Deck 28: Regulating Temperature, nutrients, and Body Fluids

Question 1

The enzyme that breaks down starch is

A)lipase.
B)lactase.
C)pepsin.
D)amylase.
E)bilE.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A nutrient is a substance that an organism uses for

A)growth.
B)metabolism.
C)maintenance.
D)repair of tissues.
E)All answers are correct.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Animals that eat a broad variety of foods,including plants and animals,are

A)carnivores.
B)herbivores.
C)detritivores.
D)omnivores.
E)insectivores.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The function of bile is to

A)digest proteins.
B)digest carbohydrates.
C)emulsify fats.
D)digest nucleotides.
E)emulsify proteins.

Question 5

Rhythmic smooth muscle contractions occurring along the human digestive system that propel food along the system are termed

A)countercurrent exchange.
B)phagocytosis.
C)peristalsis.
D)rumination.
E)sphincter contractions.

Question 6

Which of the following is not considered to be a primary organ in the human digestive system?

A)esophagus
B)mouth
C)liver
D)stomach
E)small intestine

Question 7

In sequence of their occurrence,the four major steps that vertebrate organisms use to obtain and use food are

A)ingestion,digestion,absorption,and elimination.
B)ingestion,absorption,digestion,and elimination.
C)absorption,ingestion,digestion,and elimination.
D)absorption,digestion,ingestion,and elimination.
E)digestion,absorption,ingestion,and elimination.

Question 8

Animals that hunt and eat essentially only other animals are

A)omnivores.
B)carnivores.
C)herbivores.
D)detritivores.
E)folivores.

Question 9

The main site of water and mineral absorption in the human digestive system is the

A)stomach.
B)esophagus.
C)small intestine.
D)large intestine.
E)rectum.

Question 10

The cecum is the largest in

A)protozoans.
B)omnivores.
C)carnivores.
D)herbivores.
E)detritivores.

Question 11

In animals,the pouch that forms the entrance to the large intestine is the

A)gastrovascular cavity.
B)rumen.
C)cecum.
D)anus.
E)appendix.

Question 12

Rings of muscle in the digestive tract that can open and close,regulating the movement of food into or out of parts of the digestive system,are

A)rumens.
B)sphincters.
C)chymes.
D)villi.
E)uvulas.

Question 13

Animals that consume decaying organic matter as their main source of food are

A)omnivores.
B)carnivores.
C)detritivores.
D)herbivores.
E)insectivores.

Question 14

The main site of food absorption in the human digestive system is the

A)stomach.
B)esophagus.
C)small intestine.
D)large intestine.
E)rectum.

Question 15

The only animals that rely solely on intracellular digestion are

A)earthworms.
B)sponges.
C)clams.
D)starfish.
E)jellyfish.

Question 16

The enzyme that breaks down protein is

A)lipase.
B)lactase.
C)pepsin.
D)amylase.
E)bilE.

Question 17

Animals that eat only plants are

A)omnivores.
B)herbivores.
C)carnivores.
D)detritivores.
E)insectivores.

Question 18

Which of the following produces bile?

A)gall bladder
B)liver
C)stomach
D)pancreas
E)appendix

Question 19

In herbivores,cellulose is primarily broken down

A)by powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivore's stomach glands.
B)by powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivore's salivary glands.
C)by helminthes living within the herbivore.
D)by bacteria living within the herbivore's gastrointestinal tract.
E)by powerful digestive enzymes produced by the herbivore's intestinal glands.

Question 20

The enzyme that breaks down fats is

A)pactase.
B)amylase.
C)pepsin.
D)lipase.
E)bilE.

Question 21

Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of niacin?

A)scurvy
B)pellagra
C)rickets
D)blindness
E)anemia

Question 22

The human large intestine is about _________________ in length.

A)1 m
B)1.5 m
C)10 m
D)20 m
E)2 cm

Question 23

The enzyme that breaks down the main sugar found in milk is

A)lipase.
B)amylase.
C)lactase.
D)pepsin.
E)bilE.

Question 24

When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten,their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi.Which of the following symptoms would a person with celiac disease have?

