Deck 6: Designing Documents

Question 1

Sans serif fonts have little extensions,called serifs,from the main strokes.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: Sans serif fonts lack serifs and are good for titles and tables. Examples of san serif fonts are Helvetica, Arial, and Geneva.

Question 2

Visual communications expert,Charles Kostelnick distinguishes four levels of design which provide an organized way to think about the design choices one makes.

Answer 2

True
Explanation: Visual communications expert Charles Kostelnick distinguishes four levels of design. These levels provide an organized way to think about the design choices one can make in one's own documents, presentations, and visuals.

Question 3

In online documents,people interpret text in full capitals as "shouting" and thus should be used sparingly.

Answer 3

True
Explanation: In online documents, full capitals may elicit a negative response from an audience because they may interpret it as "shouting." Thus, it is best to use them sparingly.

Question 4

It is important to choose fonts carefully because they shape a reader's response just as font size does.

Question 5

Increasing white space helps in improving the look of a message.

Question 6

Effective design,like most aspects of communication,is unaffected by conventions.

Question 7

Good design is important only for brochures and newsletters and is irrelevant for announcements,memos,and one-page letters.

Question 8

Strong conventions work well with all audiences.

Question 9

Subheadings should be used only when there are at least two subdivisions under a given main heading.

Question 10

Violating conventions is risky because they may not be interpreted correctly.

Question 11

When saving space is a priority,it is better to cut down on white space instead of omitting text.

Question 12

Margins which are justified only on the right and have lines ending in one specific place are called ragged right margins.

Question 13

White space refers to the empty space on a page which makes material easier to read.

Question 14

The designing process needs to be planned and implemented only when one has completed writing a document.

Question 15

Easy-to-read documents enhance a writer's credibility and build an image of a professional,competent person.

Question 16

In a letter or memo,one should type main headings by capitalizing all letters of the heading.

Question 17

Fixed fonts allow wider letters to occupy more space than narrower letters.

Question 18

White space in a document can be created by eliminating headings and using uniform paragraph lengths.

Question 19

Large amounts of information are easier to process if they are presented individually instead of in groups of seven.

Question 20

It is good to use full justification when a document has very short line lengths.

Question 21

A grid system creates a more pleasing page and unifies long documents.

Question 22

Which of the following is true of conventions?

A) They provide a design language and effective design relies on them.
B) They make a writer's work unique and stand out better, when not followed.
C) They remain unchanged irrespective of old or new software.
D) They are static in nature and stay constant over long periods of time.
E) They work well with all audiences regardless of geographic area.

Question 23

Visual communications expert Charles Kostelnick's _____ level refers to design choices for individual letters and words.

A) intra
B) extra
C) inter
D) outer
E) supra

Question 24

It is important to use every possible highlighting and decorative device to make a document more attractive and easier to read.

Question 25

According to Jakob Nielsen,a usability consultant,the best usability testing involves watching people use the communication.

Question 26

To keep visitors long enough on a home page to find or buy what they want,one should make the first screen extremely easy to use.

Question 27

Ryan Jones works for a web design company and is currently working on designing an online shopping site for a client.For the content,he has chosen the Verdana and Calibri font and bolded details on terms and conditions and membership fees.In addition,he has also used the color blue to emphasize details on discounts offered and gift vouchers available.Which of the following levels of Charles Kostelnick's design is he using?

A) Extra
B) Intra
C) Outer
D) Inter
E) Supra

Question 28

All forms of business communication should begin by considering one's audience and purpose.

Question 29

Which of the following should be undertaken to create white space?

A) Using a mix of paragraph lengths, most not more than seven lines
B) Making the first and last paragraph longer than other paragraphs
C) Using spacing instead of tabs to arrange items vertically
D) Using bullets to follow a specific sequence or pattern
E) Using numbered lists when sequence does not matter

Question 30

People are more likely to read brochures if the text engages their attention.

Question 31

The top right quadrant is the most important quadrant in a page.

Question 32

Charles Kostelnick's _____ level of design refers to choices for entire documents and may comprise of paper size,headers,footers,and the index and table of contents.

A) intra
B) supra
C) extra
D) inter
E) outer

Question 33

In order to make a home page easy to use,one should provide navigation bars horizontally in the middle of the screen.

Question 34

Margaret Moore who runs a small lifestyle store in Michigan,recently designed a website to publicize her products and increase customer base.While designing the site,she used snapshots of her products,and photos of local celebrities who visited her store.In addition,she also used a bar chart to show why her eco-friendly products are better than other regular items available in the market.Which of Charles Kostelnick's level of design did Moore use?

A) Supra
B) Extra
C) Intra
D) Outer
E) Inter

Question 35

A document which looks appealing always works well with an audience.

Question 36

A sales brochure for a computer includes graphs and data displays that are strategically placed around the marketing piece.This is an example of visual communications expert,Charles Kostelnick's _____ level of communication design.

