Deck 23: Global Ecology and Human Interferences

Question 1

What is another name for the taiga?

A) savanna
B) tropical rain forest
C) prairie
D) coniferous forest
E) tundra

Answer 1

D
Explanation: The taiga is a type of coniferous forest.

Question 2

Which of the following defines an ecosystems?

A) a group of organisms of the same species interacting together
B) all of the living organisms in an area interacting together
C) all living organisms and the nonliving environment interacting together
D) aspects of the nonliving environment interacting together
E) all the places on Earth where living organisms can be found

Answer 2

C
Explanation: Ecosystems are specific areas where organisms interact among themselves and with the physical and chemical environment.

Question 3

What two characteristics define a biome?

A) temperature and the types of plants found there
B) amount of precipitation and the types of plants found there
C) temperature and rainfall
D) latitude and rainfall
E) altitude and temperature

Answer 3

C
Explanation: A biome is defined by the temperature and rainfall.

Question 4

Which is the following functions of an herbivore provides energy that becomes available to the carnivore that eats the herbivore?

A) excretion
B) defecation
C) growth and reproduction
D) cellular respiration
E) death

Question 5

The conditions that define a tropical grassland,such as a savanna,are

A) low to high temperatures and low annual rainfall.
B) high temperatures and moderate/seasonal rainfall.
C) low average temperature but moderate rainfall.
D) high average temperature and large amounts of annual rainfall.
E) low to high temperatures and large amounts of annual rainfall.

Question 6

Which of the following is not an abiotic component of an ecosystem?

A) decomposers
B) soil type
C) amount of rainfall
D) temperature
E) amount of sunlight

Question 7

Both energy and chemicals cycle through an ecosystem.

Question 8

From the North Pole south,what is the first type of ecosystem encountered?

A) coniferous forests
B) prairies
C) temperate forests
D) taiga
E) tundra

Question 9

The bottom of the ocean floor is not considered part of the biosphere because no sunlight reaches it.

Question 10

Decomposers perform a valuable service because they recycle nutrients.

Question 11

The richest marine ecosystems are those in the open water where large fish abound.

Question 12

Almost 100% of the energy taken in by plants from the sun is available to an ecosystem.

Question 13

Timothy has become a vegan.He does not eat any meat,eggs,milk,or cheese.How would Timothy be classified?

A) producer
B) herbivore
C) carnivore
D) omnivore
E) detritus feeder

Question 14

To say that something is a producer is to give information regarding its niche in an ecosystem.

Question 15

What do autotrophs require in order to produce food for themselves and all the heterotrophs?

A) sunlight, inorganic nutrients
B) sunlight, organic nutrients
C) an energy source, water
D) an energy source, inorganic nutrients
E) heat, water

Question 16

What kind of an organism is an earthworm?

A) producer
B) herbivore
C) carnivore
D) omnivore
E) detritus feeder

Question 17

Which term is analogous to the word "niche"?

A) address
B) job description
C) properties
D) needs
E) desires

Question 18

What is another name for autotrophs?

A) herbivores
B) carnivores
C) omnivores
D) producers
E) detritus feeders

Question 19

How much of the food energy taken in by an herbivore is passed on to a carnivore?

A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 50%
E) 90%

Question 20

All of the energy in an ecosystem eventually becomes

A) sunlight.
B) feces.
C) heat.
D) detritus.
E) body mass.

Question 21

What is the advantage of constructing an ecological pyramid based on biomass?

A) Aquatic ecosystem pyramids actually look like pyramids.
B) Size of the various organisms is eliminated as a factor.
C) This includes the detrital food web as well as the grazing food web in one pyramid.
D) This takes into account nutrient cycling as well as energy flow.
E) This eliminates the need to include producers in the pyramid.

Question 22

Are humans capable of upsetting global biogeochemical cycles with their activities?

Question 23

Which of the following is on the same trophic level as a rabbit?

A) deer
B) snake
C) fox
D) hawk
E) beetle

Question 24

What organism would be at the second level in a detrital food chain?

A) leaves
B) detritus
C) birds
D) earthworms
E) shrews

Question 25

If the first-level carnivores consumes 500 kg of herbivore tissue,how much is available to the second-level carnivores?

A) 500 kg
B) 100 kg
C) 50 kg
D) 10 kg
E) 5 kg

Question 26

Minerals in rocks are considered what type of component of a chemical cycle?

A) reservoir
B) exchange pool
C) biotic community

Question 27

Most ecosystems contain quaternary consumers.

Question 28

What does the word "trophic" mean?

A) energy
B) niche
C) web
D) feeding
E) biomass

Question 29

When water evaporates from the ocean,it leaves the salts behind.

Question 30

Do all ecological pyramids actually look like a pyramid?

