Deck 24: Nervous System and the Senses

Question 1

The division of the nervous system that integrates sensory information and coordinates the body's response is the

A)peripheral nervous system.
B)central nervous system.
C)somatic nervous system.
D)autonomic nervous system.
E)sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A nerve impulse travels about __________ times faster when it leaps between gaps in the myelin sheath than when it travels along an unmyelinated axon.

A)5
B)10
C)20
D)100
E)50

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The type of neuron that brings information toward the central nervous system is the

A)synaptic neuron.
B)interneuron.
C)motor neuron.
D)sensory neuron.
E)neuroglia.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The rounded part of a neuron containing the nucleus and mitochondria is the

A)myelin sheath.
B)axon.
C)synapse.
D)dendrite.
E)cell body.

Question 5

In a neuron at rest

A)active transport is not occurring.
B)sodium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside.
C)very little metabolism is taking place.
D)the inside of a neuron is positively charged as compared to the outside.
E)potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outsidE.

Question 6

The part of the neuron that is usually highly branched and receives input from other neurons is the

A)dendrite.
B)axon.
C)synapse.
D)cell body.
E)myelin sheath.

Question 7

A motor neuron's __________ and ___________ reside in the central nervous system,but its ____________ extend(s)into the peripheral nervous system.

A)cell body,dendrites,axon
B)dendrites,cell body,axon
C)dendrites,axon,cell body
D)axon,cell body,dendrites
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 8

In myelinated axons

A)potassium ions can diffuse into the axon only at gaps in the myelin.
B)sodium ions can diffuse into the axon only at gaps in the myelin.
C)sodium ions can diffuse out of the axon only at gaps in the myelin.
D)All answers are correct.

Question 9

The type of neuron that conducts its message from the central nervous system toward an effector is the

A)synaptic neuron.
B)interneuron.
C)motor neuron.
D)sensory neuron.
E)neuroglia.

Question 10

A chemical that travels from a sending neuron to a receiving neuron is called a(n)

A)synaptic cleft.
B)action potential.
C)hormone.
D)neurotransmitter.
E)neurotoxin.

Question 11

The type of neuron that connects one neuron to another within the central nervous system is the

A)synaptic neuron.
B)interneuron.
C)sensory neuron.
D)motor neuron.
E)neuroglia.

Question 12

The condition that develops when GABA levels in the brain are deficient is

A)epilepsy.
B)insomnia.
C)Huntington disease.
D)Alzheimer disease.
E)Parkinson diseasE.

Question 13

The junctions between one neuron and another neuron are called

A)axons.
B)dendrites.
C)synapses.
D)cell bodies.
E)myelin sheaths.

Question 14

The three major roles of the human nervous system are

A)sensory integration,glandular response,and motor response.
B)seeing,feeling,and hearing.
C)sensory input,sensory integration,and motor response.
D)smooth muscle response,cardiac muscle response,and skeletal muscle response.

Question 15

The part of the neuron that is usually a single long extension that conducts an impulse to a muscle or another neuron is the

A)synapse.
B)cell body.
C)axon.
D)dendrite.
E)myelin sheath.

Question 16

The condition that develops when serotonin levels in the brain are deficient is

A)insomniA.
B)epilepsy.
C)Alzheimer disease.
D)Parkinson disease.
E)Huntington diseasE.

Question 17

Usually nerve impulses travel from one neuron to another by

A)neurotransmitters.
B)action potentials.
C)resting potentials.
D)threshold potentials.
E)myelin sheath.

Question 18

Usually the ________________ conducts nerve impulses from the cell body to a muscle,gland,or another neuron.

A)dendrite
B)axon
C)myelin sheath
D)cell body
E)hemisphere

Question 19

The three types of neurons in the nervous system of humans are

A)interneurons,synaptic neurons,and neurogliA.
B)synaptic neurons,motor neurons,and neuroglia.
C)sensory neurons,interneurons,and motor neurons.
D)interneurons,sensory neurons,and neuroglia.
E)synaptic neurons,motor neurons,and sensory neurons.

Question 20

An atom or molecule with an electrical charge is

A)an isomer.
B)an isotope.
C)an ion.
D)a neurotransmitter.
E)an acid.

Question 21

The part of the brain that is responsible for homeostatic control of vital organs is the

A)cerebellum.
B)hypothalamus.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)pons.
E)cerebrum.