A)decreased peristalsis
B)increased pH in their intestines
C)increased digestive enzymes in their intestines
D)decreased absorption of nutrients
E)decreased bile in their intestines

Question 25

Tiny finger-like projections along the small intestine that are used to absorb nutrients are

A)ciliA.
B)flagella.
C)villi.
D)Pacinian corpuscles.
E)tentacles.

Question 26

In Western countries up to 10% of the population develops gastric ulcers,many due to Helicobacter pylori.One adaptation this bacteria has is to secrete urease which produces the base ammonia from urea.How would this contribute to Helicobacter pylori causing ulcers?

A)Ammonia could be used as a food source for bacteriA.
B)Ammonia would cause the ulcers.
C)Ammonia would prevent the immune system from killing the bacteria.
D)Ammonia would neutralize stomach acids allowing bacteria to grow.
E)Ammonia would kill the bacteria.

Question 27

Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D?

A)rickets
B)scurvy
C)blindness
D)pellagra
E)anemia

Question 28

Acid reflux would occur under which of the following conditions?

A)Stomach contents leak into the duodenum.
B)Contents of the esophagus leak into the duodenum.
C)Contents of the esophagus leak into the stomach.
D)Stomach contents leak into the esophagus.
E)Contents of the duodenum leak into the stomach.

Question 29

Bile acid sequestrants are drugs that bind to bile acids in the intestines and prevent their normal reabsorption in the large intestine.How would bile acid sequestrants lower a patient's blood cholesterol level?

A)Bile acids bind to cholesterol in the blood.
B)Bile acids prevent cholesterol from being absorbed from the diet.
C)More cholesterol would be converted into bile acids.
D)Bile acids can be converted into cholesterol.
E)Cholesterol requires bile acids to be soluble in the blood.

Question 30

A person suffering from lactose intolerance cannot break down the disaccharide lactose.Where would lactose be found in a person with lactose intolerance,but not in a lactose tolerant person?

A)in the mouth
B)in the stomach
C)in the large intestine
D)in the small intestine

Question 31

A primary source of vitamin C in our diets is

A)red meat.
B)beans.
C)citrus fruit.
D)fish.
E)nuts.

Question 32

The semisolid mass of food and gastric juice in the human stomach is termed

A)feces.
B)chyme.
C)glottis.
D)cuD.
E)mash.

Question 33

The muscular tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach is the

A)larynx.
B)trachea.
C)esophagus.
D)glottis.
E)bronchus.

Question 34

Beano is a product containing an enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates in beans and other vegetables,thereby reducing gas production when these foods are eaten.Why would humans need to take Beano to avoid gas?

A)If they don't break down the complex carbohydrates,bacteria in their colon will.
B)If they don't break down the complex carbohydrates,bacteria in their small intestine will.
C)Complex carbohydrates react with acid in the stomach to produce gas.
D)Complex carbohydrates react with saliva in the mouth to produce gas.
E)Complex carbohydrates cannot be broken down and cause constipation.

Question 35

Which of the following is caused by a vitamin C deficiency?

A)rickets
B)blindness
C)scurvy
D)pellagra
E)anemia

Question 36

Antacids would be effective in which part of the digestive system?

A)mouth
B)esophagus
C)small intestine
D)stomach
E)large intestine

Question 37

If a person eats large quantities of food and then intentionally vomits,constantly going through what are called binge and purge patterns,they most likely suffer from the eating disorder known as

A)anorexia nervosA.
B)morbid obesity.
C)copious intake.
D)hypoglycemia.
E)bulimia.

Question 38

Morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI (body mass index)of at least

A)ten to fifteen.
B)forty.
C)twenty.
D)twenty-five.
E)thirty.

Question 39

The structure that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing,thereby preventing food from entering the air passage,is the

A)epiglottis.
B)cecum.
C)rumen.
D)uvula.
E)soft palatE.

Question 40

The energy needed to raise one kilogram of water from 14.5 degrees centigrade to 15.5 degrees centigrade under controlled conditions is

A)one kilocalorie.
B)one calorie.
C)one joule.
D)one erg.
E)one gram.

