to work the mines.
D)the colonists refused to allow large-scale agriculture.
E)agriculture was more profitable.

Question 47

 By the late seventeenth century,the English had banned what in Virginia?

A)Using indentured servants.
B)Interracial sexual unions.
C)Selling Africa slaves.
D)Community slaves.
E)Trading with the Amerindians.

Question 48

 Generally,the American colonies were major areas of trade in which of the following?

A)spices.
B)minerals.
C)sugar.
D)tobacco.
E)furs.

Question 49

Please define the following key terms.

- Catalina de Erauso

Question 50

 Which of the following statements,associated with the colony of Carolina,is true?

A)Carolina plantations were larger than those in Virginia.
B)The large number of slaves allowed Africans to keep some of their culture and traditions.
C)It resembled the West Indies.
D)All of the answers are correct. 
E)Africans outnumbered the English settlers.

Question 51

 The main motive to immigrate to New England was to

A)escape Catholic persecution.
B)pursue economic opportunities.
C)seek safe areas for Protestants.
D)escape the established Church of England.
E)escape the Black Plague.

Question 52

 By the 1660s,what was the status of the Virginia House of Burgesses

A)Virginia had become a royal colony with a governor-general appointed by the king.
B)The governor-general was recalled by England.
C)Virginia attempted to declare its independence from England.
D)The planter class overturned the governor-general.
E)They were acting as an independent deliberative body.

Question 53

 Erauso confessed to a priest that she was a woman,and what was her ultimate fate?

A)She was exiled to New Spain for life.
B)She was forced to repent and join a convent.
C)She was given permission to dress as a man.
D)She was forced to marry a man.
E)She was allowed to Spain as a woman.

Question 54

 Religious intolerance and competition in Europe were mirrored or carried to the Americas by which of the following?

A)Catholic nations supported missionary ventures.
B)French Huguenots were not allowed to immigrate to New France.
C)the Church of England was the established church in Virginia.
D)the Congregationalist Church was dominant in New England.
E)all of the answers are correct. 

Question 55

 One feature of the competition between European powers in the Americas was that the English came to despise what other power for their "barbarism"?

A)France.
B)Spain.
C)The Dutch.
D)Portuguese.
E)Germans.

Question 56

Please define the following key terms.

- Panama

Question 57

 The Virginia tobacco grower went through stages of labor,which included the use of

A)criminals introduced from English prisons.
B)Amerindians.
C)indentured labor.
D)other Europeans captured in war.
E)family labor.

Question 58

Please define the following key terms.

- Viceroyalty?

Question 59

 The continuing effects of the Columbian Exchange in the Americas involved which of the following? 

A)the introduction of hogs into Virginia from Europe.
B)the use of American tobacco in Europe.
C)transformation of farmland to grazing land
D)European wheat and barley food crops added to the food variety in the Americas.
E)all of the answers are correct. 

Question 60

 Which of the following is true?

A)Tobacco was used by Amerindians for social and ritual purposes.
B)The soil and climate of Virginia was suitable for tobacco growing.
C)The English practiced an exclusionary policy toward the Amerindians.
D)All of the answers are correct. 
E)African slaves were used to provide labor.

Question 61

Please define the following key terms.

- Palmares

Question 62

Please define the following key terms.

- Syncretism

Question 63

Please define the following key terms.

- Encomienda

Question 64

Please define the following key terms.

- Mercury Amalgamation Process

Question 65

Please define the following key terms.

- Debt Peonage

Question 66

Please define the following key terms.

- Purity of the Blood

Question 67

Please define the following key terms.

- Haciendas

Question 68

Please define the following key terms.

- Repartimiento

Question 69

Please define the following key terms.

- Virgin of Guadalupe

Question 70

Please define the following key terms.

- Mestizo

Question 71

Please define the following key terms.

- Potosi

Question 72

Please define the following key terms.

- Casta System

Question 73

Please define the following key terms.

- Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz

Question 74

Please define the following key terms.

- Brazil

Question 75

Please define the following key terms.

- Criollos

Question 76

Please define the following key terms.

- Jesuits

Question 77

Please define the following key terms.

- Mita

Question 78

Please define the following key terms.

- Sugar Plantations

Question 79

Please define the following key terms.

- Silver

Question 80

Please define the following key terms.

- Quilombos