Question 22

The part of the central nervous system that conducts information to and from the brain is the

A)motor neuron.
B)spinal cord.
C)sensory neuron.
D)brainstem.
E)medulla oblongata.

Question 23

A neuron recharges when

A)Na⁺ ions are actively pumped against their concentration gradient.
B)Na⁺ ions spontaneously move down their concentration gradient.
C)Na⁺ ions spontaneously move against their concentration gradient.
D)Na⁺ ions are actively pumped down their concentration gradient.

Question 24

Toxins released by black widow spider venom cause an explosive release of acetylcholine from neurons.These toxins cause paralysis by

A)inhibiting synthesis of acetylcholine.
B)triggering increased endocytosis of vesicles containing acetylcholine.
C)triggering increased synthesis of acetylcholine.
D)inhibiting exocytosis of vesicles containing acetylcholine.
E)blocking diffusion of acetylcholine out through channel proteins.

Question 25

The nervous tissue of the central nervous system that consists of neuron cell bodies and synapses is the

A)white matter.
B)white reflex.
C)grey matter.
D)grey reflex.
E)red matter.

Question 26

The condition that develops when dopamine levels in the brain are deficient is

A)epilepsy.
B)insomnia.
C)Alzheimer disease.
D)Huntington disease.
E)Parkinson diseasE.

Question 27

The part of the brain that coordinates muscular movements is the

A)cerebellum.
B)hypothalamus.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)pons.
E)cerebrum.

Question 28

The layered membranes that jacket the central nervous system are the

A)grey matter.
B)meninges.
C)white matter.
D)epidermis.
E)myelin sheaths.

Question 29

What effect would Reminyl have on a neuron's ability to release neurotransmitters?

A)It would decrease.
B)It would stay the same.
C)It would increase.

Question 30

The part of the brain that controls the qualities of what we consider the "mind" is the

A)cerebellum.
B)hypothalamus.
C)cerebrum.
D)medulla oblongata.
E)pons.

Question 31

The condition that develops when there is excess GABA leading to excess dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain is

A)insomniA.
B)epilepsy.
C)Alzheimer disease.
D)Parkinson disease.
E)Huntington diseasE.

Question 32

The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries signals to voluntary muscles is the

A)somatic system.
B)autonomic system.
C)sympathetic system.
D)parasympathetic system.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 33

Which of the following best describes how a neuron fires?

A)Na⁺ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon.
B)Vesicles carry neurotransmitters from the nucleus to the other end of the neuron.
C)Na⁺ ions enter one end of the neuron and diffuse to the other end down the axon.
D)Neurotransmitters enter one end of the neuron and diffuse to the other end down the axon.
E)Neurotransmitters cross the plasma membrane creating a wave that travels down the axon.

Question 34

Why would this lead to paralysis and death?

A)Neurons run out of energy.
B)Neurons swell because of increased osmosis.
C)Neurons can't recharge.
D)Neurons can't fire without a voltage change.
E)Neurons cannot release neurotransmitters.

Question 35

A neuron fires when

A)Na⁺ ions move against their concentration gradient spontaneously.
B)Na⁺ ions are actively pumped down their concentration gradient.
C)Na⁺ ions move down their concentration gradient spontaneously.
D)Na⁺ ions are actively pumped against their concentration gradient.

Question 36

Acetylcholine is which of the following?

A)an enzyme
B)a neurotransmitter
C)a voltage gated ion channel
D)a receptor
E)a source of fuel for neurons

Question 37

The condition that develops when acetylcholine levels in the brain are deficient is

A)epilepsy.
B)insomnia.
C)Parkinson disease.
D)Huntington disease.
E)Alzheimer diseasE.

Question 38

The nervous tissue that consists of myelinated axons transmitting information throughout the central nervous system is the

A)white reflex.
B)grey matter.
C)red reflex.
D)red matter.
E)white matter.

Question 39

The part of the brain that regulates essential functions such as breathing,blood pressure,and heart rate is the

A)cerebellum.
B)hypothalamus.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)pons.
E)cerebrum.

Question 40

What does the puffer fish neurotoxin tetrodotoxin directly inhibit?

