Deck 24: Human Population, planetary Resources, and Conservation

Question 1

At least 40% of the world population lives within 100 km (60 miles)of a coastline.

Answer 1

True
Explanation: This leads to significant environmental issues and the numbers are expected to increase.

Question 2

Define an ecological footprint.

A) the total amount of resources used by an individual to meet their needs
B) the amount of food a person needs to eat
C) the amount of water a person needs to meet their needs
D) the amount of land a person needs to provide a place to live
E) the amount of energy a person needs to meet their needs

Answer 2

A
Explanation: An ecological footprint involves all of the resources, food, water, land, energy, and minerals, a person uses to meet their needs.

Question 3

What happened to the death rate in LDCs following World War II? Why?

A) It increased due to the loss of infrastructure following the war.
B) It increased due to the spread of disease because of refugees from the war.
C) It decreased because of the introduction of modern medicine.
D) It decreased because people were no longer dying in World War II.

Answer 3

C
Explanation: The death rate in LDCs decreased following WWII because of the introduction of modern medicine.

Question 4

The more-developed countries have typically always had low population increases.

Question 5

How is the growth rate of a population determined?

A) birth rate
B) death rate
C) birth rate minus death rate
D) birth rate times death rate
E) birth rate divided by death rate

Question 6

The population growth in less-developed countries is

A) modestly increasing.
B) dramatically increasing.
C) negative.
D) leveling off.

Question 7

What is the definition of biotic potential?

A) a relatively slow (lag) population growth
B) maximum growth rate under ideal conditions
C) maximum population the environment can sustain
D) the birthrate or natality
E) the deathrate or mortality

Question 8

The age structure diagram of MDCs is shaped like

A) a pyramid.
B) an inverted pyramid.
C) a rectangle.

Question 9

What is the current world's population?

A) almost 1 billion people
B) almost 3 billion people
C) almost 5 billion people
D) almost 7 billion people
E) almost 10 billion people

Question 10

Which of the following is not a way to reduce your ecological footprint?

A) drive an energy-efficient car
B) eat more beef
C) live in a smaller home
D) turn down the thermostat in the winter
E) do not water the lawn

Question 11

Birthrate and death rate are usually expressed as percentages (per 100 people).

Question 12

If there are more women in the postreproductive years than in the reproductive years,and more women in the reproductive years than in the prereproductive years,what does the age structure diagram look like?

A) a pyramid
B) an inverted pyramid
C) a rectangle

Question 13

In order to have a negative population growth rate,

A) the birthrate must exceed the death rate.
B) the biotic potential of the population must increase.
C) the death rate must exceed the birth rate.
D) the carrying capacity for the population must increase.
E) only replacement reproduction can occur.

Question 14

What does the population growth for the United States look like?

A) increasing
B) decreasing
C) leveling off

Question 15

If the birthrate is 22 per 1000 per year and the death rate is 8 per 1000 per year,what is the population growth rate?

A) 2.2%
B) 0.8%
C) 1.4%
D) 14%
E) 22%

Question 16

More women in the LDCs are entering the reproductive years than older women are leaving them.

Question 17

Currently the world population growth is at 1.2%.If the birthrate is 19.86 per 1000 (2009 estimate),what is the death rate?

A) 19.86
B) 7.86
C) 12
D) 1.2
E) 78.6

Question 18

Which of the following is a renewable resource?

A) land
B) solar energy
C) fossil fuels
D) minerals

Question 19

The carrying capacity of Earth for humans is approximately 8 billion people.

Question 20

If each couple only has two children,zero population growth will take place immediately.

Question 21

How much of Earth's land mass is already desert?

A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 40%
D) 50%
E) 65%

Question 22

Minerals are what type of resource?

A) renewable
B) nonrenewable

Question 23

"Green revolution" plants caused many ecological problems.

Question 24

What do hydropower and wind power have in common?

A) Both require the building of dams.
B) Both lead to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions.
C) Both are renewable energy sources.
D) Both result in the depletion of fossil fuels.
E) Both require the use of photovoltaic cells.

Question 25

Which of the following is not associated with groundwater depletion?

A) subsidence
B) sinkholes
C) saltwater intrusion
D) lowering of the water table
E) sediment buildup

Question 26

Which of the following is considered a benefit of a dam?

A) electricity use
B) alter river flow
C) loss of water by evaporation
D) seepage into underlying rock beds
E) sediment buildup

Question 27

Which of the following is not an issue for coastal areas?

A) loss of habitat for organisms
B) loss of buffer zone for storms
C) desertification
D) pollution
E) erosion

Question 28

Which of the following is not a harmful practice of modern farming?

A) heavy use of pesticides and herbicides
B) polyculture planting
C) heavy use of fertilizers
D) generous irrigation
E) increased fuel consumption

Question 29

What organization oversees the cleanup of hazardous waste sites in the United States?

