Deck 14: Senses

Question 1

Taste and smell are similar in that both respond to some sort of pressure.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: Taste and smell both involve chemoreceptors which respond to chemical stimuli.

Question 2

Cold receptors are free nerve endings while warmth receptors are Merkel disks.

Answer 2

False
Explanation: Both cold and warmth receptors are free nerve endings, but the two types have no known structural differences.

Question 3

Nociceptors are a type of chemoreceptor.

Answer 3

True
Explanation: Nociceptors (pain receptors) are a type of chemoreceptor that respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues.

Question 4

Which part of the brain is involved in sensory adaptation?

A) ventricles
B) cerebellum
C) medulla oblongata
D) pons
E) thalamus

Question 5

If the nerves between the eyes and the ears were switched,stimulation of the mechanoreceptors in the ear would result in

A) hearing sounds.
B) seeing lights.
C) both hearing sounds and seeing lights.

Question 6

Nociceptors are sensitive to mechanical,thermal,or electrical stimuli,or toxic substances.

Question 7

When you entered the room,there was a faint smell of smoke,but after about an hour,you no longer noticed the smell.What happened?

A) sensory reception
B) sensory adaptation
C) mechanoreception
D) nociception
E) thermoreception

Question 8

When blood pressure increases,what type of sensory receptor detects this?

A) an exteroceptor called a chemoreceptor
B) an exteroceptor called a osmoreceptor
C) an exteroceptor called a nociceptor
D) an interoceptor called a baroreceptor
E) an interoceptor called a chemoreceptor

Question 9

Which of the following cutaneous receptor is mismatched with its function?

A) Pacinian corpuscles, fine touch
B) Meissner corpuscles, fine touch
C) Krause end bulbs, fine touch
D) Ruffini endings, pressure
E) free nerve endings, temperature

Question 10

What type of exteroceptors are located in the ear?

A) mechanoreceptors
B) chemoreceptors
C) photoreceptors
D) thermoreceptors

Question 11

What type of receptor is involved in reflex actions that maintain muscle tone and,thereby,the body's equilibrium and posture?

A) proprioceptors
B) cutaneous receptors
C) pain receptors
D) chemoreceptors
E) nociceptors

Question 12

All sensory receptors initiate nerve signals.

Question 13

Where are thermoreceptors located?

A) aorta and vena cava
B) muscles, joints, and tendons
C) hypothalamus and skin
D) nasal cavity and tongue
E) semicircular canals of the ear

Question 14

Order the steps involved in the activity of a muscle spindle: 1.Muscle spindle is stretched.2.Reflex action occurs.3.Contraction of muscle fibers adjoining the muscle spindle.4.Nerve signals are generated.5.The muscle relaxes.6.The muscle's length increases.

A) 1,6,2,4,5,3
B) 2,3,1,4,5,6
C) 5,6,1,4,2,3
D) 2,1,6,3,4,5
E) 5,1,2,4,3,6

Question 15

Why does a heart attack radiate pain in the left shoulder and arm?

A) The left shoulder and arm are the first to lose their blood supply and begin to hurt.
B) Sometimes, stimulation of internal pain receptors is felt as pain from the skin.
C) The nerves that innervate the heart go through the left shoulder and arm before going to the spinal cord.
D) Damage to the heart muscle results in a flood of inflammatory products carried by the blood stream to the left shoulder and arm first.

Question 16

The summing up of nerve signals by _____________________ is called __________________.

A) the reticular activating system, perception
B) the cerebral cortex, sensation
C) sensory receptors, sensation
D) the cerebral cortex, perception
E) sensory receptors, integration

Question 17

Sensory receptors of the skin are very distinct--each one has its own function.

Question 18

Taste cells and the carotid bodies are alike in that both

A) are chemoreceptors.
B) are found in the mouth.
C) utilize pressure to activate sensory receptors.
D) respond to distant stimuli.
E) respond to changes in pH.

Question 19

Golgi tendon organs are a type of cutaneous receptor for touch.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a type of cutaneous receptor?

A) Merkel disks
B) Meissner corpuscles
C) Krause end bulbs
D) Pacinian corpuscles
E) Golgi tendon organs

Question 21

What is the correct order of cells within the retina starting in the posterior compartment and ending in the choroid?

A) rod and cone cell layer, bipolar cell layer, ganglion cell layer
B) sclera, rod and cone cell layer, ganglion cell layer
C) bipolar cell layer, rod and cone cell layer, sclera
D) ganglion cell layer, bipolar cell layer, rod and cone cell layer
E) ganglion cell layer, rod and cone cell layer, sclera

Question 22

There are many more olfactory cells than there are taste buds.

Question 23

Which layer of the eye contains an extensive blood supply?

A) sclera
B) choroid
C) retina

Question 24

Which of the following structures of the eye does not touch the lens?

A) cornea
B) suspensory ligaments
C) aqueous humor
D) vitreous humor

Question 25

In what way are the senses of taste and smell different?

A) Taste buds are modified neurons and olfactory cells contain a pore with supporting cells and elongated cells.
B) Taste buds contain cilia while olfactory cells contain microvilli.
C) Taste depends on a "weighted average" of all the taste messages while smell depends on the signature of olfactory cells stimulated.
D) There are 100s of different tastes while only 5 different smell families.
E) The sensation of taste occurs in the spinal cord while the sensation of smell occurs in the cerebral cortex.

Question 26

When the ciliary muscle is relaxed,the suspensory ligament is

A) taut and the lens is flattened.
B) relaxed and the lens is flattened.
C) taut and the lens is rounded.
D) relaxed and the lens is rounded.

Question 27

The rod and cone cells are located within which layer of the eye?

