Deck 5: Cardiovascular System: Heart and Blood Vessels

Question 1

The right ventricle is to the pulmonary trunk as the left ventricle is to the ___________.

A) aorta
B) superior vena cava
C) left pulmonary vein
D) inferior vena cava
E) left common carotid artery

Answer 1

A
Explanation: The right ventricle pumps blood out through the pulmonary trunk. The left ventricle pumps blood out through the aorta.

Question 2

Elizabeth takes a prescription drug that dilates her arterioles.What does this do to her blood pressure? Why?

A) It falls because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
B) It rises because this increases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
C) It falls because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
D) It rises because this decreases the cross-sectional area of the vessels.
E) It stays the same because venules, not arterioles, control blood pressure.

Answer 2

A
Explanation: When arterioles dilate blood pressure falls because of the increase in the cross-sectional area of the vessels.

Question 3

What are the two components of the cardiovascular system?

A) heart and blood vessels
B) arteries and heart
C) veins and heart
D) arteries and veins
E) capillaries and veins

Answer 3

A
Explanation: The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and the blood vessels.

Question 4

What is the name of the thick,membranous sac that surrounds and protects the heart?

A) mesothelium
B) endothelium
C) pericardium
D) myocardium
E) epicardium

Question 5

The walls of veins are thinner,so they cannot expand as greatly as arteries can.

Question 6

The innermost layer of an artery is known as what?

A) mesothelium
B) endothelium
C) exothelium
D) hyperthelium
E) hypothelium

Question 7

Which part of the body is often diseased in alcoholics due to exposure to alcohol?

A) liver
B) stomach
C) mouth
D) esophagus
E) large intestine

Question 8

When dissecting a specimen,Barry noticed that the arteries were thicker and more elastic than the veins.Why?

A) Veins return blood to the heart against gravity.
B) Arteries contain a greater volume of blood.
C) Veins have valves.
D) Arteries are under greater pressure.
E) Arteries have less smooth muscle than veins.

Question 9

What are known as the "strings of the heart?"

A) cingulated pectorale
B) chordae tendinae
C) corpus albicans
D) corpus callosum
E) choroid plexus

Question 10

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

A) atria
B) auricles
C) AV valves
D) ventricles
E) septa

Question 11

Choose the most correct statement concerning capillaries.

A) Networks of capillaries are called capillary nets.
B) Almost all capillaries are open at the same time.
C) The only site of nutrient, gas exchange, and waste exchange is the capillaries.
D) Pre-capillary sphincters contract to increase capillary flow.
E) The walls of capillaries contain smooth muscle.

Question 12

Gas exchange is the only function of blood.

Question 13

What type of tissue is important in assisting the cardiovascular system by collecting excess tissue fluid and eventually returning it to the cardiovascular system?

A) pulmonary
B) vascular
C) lymphatic
D) gastric
E) urinary

Question 14

Which of the following blood vessels are the only ones small,thin,and porous enough to exchange substances at the tissue level of organization?

A) arterioles
B) capillaries
C) venules
D) small arteries
E) veins

Question 15

What is the function of valves in the veins?

A) increase the rate of blood flow
B) prevent the backward flow of blood
C) regulation of blood pressure
D) oxygenate the blood
E) remove debris from the blood

Question 16

Dr.Ferguson explained that in a condition known as situs inversus,the internal organs are reversed in their orientation.Thus,the apex of the heart would be oriented to the ___.

A) middle
B) right
C) left
D) front
E) back

Question 17

At any one time,where is the majority of the blood found in the body?

A) veins
B) lungs
C) lymphatic vessels
D) capillaries
E) arteries

Question 18

What type of cell junctions are found in cardiac muscle tissue?

A) atria and auricles
B) septae and chordae
C) intercalated disks
D) myocardium and pericardium
E) gap junctions and desmosomes

Question 19

What structure within a capillary bed shunts blood from the arteriole to the venule?

A) precapillary valve
B) endothelium
C) precapillary sphincter
D) pericardium
E) shunt valve

Question 20

In a city analogy,what is the cardiovascular system similar to?

A) roads
B) government building
C) grocery stores
D) waste recycling plant
E) power plant

Question 21

What is considered the pacemaker of the heart?

A) medulla oblongata
B) the sinoatrial node
C) the atrioventricular node
D) Purkinje fibers
E) atrioventricular bundle

Question 22

Which part of the brain contains the cardiac control center?

A) cerebrum
B) medulla oblongata
C) cerebellum
D) pons
E) frontal lobe

Question 23

A hospital laboratory technician injects a dye into a vein in your right arm.What is the first chamber of the heart the dye reaches?

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle

Question 24

What does an ECG record?

A) brain activity
B) blood volume
C) heart sounds
D) hormonal changes
E) electrical changes

Question 25

The "lub" sound of the "lub-dup" heart beat is due to what?

A) the closing of the AV valves
B) the closing of the semilunar valves
C) the right atrium contracting
D) the left atrium contracting
E) the relaxation of both atria

Question 26

What is the instrument called that is used to measure blood pressure?

A) stethoscope
B) CPR
C) sphygmomanometer
D) ECG
E) AED

Question 27

If the semilunar valve was blocked,where would blood accumulate?

A) lungs
B) right atrium
C) left atrium
D) right ventricle
E) left ventricle

Question 28

Normal blood pressure is 120/80.What is the top number called and what is happening in the heart?

A) systolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart
B) diastolic pressure, ejection of blood from the heart
C) systolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing
D) diastolic pressure, ventricles are relaxing
E) diastolic pressure, atria are contracting, ventricles are relaxing

Question 29

Lisa receives a dose of epinephrine.What does this do to her heart rate?

