Deck 27: The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

Question 1

The major vein receiving blood draining from all areas above the diaphragm is the

A)femoral vein.
B)superior vena cava.
C)pulmonary vein.
D)inferior vena cava.
E)jugular vein.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The major vein returning blood to the heart from all areas below the diaphragm is the

A)femoral vein.
B)pulmonary vein.
C)inferior vena cava.
D)superior vena cava.
E)jugular vein.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The upper chambers of the mammalian heart are the

A)ventricles.
B)arteries.
C)vascular cavities.
D)atria.
E)sinuses.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A heartbeat begins in the

A)atrioventricular valve.
B)atrioventricular node.
C)sinoatrial node.
D)right ventricle.
E)left atrium.

Question 5

The simplest animals with a closed circulatory system are

A)birds.
B)amphibians.
C)annelids.
D)fishes.
E)reptiles.

Question 6

Vertebrates with a three-chambered heart include

A)fish.
B)amphibians.
C)birds.
D)mammals.
E)annelids.

Question 7

The large vessels that carry blood to the heart are

A)arteries.
B)veins.
C)capillaries.
D)lymph vessels.
E)sieve tubes.

Question 8

The large vessels of the circulatory system that carry blood away from the heart are

A)veins.
B)capillaries.
C)arteries.
D)lymph vessels.
E)sieve tubes.

Question 9

The chamber of the heart that is the most powerful is the

A)left atrium.
B)left ventricle.
C)right atrium.
D)right ventricle.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 10

Each day the human heart sends a volume of blood equal to about _____________ through the body.

A)50,000 liters
B)1,000 liters
C)7,000 liters
D)2,000 liters
E)5,000 liters

Question 11

The major vein that delivers blood from the lungs to the heart is the

A)femoral vein.
B)inferior vena cava.
C)superior vena cava.
D)pulmonary vein.
E)jugular vein.

Question 12

The largest artery in the body is the

A)coronary artery.
B)superior vena cava.
C)aorta.
D)pulmonary artery.
E)carotid artery.

Question 13

Vertebrates with a four-chambered heart include

A)fishes.
B)mollusks.
C)birds.
D)amphibians.
E)annelids.

Question 14

Which of the following is an artery that supplies blood to the heart muscle?

A)aorta
B)coronary artery
C)carotid artery
D)superior vena cava
E)inferior vena cava

Question 15

Blood

A)is a liquid connective tissue.
B)delivers food to the cells of the body.
C)delivers oxygen to the cells of the body.
D)helps remove wastes from the body.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 16

A heart murmur is caused by

A)a greater-than-normal force of contraction of the right atrium.
B)a constriction of the pulmonary artery.
C)blockage of the aorta.
D)the heart valves not functioning properly.
E)a greater-than-normal force of contraction of the left atrium.

Question 17

The small vessels from which water and dissolved substances diffuse between the blood and interstitial fluid are

A)arteries.
B)veins.
C)lymph vessels.
D)capillaries.
E)sieve tubes.

Question 18

The two largest veins of the body that deliver blood to the right atrium are the

A)pulmonary vein and inferior vena cavA.
B)superior vena cava and pulmonary vein.
C)aorta and inferior vena cava.
D)inferior vena cava and superior vena cava.
E)aorta and superior vena cava.

Question 19

Cardiac output may increase by

A)both a lower than normal stroke volume and greater than normal heart rate.
B)a lower than normal stroke volume only.
C)a lower than normal heart rate only.
D)a greater than normal stroke volume only.
E)both a greater than normal stroke volume and heart ratE.

Question 20

Vertebrates with a two-chambered heart include

A)mollusks.
B)reptiles.
C)birds.
D)fishes.
E)mammals.

Question 21

Diastolic pressure reflects

A)the contraction of the atriA.
B)the contraction of the ventricles.
C)the relaxation of the ventricles.
D)the relaxation of the atria.
E)the heart ratE.

Question 22

The middle layer of the wall of an artery or vein,allowing it to withstand and modify blood pressure,is

A)connective tissue.
B)skeletal muscle.
C)smooth muscle.
D)endothelium.
E)simple squamous epithelial cells.

Question 23

The protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen is

A)myoglobin.
B)actin.
C)fibrinogen.
D)hemoglobin.
E)myosin.