Question 31

What is the reservoir for the water cycle?

A) ocean
B) lakes and rivers
C) rainfall
D) aquifers

Question 32

The atmosphere would be considered what component of a chemical cycle?

A) reservoir
B) exchange pool
C) biotic community

Question 33

A biogeochemical cycle involves only the abiotic components of an ecosystem and describes how chemicals circulate through those components.

Question 34

What is at the beginning of a grazing food chain?

A) detritus
B) earthworms
C) beetles
D) shrews
E) leaves

Question 35

What is the loss of water from plants called?

A) runoff
B) precipitation
C) evaporation
D) transpiration
E) transference

Question 36

Hail and snow are considered

A) evaporation.
B) precipitation.
C) runoff.
D) transpiration.
E) aquifers.

Question 37

Which of the following organisms is a secondary consumer?

A) leaves
B) caterpillars
C) sparrows
D) hawks

Question 38

Which of the following biogeochemical cycles is a sedimentary cycle?

A) carbon
B) nitrogen
C) phosphorus

Question 39

Life on Earth is dependent on a continued input of energy from the sun.

Question 40

A detrital food web and a grazing food web are separate because each starts at a different level.

Question 41

There is more nitrogen gas in the atmosphere than there is oxygen.

Question 42

The ratio between the uptake of carbon dioxide by photosynthesis and the release of carbon dioxide by respiration is approximately

A) one (i.e., about the same).
B) 2 (i.e., twice as much carbon dioxide is taken up by photosynthesis as is released by respiration).
C) 5 (i.e., five times as much carbon dioxide is taken up by photosynthesis as is released by respiration).
D) 0.5 (i.e., half as much carbon dioxide is taken up by photosynthesis as is released by respiration).
E) 0.1 (i.e., one tenth as much carbon dioxide is taken up by photosynthesis as is released by respiration).

Question 43

Organisms that live in an aquatic environment get their carbon from calcium carbonate shells on the bottom instead of from carbon dioxide in the environment.

Question 44

How does phosphate enter the soil?

A) conversion in the atmosphere due to lightning
B) precipitation from clouds
C) weathering of rocks
D) photosynthesis
E) cellular respiration

Question 45

Cultural eutrophication can be caused by

A) respiration and transpiration.
B) mercury from industrial sources.
C) bacteria and viruses from sewage and barnyard waste.
D) detergents, fertilizers, and sewage treatment plants.
E) biological magnification.

Question 46

Which of the following is a legume involved in housing nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

A) ferns
B) oak trees
C) grass
D) beans
E) roses

Question 47

What is the direct source of carbon for algae?

A) calcium carbonate
B) calcium chloride
C) bicarbonate
D) carbon dioxide
E) carbon monoxide

Question 48

There is no reservoir of carbon for the carbon cycle.

Question 49

Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

A) oxygen
B) carbon dioxide
C) methane
D) nitrous oxide
E) hydrofluorocarbons

Question 50

The global climate has already warmed about 0.6 degrees Celsius since the Industrial Revolution.

Question 51

What is involved in the process of denitrification?

A) conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonium
B) conversion of nitrogen gas to nitrate
C) conversion of ammonium to nitrate
D) conversion of nitrite to nitrate
E) conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas

Question 52

Once of the consequences of building roads,parking lots,and buildings is

A) increased evaporation from the ocean.
B) decreased precipitation over the oceans and the land.
C) increased transpiration of plants in the vicinity.
D) increased runoff into nearby streams, lakes, wetlands, or the ocean.
E) a decrease in the level of the water table.

Question 53

Biological magnification occurs as organisms get larger due to increased water,air,and soil pollution.

Question 54

Which of the following is associated with groundwater mining?

A) aquifers
B) standing water (lakes and ponds)
C) groundwater table
D) ocean
E) runoff

Question 55

Which of the following is not an effect of global warming?

A) rise in sea level
B) expansion of forests in the temperate zones
C) melting of glaciers
D) wetter coastal regions
E) flooding of coastal agricultural land

Question 56

How is carbon dioxide made available to living organisms?

A) by breathing
B) by cellular respiration
C) by photosynthesis
D) by combustion
E) by decay

Question 57

Phosphorus is needed by living organisms because it is a part of proteins.

Question 58

How is the nitrogen cycle like the carbon cycle?

A) Both are gaseous cycles.
B) Both require photosynthesis to utilize the chemical.
C) Both are lost to the atmosphere during cellular respiration.
D) Both are stored in fossil fuels.
E) Neither has a reservoir in nature.

Question 59

Water vapor contributes to global warming.

Question 60

What is the exchange pool for the carbon cycle?

A) the ocean
B) carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
C) plants
D) algae
E) soil