A) increases it
B) decreases it
C) stops it
D) does not alter it

Question 30

If your pulse is 70 beats per minute,how fast is your heart beating?

A) 140 beats per minute
B) 35 beats per minute
C) 70 beats per minute

Question 31

A person who sits for hours on a long airplane flight will have problems will blood pooling below the knees.Why?

A) The valves in the leg veins don't work above a certain altitude.
B) Blood pressure drops on long airplane flights.
C) The respiratory pump is not helping blood return to the heart.
D) The capillaries expand at high altitudes.
E) The skeletal muscle pump is not helping blood return to the heart.

Question 32

A blood pressure of 90/40 is considered normal.

Question 33

Mrs.Hinson was informed that her blood pressure was 150/95.These numbers indicate that she has __________.

A) normal blood pressure
B) prehypertension
C) hypotension
D) stage 1 hypertension
E) stage 2 hypertension

Question 34

Which of the following could be used to take a pulse?

A) radial vein
B) radial artery
C) inferior vena cava
D) superior vena cava
E) renal capillaries

Question 35

The cardiac muscle is supplied with nutrients from the blood within the heart itself.

Question 36

Tina's heart began to beat much faster when it came to the scary scene in the movie.Which part of the nervous system causes the heart to beat faster when afraid?

A) peripheral
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) sympathetic
E) axial

Question 37

During open heart surgery,the first heart structure that would be cut into is the _____________.

A) myocardium
B) left ventricle
C) pericardium.
D) right ventricle
E) left atrium

Question 38

Which of the following heart tissues is not part of the internal conduction system of the heart?

A) atrioventricular bundle
B) atrioventricular node
C) Purkinje fibers
D) sinoatrial node
E) semilunar valve

Question 39

Blood leaves which chamber of the heart to enter the lungs?

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle

Question 40

Where in the body is blood pressure the highest?

A) superior vena cava
B) aorta
C) inferior vena cava
D) lung capillaries
E) renal capillaries

Question 41

All veins carry oxygen-poor blood.

Question 42

Blood pressure ______ with distance from the left ventricle while the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels __________.

A) decreases, increases
B) increases, decreases
C) stays the same, decreases
D) stays the same, increases
E) decreases, stays the same

Question 43

If a person is dehydrated,how will this affect nutrient exchange at the capillaries?

A) It will have no effect.
B) Water will not leave the arterial end of the capillary and enter the tissues.
C) Oxygen will not leave the capillary and enter the tissues.
D) Carbon dioxide will not leave the tissues and enter the capillary.
E) Plasma proteins will be able to leave the capillary and enter the tissues.

Question 44

If fluid is leaving a capillary and entering the tissue,which of the following statements is true?

A) Red blood cells are able to leave the capillary.
B) Plasma proteins are able to leave the capillary.
C) Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure.
D) This is the venous end of the capillary.
E) The net pressure is in.

Question 45

Which of the following activities is not recommended for prevention of cardiovascular disease?

A) Know your cholesterol level.
B) Take antioxidant vitamins (A, E, and C).
C) Raise the LDL intake.
D) Use olive and canola oil rather than butter/cream.
E) Exercise moderately.

Question 46

What drug may protect against having a first heart attack?

A) acetominophen
B) aspirin
C) ACE
D) t-PA
E) beta-blockers

Question 47

Which chamber of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit?

A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) left ventricle

Question 48

What is the ballooning or bulging of a blood vessel called?

A) embolus
B) aneurysm
C) thrombus
D) myocardial infarction
E) stroke

Question 49

Blood pressure plays a major role in returning blood to the heart.

Question 50

Generally,there are no symptoms of hypertension.

Question 51

In the pulmonary circuit,veins carry oxygen-____ blood,and in the systemic circuit,veins carry oxygen-_____ blood.

A) rich, rich
B) poor, poor
C) rich, poor
D) poor, rich

Question 52

What is a stent?

A) a cylinder of expandable metal mesh
B) time spent in recovery after coronary bypass surgery
C) a treatment for phlebitis
D) an instrument that regulates the heartbeat
E) a treatment to lower blood pressure

Question 53

Tissue fluid leaving the arterial end of the capillary is balanced by tissue fluid entering the venous end of the capillary.

Question 54

Tissue fluid contains lower amounts of protein than does plasma.

Question 55

What system drains blood from the capillary beds of the digestive tract to a capillary bed in the liver?

A) cephalic
B) hepatic portal
C) coronary
D) celiac
E) lymphatic

Question 56

What is the largest artery in the systemic circuit?

A) femoral
B) carotid
C) pulmonary
D) hepatic
E) aorta

Question 57

Why does blood move slowly in the capillaries in comparison to arterioles?

A) Capillaries are much wider than arterioles.
B) Blood pressure is much higher in capillaries than in arterioles.
C) There are many more capillaries than arterioles.
D) Precapillary sphincters close shunting blood into capillaries.
E) Capillaries are present in muscles while arterioles are not.

Question 58

The systemic circuit contains more blood at any one time than does the pulmonary circuit.

Question 59

The American Heart Association recommends a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol to prevent which disease?

A) hypotension
B) aneurysm
C) hypertension
D) atherosclerosis
E) infarction

Question 60

The blood from the digestive tract travels through two different veins before reaching the inferior vena cava.

Question 61

What is a Jarvik 2000?

A) a cardioverter-defibrillator
B) a left ventricular assist device
C) a total artificial heart
D) a heart pump inserted inside the left ventricle
E) a form of coronary stent

Question 62

Which of the following is not a symptom of a heart attack?

A) feeling of pressure in the chest
B) dizziness
C) nausea and vomiting
D) diarrhea
E) shortness of breath