Question 24

The cellular components of blood that destroy foreign substances are

A)red blood cells.
B)cartilage cells.
C)platelets.
D)leukocytes.
E)bone cells.

Question 25

Systolic pressure reflects the force caused by

A)the contraction of the atriA.
B)the relaxation of the atria.
C)the relaxation of the ventricles.
D)the contraction of the ventricles.
E)the heart ratE.

Question 26

The major artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart is the

A)pulmonary artery.
B)aorta.
C)carotid artery.
D)renal artery.
E)brachial artery.

Question 27

A clumping reaction caused by antibodies in the blood plasma is

A)clotting.
B)agglutination.
C)constriction.
D)atherosclerosis.
E)inflammation.

Question 28

At the capillaries,___________ leaves red blood cells and _____________ enters the circulation.

A)nitrogen;oxygen
B)carbon dioxide;oxygen
C)carbon dioxide;nitrogen
D)oxygen;carbon dioxide
E)sodium;oxygen

Question 29

The widening of blood vessels is

A)vasoconstriction.
B)cardioconstriction.
C)vasodilation.
D)cardiodilation.

Question 30

Blood pressure is

A)the force that interstitial fluid exerts on the walls of the arteries.
B)the force that blood exerts on the walls of the ventricles of the heart.
C)the force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries.
D)the force that interstitial fluid exerts on the walls of the veins.
E)the force that blood exerts on the walls of the veins.

Question 31

The instrument that measures blood pressure is the

A)barometer.
B)stethoscope.
C)electrocardiogram.
D)sphygmomanometer.
E)hygrometer.

Question 32

The cellular components of blood that transport oxygen are

A)leukocytes.
B)red blood cells.
C)platelets.
D)cartilage cells.
E)bone cells.

Question 33

The force that blood exerts on artery walls is termed

A)venous pressure.
B)gravitational pressure.
C)blood pressure.
D)osmotic pressure.
E)pulmonary pressurE.

Question 34

Birds and mammals are endotherms,meaning they spend enormous amounts of energy maintaining a constant body temperature.To meet these energy needs,birds and mammals independently evolved four-chambered hearts,completing the separation of oxygen-rich from oxygen-depleted blood.How would this maximize the amount of oxygen reaching tissues?

A)Diffusion of oxygen from oxygenated blood into tissues would be increased.
B)Diffusion of oxygen from oxygenated blood into tissues would be decreased.
C)Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the blood.
D)Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the tissues.
E)Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the lungs.

Question 35

Which of the following arteries does not carry oxygenated blood?

A)pulmonary artery
B)femoral artery
C)renal artery
D)aorta
E)carotid artery

Question 36

The cellular fragments that help in initiating blood clotting are

A)leukocytes.
B)red blood cells.
C)platelets.
D)cartilage cells.
E)bone cells.

Question 37

Which of the following veins does not deliver deoxygenated blood to the heart?

A)femoral vein
B)jugular vein
C)superior vena cava
D)inferior vena cava
E)pulmonary vein

Question 38

The liquid matrix of blood is

A)interstitial fluid.
B)water.
C)cytosol.
D)plasma.
E)lymph.

Question 39

The narrowing of blood vessels is

A)vasoconstriction.
B)cardioconstriction.
C)vasodilation.
D)cardiodilation.

Question 40

The capillary wall consists only of

A)a single layer of epithelial cells covered by connective tissue.
B)connective tissue.
C)cardiac muscle.
D)smooth muscle.
E)a single layer of epithelial cells covered by smooth musclE.

Question 41

Which of the following would you expect to observe in a person with atherosclerosis?

A)increased blood pressure
B)decreased heart rate
C)increased depolarization of the atria
D)decreased depolarization of the ventricles
E)increased blood flow through the coronary arteries

Question 42

A dual-chamber pacemaker is surgically placed in a patient's chest.Wires then carry pulses to the right atrium and the right ventricle.How would the pulses be directed from the pacemaker to the heart?

A)Only the ventricle would be stimulated.
B)The ventricle would be stimulated first and then the atrium.
C)Both the atrium and ventricle would be stimulated simultaneously.
D)Only the atrium would be stimulateD.
E)The atrium would be stimulated first and then the ventriclE.