Question 41

Most multivitamins should be taken with a meal for which reason?

A)to provide the energy needed to use the vitamins
B)to prevent the absorption of water-soluble vitamins
C)to help with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
D)to provide food for the vitamins to break down
E)to provide the energy needed to synthesize more vitamins

Question 42

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin which prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.Which of the following would be inhibited in the gut of a person with botulism?

A)blood circulation
B)lymphatic circulation
C)absorption of food
D)peristalsis
E)absorption of water

Question 43

Acid reflux or "heartburn" is caused when gastric juices move from the stomach back into the esophagus.

Question 44

Smelling food causes a hungry person to salivate.Which of the following begins to be digested in saliva?

A)proteins
B)fats
C)carbohydrates
D)nucleic acids

Question 45

The disease scurvy is primarily caused by a lack of ascorbic acid in the diet.

Question 46

The trace mineral iron is necessary in humans for the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin molecules.

Question 47

A person who is lactose intolerant may be able to eat dairy products such as yogurt because those products have already been fermented.

Question 48

Epithelial cells of the small intestine contains 500 microvilli.What is the purpose of these microvilli?

A)to increase surface area for food absorption
B)to beat and move food through the intestines
C)to contract and move food through the intestines
D)to release mucus that protects the intestines from infection
E)to release digestive enzymes

Question 49

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a person is starving because they refuse to eat enough to maintain a normal body weight.

Question 50

In herbivores,the cecum is small because the food they ingest is easily digested.

Question 51

Unlike humans,cows emit up to 200 L of methane (CH₄)each day through belching.Which of the following explains this difference?

A)Cows have a stomach.
B)Cows have an intestine.
C)Cows don't have a sphincter.
D)Cows don't have an esophagus.
E)Cows have a rumen.

Question 52

Soap is made by oxidizing fats.Bile acids are produced in the body by oxidizing cholesterol.Which of the following is a role of bile acids?

A)oxidation of fats
B)enzymatic digestion of proteins
C)emulsifying fats
D)neutralizing bases in the intestines
E)producing acid for the stomach

Question 53

The giant panda has a very restricted habitat because of the giant panda's diet of essentially only bamboo.

Question 54

A person suffering from lactose intolerance cannot break down the disaccharide lactose.Why would a person with lactose intolerance have abdominal cramps?

A)The intestines get more energy from the lactose and grow in size,increasing abdominal pressure.
B)The lactose is acidic,causing a peptic ulcer.
C)Lactose is taken up into the blood stream,increasing blood flow and abdominal pressure.
D)More water enters the stomach,increasing in abdominal pressure.
E)Bacteria break down the lactose,releasing carbon dioxide gas.

Question 55

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum.The bacteria release botulism toxin which prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.What advantage would the bacteria gain by secreting the toxin?

A)Avoid the immune system.
B)Prevent the body from excreting the bacteria.
C)Decrease removal of food from the gut.
D)Increase respiration.
E)Prevent other bacteria from growing in the gut.

Question 56

The lining of both the stomach and small intestine is protected from digestive enzymes by a mucus secretion.

Question 57

It is estimated that more than 30 million Americans have gallstones,80% of which are cholesterol stones.Which of the following could explain the presence of cholesterol in gallstones?

A)Cholesterol levels exceed the capacity of bile acids to digest them.
B)Cholesterol cannot be converted into bile acids.
C)Cholesterol dissolves well in water.
D)Cholesterol levels exceed the capacity of bile acids to solubilize them.
E)Cholesterol stops being produced by the liver.

Question 58

The solid waste that leaves the digestive tract of a vertebrate is called chyme.

Question 59

The human small intestine is shorter than the large intestine.

Question 60

If a person has their gall bladder removed,they are typically put on a low-fat diet.Which of the following would explain this recommendation?

A)Bile acids cannot be produced.
B)Bile acids cannot be removed from the intestines.
C)Bile acids cannot be released following a meal.
D)Lipase cannot be released following a meal.
E)Lipase cannot be produced.