A) NIH
B) NSF
C) USDA
D) EPA
E) USGS

Question 30

How many more people could be fed on grain than on meat?

A) 20 times
B) 10 times
C) 5 times
D) 3 times
E) 2 times

Question 31

Overall,there is not enough water on the face of the Earth to meet the human population needs for water.

Question 32

In MDCs,many people do not eat enough protein.

Question 33

The soil in the tropics is very rich and fertile and makes excellent land for agriculture.

Question 34

Why should pregnant women and small children not eat certain fish?

A) herbicide contamination
B) mercury contamination
C) pesticide contamination
D) lead contamination
E) PCB contamination

Question 35

It is considered a human right for people to have clean drinking water.

Question 36

One of the best things you can do personally to help the environment is to cut down on your consumption of meat.

Question 37

Planting the same crop in straight rows prevents soil erosion.

Question 38

Wind is to a wind farm as what is to hydropower?

A) falling water
B) solar energy
C) hydrogen gas
D) steam
E) hot salt

Question 39

Which organism is more likely to suffer due to biological magnification?

A) earthworm
B) caterpillar
C) minnow
D) pelican
E) algae

Question 40

Most of the freshwater in the world is used for

A) drinking.
B) bathing.
C) irrigation.
D) watering lawns.
E) industrial needs.

Question 41

The biggest problem in moving toward a sustainable society with the LDCs is overconsumption.

Question 42

Which of the following is an urban,not a rural,sustainability plan?

A) use low-flow or trickle irrigation
B) plant cover crops
C) use green roofs
D) use integrated pest management
E) plant multipurpose trees

Question 43

Fish are considered a nonrenewable resource.

Question 44

Is it important to save the wild relatives of our current crop plants,even at great cost?

Question 45

When calculating the gross national product,economists consider whether an activity is environmentally harmful.

Question 46

Decorative plants and exotic pets often suffer from overexploitation.

Question 47

How long does it take for a plastic grocery bag to degrade?

A) 1-2 weeks
B) 1-2 months
C) a year
D) 10-20 years
E) more than 50 years

Question 48

Which of the following statements about the indirect value of trees is not true?

A) Globally, they stabilize the climate because they take up carbon dioxide.
B) They provide shade and reduce the need for fans and airconditioning.
C) In forests, they exert a natural "sponge effect" for provision of freshwater.
D) They break down dead organic matter and other types of wastes.
E) They retain soil and prevent soil erosion.

Question 49

Which of the following is an alien species that has invaded the United States?

A) bass
B) oak trees
C) wolves
D) kudzu
E) buffalo

Question 50

What do indirect values of biodiversity all have in common?

A) They are all involved with the biogeochemical cycles.
B) They are all pervasive benefits provided by ecosystems.
C) They provide pleasure and relaxation for humans.
D) They all depend on an individual species.
E) They all undo some harm that humans have done.

Question 51

Which of the following would be an example of an organism that provides direct benefit by consumptive use value?

A) armadillos
B) rosy periwinkle
C) wheat
D) rice
E) trees

Question 52

Which of the following medicinal value pairings is mismatched?

A) rosy periwinkle--leukemia
B) armadillo--leprosy
C) viruses--antibiotics
D) fungus--penicillin
E) horseshoe crabs--limulus amoebocyte lysate

Question 53

Which of the following would not be considered an unsustainable practice of society?

A) reduction in population growth rate
B) eating more meat than vegetables
C) using more freshwater for agriculture than in homes
D) using large amounts of fossil fuels, fertilizers, and pesticides
E) deforestation and desertification

Question 54

Which of the following is an indirect,as opposed to a direct,value of biodiversity?

A) medical use
B) food
C) consumptive use
D) ecotourism

Question 55

Which of the following criteria of value are mismatched?

A) cultural value--language and history
B) option value--preserving for the future
C) educational value--experience of nature
D) aesthetic value--agricultural use
E) use value--entrance fees

Question 56

Which of the following is not a factor contributing to the loss of biodiversity?

A) alien species
B) increased carrying capacity
C) pollution
D) overexploitation
E) disease

Question 57

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a sustainable society?

A) multi-use farming
B) integrated pest management
C) mass transit
D) draining of wetlands for housing
E) recycling and composting

Question 58

Which of the following is not a sustainability practice designed to conserve water?

A) use sediment traps for storm drains
B) use low-flow or trickle irrigation
C) build retention ponds
D) use nonporous surfaces for parking lots
E) use green roofs

Question 59

A sustainable society is one that provides all of the goods and services desired by humans.

Question 60

Measures that include noneconomic indicators are most likely better at revealing our quality of life than is the gross national product.