A) sclera
B) choroid
C) retina

Question 28

As you try to focus on a far away object,the lens of the eye becomes round and thick.

Question 29

Which of the following is not a layer or coat of the eye?

A) sclera
B) choroid
C) retina
D) aqueous humor

Question 30

Taste buds

A) are located on the tongue, hard palate, pharynx, and epiglottis.
B) are responsible for 100% of what we perceive as "taste."
C) respond to over 100 different types of taste.
D) are actually naked nerve endings.
E) have a direct connection with the limbic system and its centers for emotion and memory.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is not true concerning rod and cone cells?

A)Both have an outer segment jointed to an inner segment by a short stalk.
B)Both contain a deep purple pigment called rhodopsin.
C)Both have pigment molecules embedded in the membrane of the outer segment.
D)Both contain retinal,a derivative of vitamin A.
E)Both have synaptic vesicles at the synaptic endings of the inner segment.

Question 32

Memories are often elicited by smell.

Question 33

The receptor proteins for odor molecules are actually located on cilia.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is not true concerning olfactory cells?

A) Olfactory cells are located in the roof of the nasal cavity.
B) Olfactory cells are modified neurons.
C) Each olfactory cell has only one out of several hundred different types of receptor proteins.
D) Each olfactory cell has its own individual neuron leading to the olfactory bulb.
E) Olfactory cells end in a tuft of about five cilia.

Question 35

It is just a myth that eating carrots will improve your night vision.

Question 36

The type of taste called umami allows us to enjoy what type of flavor?

A) sweet
B) savory
C) sour
D) salty
E) bitter

Question 37

Papillae occur along the walls of the taste buds on the tongue.

Question 38

Nerve signals from taste buds go primarily to the __________ while those for olfactory cells go primarily to the ___________.

A) hypothalamus, thalamus
B) thalamus, hypothalamus
C) temporal lobe, parietal lobe
D) spinal cord, cerebral cortex
E) parietal lobe, temporal lobe

Question 39

What controls the shape of the lens?

A) ciliary muscle
B) cornea
C) iris
D) pupil
E) fovea centralis

Question 40

One third of the cerebral cortex takes part in processing visual information.

Question 41

If you get seasick,the rotational equilibrium pathway is confused.

Question 42

What structures,in order,are responsible for hearing,starting with a sound wave?

A) auditory canal, tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlea
B) cochlea, tympanic membrane, auditory canal, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window
C) tympanic membrane, incus, stapes, malleus, oval window, cochlea, auditory canal
D) auditory canal, oval window, stapes, incus, malleus, tympanic membrane, cochlea
E) tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, auditory canal, cochlea, oval window

Question 43

The louder a pitch,the more the basilar membrane vibrates.

Question 44

Which of the following is part of the middle ear?

A) pinna
B) auditory canal
C) malleus
D) cochlea
E) semicircular canals

Question 45

The receptors involved in our sense of equilibrium are

A) mechanoreceptors.
B) chemoreceptors.
C) nociceptors
D) thermoreceptors
E) pain receptors

Question 46

How can you tell the difference between a tuba and a flute?

A) Each part of the spiral organ is sensitive to different wave frequencies.
B) The brain interprets pitches based on the strength of the sound waves.
C) Lower pitches cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate while higher pitches vibrate the vestibular canal.
D) Lower pitches activate all three bones of the middle ear, while higher pitches only activate one or two.
E) The cochlear nerve fires more frequently for higher pitches and less frequently for lower pitches.

Question 47

Gravitational equilibrium is responsible for detecting up and down movements of the head.

Question 48

Which of the following is found within the cochlea?

A) stapes
B) spiral organ
C) tympanic membrane
D) semicircular canals
E) incus

Question 49

The brain receives input from the proprioceptors,the eyes,and the vestibular nerve to help maintain our equilibrium.

Question 50

Which of the following is involved in rotational equilibrium?

A) otoliths
B) saccule
C) utricle
D) ampulla
E) kinocilium

Question 51

Which of the following is not involved in gravitational equilibrium?

A) vestibular nerve
B) saccule
C) utricle
D) otoliths
E) cupula

Question 52

All of the parts of the inner ear are concerned with equilibrium.

Question 53

Hearing actually results from the bending of stereocilia.

Question 54

In farsightedness,

A) the cornea is uneven.
B) rays do not focus evenly.
C) rays focus in front of the retina.
D) the eyeball is shorter than normal.
E) a concave lens corrects vision.

Question 55

Which of the following is a genetic mutation that affects males more than females?

A) astigmatism
B) farsightedness
C) nearsightedness
D) red green color blindness

Question 56

If stereocilia move toward the kinocilium,which of the following occurs?

A) Nerve impulses increase in the vestibular nerve.
B) The cupula begins to move in the same direction.
C) Fluid within the semicircular canal flows over and displaces the cupula.
D) The otoliths in the utricle return to their resting position.
E) The data is sent to the medulla oblongata for processing.

Question 57

Many rod cells share one bipolar cell but cone cells do not.Certain cone cells synapse with only one ganglion cell.What are the consequences of this arrangement?

A) Rod cells distinguish color better than cone cells.
B) Cone cells are better up close, while rod cells are better far away.
C) Rod cells are better up close, while cone cells are better far away.
D) Rod cells distinguish more detail than cone cells.
E) Cone cells distinguish more detail than rod cells.

Question 58

Rotational and gravitational equilibrium both involve all of the following except

A) stereocilia.
B) hair cells.
C) calcium carbonate granules.
D) a gelatinous substance within a chamber.
E) the vestibular nerve.

Question 59

The utricle is especially sensitive to what type of movements?

A) back and forth
B) up and down
C) standing upside
D) spinning around

Question 60

Nearsighted people cannot see objects that are close.