Question 61

The tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the human body is the

A)uvulA.
B)renal vein.
C)nephron.
D)urethra.
E)ureter.

Question 62

The diffusion of water across a membrane that is permeable to water but not to ions and other charged solutes is

A)facilitated diffusion.
B)active transport.
C)simple diffusion.
D)osmosis.
E)phagocytosis.

Question 63

When the concentration of solute in the cell is higher than the environment,

A)water moves out of the cell by osmosis.
B)the cell will dehydrate.
C)water moves into the cell by facilitated diffusion.
D)water moves into the cell by osmosis.
E)water moves out of the cell by facilitated diffusion.

Question 64

An organism that alters its behavior to manage the gain of heat from or loss of heat to the environment is termed a(n)

A)homotherm.
B)endotherm.
C)positherm.
D)ectotherm.
E)thermophilE.

Question 65

In animals,which of the following helpa retain body heat?

A)blood only
B)fur and hair only
C)fur,fat,and feathers
D)blood and fat only
E)respiration only

Question 66

In humans,the muscular tube into which urine from the kidney first drains is the

A)urethrA.
B)uvula.
C)ureter.
D)urinary bladder.
E)nephron.

Question 67

The part of the brain that is primarily involved in regulating the body temperature of humans is the

A)cerebrum.
B)cerebellum.
C)hypothalamus.
D)pons.
E)medulla oblongata.

Question 68

A mammal

A)is ectothermic and has a body temperature that fluctuates as the animal derives its heat from the environment.
B)is endothermic and has a body temperature maintained by its own metabolism.
C)is endothermic and has a body temperature that fluctuates as the animal derives its heat from the environment.
D)is ectothermic and has a body temperature maintained by its own metabolism.

Question 69

An organism that manages its temperature by its own metabolism is termed a(n)

A)homotherm.
B)ectotherm.
C)endotherm.
D)positherm.
E)thermophilE.

Question 70

Cells often use ______________________ to move ions against their concentration gradient.

A)simple diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)active transport
D)osmosis
E)cilia

Question 71

The process used to control the level of water and ions in body fluids is termed

A)thermoregulation.
B)mechanoregulation.
C)chemoregulation.
D)hemoregulation.
E)osmoregulation.

Question 72

When the concentration of solutes in fluid is higher outside the cell than inside,

A)water moves into the cell by osmosis.
B)water moves into the cell by facilitated diffusion.
C)water moves out of the cell by facilitated diffusion.
D)water moves out of the cell by osmosis.
E)the cell will swell and possibly rupturE.

Question 73

The functional unit of a kidney is a

A)neuron.
B)ureter.
C)nephron.
D)collecting duct.
E)sphincter.

Question 74

The control of an organism's body temperature is

A)osmoregulation.
B)photoregulation.
C)chemoregulation.
D)thermoregulation.
E)diffusion.

Question 75

Mammals excrete nitrogen wastes in which of the following?

A)ammonia
B)urea
C)nucleotides
D)uric acid
E)allatonin

Question 76

Homeostasis is defined as

A)the ability of an organism to anchor itself to the rocks or soil of a body of water.
B)the ability of an organism to carry out chemical reactions.
C)the ability of an organism to sexually mature.
D)the ability of an organism to withstand extreme temperatures.
E)the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment.

Question 77

A reptile

A)is endothermic and has a body temperature that fluctuates as the animal derives its heat from the environment.
B)is ectothermic and has a body temperature maintained by its own metabolism.
C)is ectothermic and has a body temperature that fluctuates as the animal derives its heat from the environment.
D)is endothermic and has a body temperature maintained by its own metabolism.

Question 78

The major artery that delivers blood to the kidney is the

A)brachial artery.
B)radial artery.
C)hepatic artery.
D)renal artery.
E)carotid artery.

Question 79

The enzyme that begins the breakdown of starch is lipase.

Question 80

The major excretory organ of the human urinary system is the

A)gall bladder.
B)pancreas.
C)liver.
D)adrenal glanD.
E)kidney.