Question 43

If blood pressure is too low,the brain __________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to _________.

A)increases;dilate
B)decreases;dilate
C)increases;constrict
D)decreases;constrict
E)increases;rupture

Question 44

In the section "Investigating Life: In (Extremely)Cold Blood",ice fish would have which of the following circulatory systems?

A)closed with a two-chambered heart
B)open
C)closed with a single-chambered heart
D)closed with a three-chambered heart
E)closed with a four-chambered heart

Question 45

Which is the correct order for the time required to replace each blood component from shortest to longest?

A)plasma,red blood cell,platelet
B)platelet,red blood cell,plasma
C)red blood cell,platelet,plasma
D)plasma,platelet,red blood cell
E)red blood cell,plasma,platelet

Question 46

Which drugs would be prescribed to a person who has high blood pressure?

A)aspirin
B)a beta-blocker
C)a beta-blocker and a diuretic
D)a diuretic
E)aspirin and a diuretic

Question 47

Why could you donate plasma twice a week?

A)Plasma contains only proteins and fluid which can be replaced quickly.
B)Plasma contains platelets which can be replaced quickly.
C)Plasma contains red blood cells which can be replaced quickly.
D)Plasma contains only water and can be rapidly replaceD.
E)Plasma is regenerated from the blood cells injected back into the donor.

Question 48

Why would this chamber become enlarged in a person with atherosclerosis?

A)It pumps blood through narrowed arteries to the brain.
B)It pumps blood through narrowed arteries throughout the body.
C)It pumps blood through narrowed arteries to the lungs.
D)It pumps blood through narrowed coronary arteries.
E)It pumps blood through narrowed valves into the ventricles.

Question 49

Why would exercise help your blood circulation in your legs?

A)As muscles contract they squeeze blood through the veins and increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs.
B)Increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs only.
C)As muscles contract they squeeze blood through the veins only.
D)Exercise increases the amount of red blood cells only.
E)Exercise increases the amount of red blood cells and increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs.

Question 50

When taking a person's blood pressure,after proper inflation of the cuff,the first pulse sound that is heard through the stethoscope indicates that blood is flowing through the artery past the cuff.The reading on the pressure gauge at this point indicates

A)that the heart is once again beating.
B)the force of contraction of the atria.
C)diastolic pressure.
D)venous pressure.
E)systolic pressurE.

Question 51

Which chamber of the heart becomes enlarged in a person with atherosclerosis?

A)left atrium
B)right ventricle
C)left ventricle
D)right atrium
E)SA node

Question 52

If blood pressure is too high,the brain _________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to _________.

A)increases;dilate
B)increases;constrict
C)decreases;constrict
D)decreases;dilate
E)increases;rupture

Question 53

In a coronary bypass,which of the following is being bypassed?

A)coronary veins
B)inferior vena cava
C)coronary arteries
D)superior vena cava
E)aorta

Question 54

A defibrillator contains two paddles that are placed on a person's chest and through which an electrical shock is administered.What is this procedure treating?

A)aneurysm
B)heart attack due to atherosclerosis
C)anemia
D)tachycardia
E)arrhythmia

Question 55

A dual-chamber pacemaker is surgically placed in a patient's chest.Wires then carry pulses to the right atrium and the right ventricle.Why would the pulses be carried to the right chambers of the heart and not the left chambers?

A)The left chambers are reduced or absent in many subadults.
B)The right chambers of the heart are weaker and need more stimulation.
C)Only the right chambers of the heart need to contract to move blood to the lungs.
D)It is easier to run the wires from the pacemaker through the vena cava.
E)Once the right chambers are activated the pulse will be carried to the left chambers.

Question 56

Which drugs would be prescribed to a person who is at risk of forming a blood clot?

A)a beta-blocker
B)aspirin
C)a diuretic
D)a beta-blocker and a diuretic
E)aspirin and a diuretic

Question 57

When taking a person's blood pressure,after proper inflation of the cuff and after hearing appropriate pulse sound through the stethoscope,the reading on the pressure gauge at the disappearance of this sound indicates

A)that the heart is once again beating.
B)the force of contraction of the atria.
C)venous pressure.
D)diastolic pressure.
E)systolic pressurE.

Question 58

A valve replacement would prevent which of the following?