A) intra
B) inter
C) extra
D) supra
E) outer

Question 37

Michelle Davis is currently preparing a report on "The Education System in Ghana." She understands that she has a lot of content and decides to use a large page size of 841 × 1189 mm.She also places the page numbers on the bottom right corner because she feels they are easily noticeable.Which of Charles Kostelnick's level of design is Davis most likely using?

A) Supra
B) Intra
C) Extra
D) Inter
E) Outer

Question 38

Karen Green has recently launched her first line of clothing and wants to develop a website for her design collection.In her website,she plans to use bullet points to emphasize a list of her upcoming boutiques in New York.In addition,she also wants to use a mix of paragraph lengths so that it creates white space and emphasizes the content.Which of the following level of Charles Kostelnick's design is she using?

A) Inter
B) Extra
C) Outer
D) Intra
E) Supra

Question 39

While creating a brochure,one should use fixed fonts and avoid repeating design elements.

Question 40

Which of the following is a feature of good document design?

A) Using at least three different fonts to separate different ideas
B) Using as many words with capital letters as possible to emphasize data
C) Using white space to separate and emphasize important points
D) Placing important data on the top right quadrant of a page
E) Avoid using headings to group points because it confuses the reader

Question 41

In a single-spaced letter or memo,one should:

A) type main headings with the same font as that of the body.
B) add double-space between the heading and the text that follows.
C) type the body of the memo in capitals to emphasize important data.
D) use subheadings if there is only one subdivision under the heading.
E) add single-space between previous text and the heading in single-spaced text.

Question 42

What guidelines should be followed while using colors and decorative devices?

A) Using colors to highlight small points or information in the body of a text
B) Using as many highlighting devices as possible to make the document look appealing
C) Analyzing an audience before making color choices because meanings of colors may vary
D) Avoid using color to highlight points because it deemphasizes remaining information
E) Using all kinds of decorative devices to make a document attractive to the audience

Question 43

Which of the following purposes should headings undertake?

A) They should group a minimum of ten chunks of information.
B) They should be ambiguous so that they cover a large range of data.
C) They should make each heading cover certain parts of other headings.
D) They should make a page look formidable by preventing from breaking it up.
E) They should allow readers to turn to sections of special interest quickly.

Question 44

Which of the following guidelines should be used while designing a brochure?

A) Trying not to repeat any design elements since this can make a piece boring
B) Avoid placing the central selling point on a cover as it reduces a reader's intrigue
C) Using the same font style and size for headings and other text to be consistent
D) Using enough white space with short paragraphs and extra space between them
E) Using me-attitude instead of you-attitude to demonstrate confidence in one's brochure

Question 45

When designing a website,it is a good design strategy to:

A) use a constant font size and design throughout the document.
B) ensure that links do not change color when they are visited.
C) use large text blocks and as much animation as possible.
D) use a black, dark grey or dark blue background for visual variety.
E) provide visual variety through bullets and indentations.

Question 46

Rachel Reed is writing a report on "Impacts of Deforestation in the Amazon." Among the many impacts,she wants to emphasize on global warming as the most critical one.She wants to place this information in the most important part of the page.In which quadrant of her report should Reed place this information?

A) Top right
B) Centre
C) Lower centre
D) Top left
E) Lower left

Question 47

While using lists to create white space,it is important to:

A) ensure all paragraphs comprise of not more than two lines.
B) make the first paragraph as lengthy as possible.
C) use bullets when sequence needs to be followed.
D) make all items non-parallel for better understanding.
E) use tabs or indents to align items vertically.

Question 48

Which of the following may be used as a decorative device in a document?

A) A numbered sequence
B) Arrows
C) Bullet points
D) White space
E) Tables

Question 49

Johanna Richardson recently created a web page for the project,"Protection of Orangutans" which gained immense popularity among animal and nature lovers.Which of the following design principles did Richardson most likely use which helped the web page gain popularity?

A) Used automatic instead of manual display of animation to entertain the audience.
B) Offered forest music at the site without an off button for the audience's convenience.
C) Prevented surfers from knowing who sponsored each page to avoid creating bias.
D) Used small graphics so that the text can be viewed while the graphics are loading.
E) Avoided placing links to the home page since it takes attention away from other pages.

Question 50

Lisa Morris recently prepared a brochure on an AIDS Campaign.However,when the brochure was distributed among the public,she received a general feedback that it was not user friendly.Which of the following did Morris most likely do?

A) Used Arial and Calibri fonts since they are popular
B) Repeated design elements across all panels
C) Used proportional fonts for the text in the brochure
D) Created contrast between text and visuals
E) Underlined to make it easier to read

Question 51

Alice Turner needs to write a report for a class assignment and she has already finished planning and gathering all the necessary information for the report.She now wants to start writing and is planning on using a font which makes all letters use an equal amount of space.Which of the following should Turner use?

A) Roman
B) Palatino
C) Helvetica
D) Courier
E) Arial

Question 52

Nicole Campbell has finished designing a website for the travel company that she works for.She now needs to test its usability.Which of the following according to usability expert,Jakob Nielsen,should Campbell most likely do?