A)proteins involved in active transport
B)channel proteins involved in osmosis
C)proteins involved in ATP synthesis
D)channel proteins involved in diffusion
E)relaxation of muscles

Question 41

A typical neuron consists of a cell body,dendrites,and an axon.

Question 42

Drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)block reuptake of serotonin and are used to treat depression.Which of the following would occur in a patient given a SSRI?

A)Serotonin levels would decrease in the synapse.
B)Serotonin levels would increase in the synapse.
C)More serotonin would be released by the neuron.
D)Less serotonin would be released by the neuron.

Question 43

Unmyelinated regions between adjacent myelin sheath cells are called synaptic clefts.

Question 44

Toxins produced by scorpions cause sodium ion channels to become stuck open.These toxins cause pain by

A)depolarizing motor neurons.
B)polarizing sensory neurons.
C)polarizing motor neurons.
D)polarizing interneurons.
E)depolarizing sensory neurons.

Question 45

The dendrite,also called the nerve fiber,is typically a single long extension of the cell body.

Question 46

If a person has a stroke and their speech becomes impaired,which region of the brain was likely to be affected?

A)parietal lobe
B)frontal lobe
C)occipital lobe
D)temporal lobe
E)brainstem

Question 47

In the section "Investigating Life: The Nerve of Those Clams!",the toxins responsible for most shellfish poisonings are water-soluble,heat and acid-stable,and ordinary cooking methods do not eliminate the toxins.Would you predict saxitoxin to affect myelinated and non-myelinated neurons equally?

A)Yes,because all neurons have Na⁺ transporters.
B)No,because saxitoxin will not be able to diffuse through the myelin.
C)Yes,because saxitoxin works at the synapses of neurons,and thus would be able to access both types of neurons equally.
D)No,because myelinated neurons have a smaller Na⁺ gradient,and thus will be more resistant.

Question 48

Toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum (botulism toxin)block the release of acetylcholine from neurons.These toxins work by

A)inhibiting synthesis of acetylcholine.
B)triggering increased synthesis of acetylcholine.
C)triggering increased exocytosis of vesicles containing acetylcholine.
D)inhibiting exocytosis of vesicles containing acetylcholine.
E)blocking diffusion of acetylcholine out through channel proteins.

Question 49

Only motor neurons reside entirely within the central nervous system.

Question 50

Dopamine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter released into neuromuscular synapses.Patients with Parkinson disease have decreased dopamine.Which symptoms would be expected in a patient with Parkinson disease?

A)hyperactive voluntary movements
B)slowed senses
C)slowed voluntary movements
D)decreased mental ability and memory loss
E)excessive sleeping

Question 51

In the section "Investigating Life: The Nerve of Those Clams!",which of the following support the hypothesis that Na⁺ transport is affected by saxitoxin?

A)Human cells are resistant to saxitoxin while clam cells are sensitive to saxitoxin.
B)Clam cells altered with the mutated form of the Na⁺ transporter were more resistant to saxitoxin.
C)Removing Na⁺ from the clams makes them resistant to saxitoxin.
D)Human cells are sensitive to saxitoxin while clam cells are resistant to saxitoxin.
E)Na⁺ ion concentration did not affect uptake of saxitoxin by clam cells.

Question 52

In the section "Investigating Life: The Nerve of Those Clams!",which of the following would occur in sensitive clam cells that have been exposed to the toxin?

A)Na⁺ ions would no longer be able to leave a neuron by facilitated diffusion.
B)Na⁺ ions would no longer be able to leave a neuron by active transport.
C)Na⁺ ions would no longer be able to enter a neuron by active transport.
D)Na⁺ ions would no longer be able to enter a neuron by facilitated diffusion.

Question 53

Dopamine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter released into neuromuscular synapses.Patients with schizophrenia have increased dopamine.Which symptoms would be expected in a patient with schizophrenia?

A)slowed voluntary movements
B)slowed senses
C)hyperactive voluntary movements
D)decreased mental ability and memory loss
E)excessive sleeping

Question 54

In the section "Investigating Life: The Nerve of Those Clams!",which of the following was the dependent variable?

A)the concentration of toxin fed to the clams
B)the rate of Na⁺ flow across the membrane of the clam neuron
C)the ability of clams to burrow
D)the location from which the clams were isolated
E)the species of algae fed to the clams

Question 55

If a person with a brain tumor develops impaired vision,which region of the brain was likely to be affected?