A)flow of blood from the right atrium to right ventricle
B)flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta
C)flow of blood from the inferior vena cava to the right atrium
D)flow of blood from the right ventricle to right atrium
E)flow of blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

Question 59

In the section "Investigating Life: In (Extremely)Cold Blood",how do ice fish transport oxygen in their blood?

A)in red blood cells
B)in white blood cells
C)in platelets
D)in plasma
E)on hemoglobin

Question 60

A whole blood cell transfusion would be used to treat which of the following?

A)arrhythmia
B)aneurysm
C)anemia
D)heart attack due to atherosclerosis
E)tachycardia

Question 61

The atrioventricular node sets the tempo of the heart beat.

Question 62

A typical blood pressure reading for a young adult is 80/120.

Question 63

In the section "Investigating Life: In (Extremely)Cold Blood",among the ice fishes,Neopagetopsis ionah had white blood but intact alpha and beta globin genes.Why was their blood still white?

A)The fish could produce hemoglobin,but not red blood cells.
B)The alpha and beta genes were both fragmented.
C)The alpha and beta genes were both deleted.
D)The genes were mutated in a way that leaves the fish unable to produce hemoglobin.
E)The fish could produce hemoglobin,but it did not contain an iron atom.

Question 64

In the section "Investigating Life: In (Extremely)Cold Blood",why would ice fish lose their alpha and beta globin genes through mutation?

A)If hemoglobin was not necessary there was no selective pressure to keep mutations from accumulating.
B)The fish wanted to stop producing red blood cells,so they mutated the globin genes.
C)Fish with red blood cells were more visible to predators and were eaten.
D)Mistakes in DNA replication are more likely to occur at colder temperatures.
E)Fish living in the cold cannot obtain enough iron to make hemoglobin.

Question 65

Capillary beds are networks of capillaries that connect arterioles and venules.

Question 66

In the section "Investigating Life: In (Extremely)Cold Blood",what mutations occurred in ice fish that prevent production of hemoglobin?

A)fragmentation of both the alpha and beta genes
B)deletion of the alpha gene and fragmentation of the beta gene
C)deletion of both the alpha and beta genes
D)fragmentation of the alpha gene and deletion of the beta gene
E)destruction of red blood cells in the bone marrow

Question 67

The human circulatory system transports blood in a one-directional circuit throughout the body.

Question 68

If a person has type O blood they have neither the A nor B markers on their red blood cells.

Question 69

The pulmonary vein transports deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Question 70

An increase in the number of red blood cells is called anemia.

Question 71

In the section "Investigating Life: In (Extremely)Cold Blood",how does oxygen get into tissues of an ice fish?

A)by active transport
B)by facilitated diffusion
C)by diffusion
D)by osmosis
E)by binding to hemoglobin receptors

Question 72

In the section "Investigating Life: In (Extremely)Cold Blood",where would fish have the highest concentration of oxygen in their blood?

A)as it left their systemic circulation
B)as it left their heart
C)as it entered their heart
D)as it left their lungs
E)as it left their gills

Question 73

The sinoatrial node sets the tempo of the heart beat.

Question 74

If a person has type O blood they have both the A and B markers on their red blood cells.

Question 75

Blood pressure that is significantly lower than normal is referred to as hypertension.

Question 76

A decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is called anemia.

Question 77

In the section "Investigating Life: In (Extremely)Cold Blood",which of the following is the best explanation of the globin gene cluster observed in Neopagetopsis ionah?

A)N.ionah is not an ice fish.
B)Identical mutations occurred in the alpha and beta globin genes four separate times since ice fishes diverged from red-blooded fishes.
C)N.ionah's mutations in the alpha and beta genes happened since their common ancestry with other ice fishes.
D)The mutations in the alpha and beta globin genes do not explain why ice fish have white blooD.
E)The ancestor to ice fishes and red-blooded fishes did not have alpha and beta globin genes,and these arose in the red-blooded fishes after the two groups diverged.

Question 78

The renal artery delivers blood to the pancreas.

Question 79

In a closed circulatory system,the heart pumps fluid through open-ended vessels into spaces where the fluid bathes the body's cells.

Question 80

The device that is used to measure a person's blood pressure is a sphygmomanometer.