A) Take note of what users feel they can do on the site
B) Observe and examine people use the site
C) Interact informally with people to know preferences
D) Use a questionnaire to track people's opinions
E) Get an expert to run through the website

Question 53

Cheryl Mayer recently finished writing an assignment for an end-of-year project.Which of the following did she use for her headings if she wrote with a sans serif font?

A) New Courier
B) Elite
C) Times Roman
D) Palatino
E) Arial

Question 54

According to usability consultant,Jakob Nielsen,what does an F-shaped pattern indicate when viewing web pages?

A) The centre of a page must contain the most important information.
B) The bottom left half of a page is where a reader starts reading.
C) The centre of a page is where an audience starts reading a document.
D) The top of a page must contain the most important information.
E) The left side of a page is always skipped by a reader.

Question 55

Lisa Robinson is a sales manager at a bank.She recently received an electronic mail from a team member,John Hill,requesting leave during Christmas.Though the mail was formulated well,she felt like Hill was shouting at her.Which of the following did Hill most likely use?

A) Sentences in green font among other text in black
B) Headings which were short and brief
C) Important sentences in full capitals
D) Long, descriptive sentences
E) White space between text

Question 56

A way to ensure that a reader stays long enough on a home page is to:

A) avoid letting the reader know about the organization sponsoring the page.
B) make completion of tasks difficult which challenges a reader and increases interest.
C) prevent showing an overview of a page because it makes a reader skim through it.
D) make it clear what readers will get if they click on a certain link.
E) provide navigation bars vertically at the centre of a screen.

Question 57

Full justification should be used when:

A) one cannot use proportional typefaces.
B) one wants to use as few pages as possible.
C) one wants establish an informal look.
D) one has a huge amount of content to be displayed.
E) one wants to have lines ending in different places.

Question 58

While designing a document,which of the following should one undertake to make a web page useful for visually impaired viewers?

A) Provide navigation bars vertically on the top of a screen
B) Use alternative text or "ALT tag" for web pages
C) Label hypertext links "Click here" so that users can navigate easily
D) Provide links that do not change color when visited
E) Place an off button if a document has music or sound effects

Question 59

Which of the following illustrates parallel items in the list and best fits into the structure of the sentence that introduces the list?

A) The following suggestions can help employers avoid bias in job interviews:
1) Ask questions based on the job description
2) Making decisions based on applicant's merit
3) Selecting and training interviewers
B) The following suggestions can help employers avoid bias in job interviews:
1) Basing questions on the job description
2) Asking the same questions to all applicants
3) Selecting and training interviewers carefully
C) The following suggestions can help employers avoid bias in job interviews:
1) Base questions on the job description
2) Ask the same questions to all applicants
3) Selection and training of interviewers carefully
D) The following suggestions can help employers avoid bias in job interviews:
1) Basing questions on the requirements of position
2) Specific list of questions used for all applicants
3) Carefully selecting and training interviewers
E) The following suggestions can help employers avoid bias in job interviews:

Question 60

Tracy Thompson has finished writing a progress report for her manager on the project she has been working on.However,when she browsed through the report on completion,she noticed a fundamental error in document design.Which of the following design errors did Thompson most likely notice?

A) Usage of headings to divide work undertaken every month
B) Usage of a short first paragraph which summarized the report
C) Usage of numbers to show chronology of completed tasks
D) Usage of Arial, Courier, Verdana, and Calibri fonts
E) Usage of 12 type font for the body of the progress report

Question 61

Kylie Reeves in her report on "Strategies to Prevent Deforestation" used a fourteen-point type font and separated her different strategies with the use of three popular fonts,Times New Roman,Arial,and Verdana.She also used headings to integrate related topics such as role of media and government bodies.However,her project manager found a design error in the report.What is most likely the error in Reeves' report? Explain.

Question 62

What is the importance of usability in testing a design according to usability expert,Jakob Nielsen? Explain.

Question 63

What is the purpose of visual communications expert,Charles Kostelnick's four levels of design?

Question 64

How can headings be used effectively?

Question 65

What are some ways to make a home page easy to use so that visitors stay long enough on the page?

Question 66

What are some advantages of a good document design?

Question 67

David Riley is planning to design a web page for his company.He has numerous pictures that he can use and has written a draft of what he wants to place on this marketing page.He would like to follow standard conventions to design an attractive,user-friendly website.Describe some of the guidelines that Riley should consider when creating his page.

Question 68

What is the importance of different quadrants in a document? Explain.

Question 69

Lesley Jameson works for "Stop!" a boutique for clothing,and has been asked by her manager to write a report on "Growth of Stop! in the last 5 Years." What does Jameson need to do which will create white space in her document and make it easier to read? Explain with examples.

Question 70

How is full justification different from ragged right margins? When should full justification be used?

Question 71

What is the importance of conventions in design? Explain.

Question 72

How is visual communications expert,Charles Kostelnick's intra-level of design different from his inter-level of design?

Question 73

What are some key design principles that one should keep in mind while creating a brochure?

Question 74

List out the guidelines that one needs to follow for page design.

Question 75

Explain the importance of headings in a document.