A)frontal lobe
B)parietal lobe
C)temporal lobe
D)occipital lobe
E)brainstem

Question 56

Neurons that connect one neuron to another within the central nervous system are the interneurons.

Question 57

In the section "Investigating Life: The Nerve of Those Clams!",which of the following neurons would you predict to be sensitive to saxitoxin?

A)All neurons would be sensitive.
B)sensory neurons
C)interneurons
D)motor neurons

Question 58

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which a person raises antibodies against myelin.How would this affect the nervous system?

A)Nerve impulses would travel faster.
B)Nerves would fire continuously.
C)Nerves would be unable to fire.
D)Nerve impulses would travel more slowly.
E)Nerves cannot release neurotransmitters to pass the signal to muscles.

Question 59

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,or Lou Gehrig disease,causes muscle weakness and atrophy due to a decrease in stimulation by which types of neurons?

A)motor neurons
B)sensory neurons
C)interneurons
D)motor and sensory neurons
E)sensory and interneurons

Question 60

In the section "Investigating Life: The Nerve of Those Clams!",how would exposure to saxitoxin from algae cause genetic changes in clams?

A)Saxitoxin would cause mutations to occur in the clam's DNA.
B)Saxitoxin would increase the mutation rates in clams.
C)Saxitoxin would select existing mutations in the clam population.
D)Clams sensitive to saxitoxin would migrate away from the algae bloom.
E)Clams would want to change their Na⁺ transporters to become resistant to saxitoxin.

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT one of the special senses?

A)smell
B)vision
C)taste
D)touch
E)hearing

Question 62

Which of the following is not one of the general senses?

A)touch
B)temperature
C)pain
D)vision
E)position

Question 63

Receptors for the general senses are

A)limited to the head.
B)limited to the legs.
C)found only in the brain and spinal cord.
D)found throughout the body.
E)found only on the surface of the body.

Question 64

In humans,which of the following is used primarily to detect touch and vibration?

A)photoreceptors
B)thermoreceptors
C)mechanoreceptors
D)pain receptors
E)chemoreceptors

Question 65

Which of the following senses would utilize chemoreceptors?

A)vision
B)taste
C)pain
D)touch

Question 66

Neurotransmitters released from a "sending" cell must travel across a tiny space called a synaptic cleft.

Question 67

Volatile chemical substances that elicit specific responses in other members of the same species are referred to as

A)hormones.
B)pheromones.
C)neuroglia.
D)meninges.
E)cochleas.

Question 68

The size of the opening for light coming into the eye is regulated by

A)corneA.
B)pupil.
C)iris.
D)cone.
E)lens.

Question 69

If a neuron is at rest,the concentration of potassium ions is greatest outside the cell and the concentration of sodium ions is greatest inside the cell.

Question 70

A neural impulse usually begins at the gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon.

Question 71

Molecules produced by humans that influence mood and the perception of pain are opiates.

Question 72

In humans,which of the following type of receptor is primarily used to detect airborne or dissolved molecules?

A)photoreceptor
B)chemoreceptor
C)thermoreceptor
D)pain receptor
E)mechanoreceptor

Question 73

The reason that we can tell light from sound is because different neurons transmit these different stimuli.

Question 74

In humans,which of the following is used primarily to detect heat?

A)photoreceptor
B)pain receptor
C)thermoreceptor
D)mechanoreceptor
E)chemoreceptor

Question 75

Which of the following senses would not utilize mechanoreceptors?

A)hearing
B)touch
C)taste
D)equilibrium

Question 76

During an action potential,sodium ions enter into the cell.

Question 77

Receptors for the special senses are limited to the

A)head.
B)tongue.
C)ears.
D)feet.
E)abdomen.

Question 78

In humans,which of the following is used primarily to detect sharp blows and excessive heat?

A)mechanoreceptor
B)chemoreceptor
C)photoreceptor
D)thermoreceptor
E)pain receptor

Question 79

In humans,which of the following type of receptor is used primarily to detect light?

A)photoreceptor
B)pain receptor
C)chemoreceptor
D)mechanoreceptor
E)thermoreceptor

Question 80

A phenomenon in which sensations become less noticeable with prolonged exposure is called

A)gradient adaptation.
B)an action potential.
C)a graded potential.
D)radiating adaptation.
E)sensory adaptation.