Deck 21: Plant Form and Function

Question 1

Which of the following is not a function of the root of a plant?

A)Anchor the plant.
B)Produce energy that the plant can use to carry out metabolism.
C)Absorb water.
D)Absorb mineral nutrients for the plant.
E)Form beneficial relationships with microorganisms,thereby increasing the plant's ability to obtain nutrients.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The ________________ transport(s)dissolved organic compounds such as sugars from the leaves throughout the plant.

A)phloem
B)guard cells
C)xylem
D)epidermis
E)stomata

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The patch of actively dividing cells that is found near the tip of roots and shoots of plants is/are the

A)apical meristem only.
B)lateral meristem only.
C)apical and lateral meristems.
D)tracheiD.
E)vascular bundlE.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is not a function of a stem of a plant?

A)storage of starch
B)support
C)storage of water
D)production of pollen
E)protection from predators

Question 5

The type of plant cell that provides support without interfering with growth and is familiar as the "strings in celery" is a

A)sieve tube cell.
B)collenchyma cell.
C)parenchyma cell.
D)sclerenchyma cell.
E)guard cell.

Question 6

The type of plant cell that provides rigid support and is dead at maturity is a

A)sclerenchyma cell.
B)sieve tube cell.
C)parenchyma cell.
D)collenchyma cell.
E)guard cell.

Question 7

The primary root of a plant that enlarges and persists throughout the life of the plant is the

A)fibrous root.
B)companion root.
C)rhizome.
D)stoma.
E)taproot.

Question 8

Swollen regions of underground stems that store starch are

A)stomatA.
B)tubers.
C)always parasitiC.
D)rhizomes.
E)tendrils.

Question 9

The source of a plant's new cells is a type of plant tissue called its

A)tracheid.
B)meristem.
C)guard cell.
D)cortex.
E)mesophyll.

Question 10

Internodes of plants are

A)located on the stems.
B)located on the roots.
C)dormant periods of time between rapid growth stages.
D)periods of time between releasing of pollen.
E)located on the male flower parts.

Question 11

The part of a plant that is the stalk-like support for a leaf is the

A)node.
B)petiole.
C)internode.
D)blade.
E)companion cell.

Question 12

The main vegetative parts of plants include

A)roots,flowers,and stems.
B)fruits,flowers,and leaves.
C)roots,stems,and leaves.
D)stems,roots,flowers,leaves,and fruits.
E)flowers and fruits only.

Question 13

The tissue that produces cells to thicken a root or stem is/are the

A)apical meristem only.
B)apical and lateral meristems.
C)tracheid.
D)vascular bundle.
E)lateral meristem only.

Question 14

The ________________ transport(s)water and dissolved minerals from the roots of the plant to the shoots of the plant.

A)xylem
B)guard cells
C)phloem
D)epidermis
E)stomata

Question 15

If a plant exhibits determinate growth,the plant

A)continues to grow until the environment determines that it cannot.
B)produces auxiliary roots to help stabilize the plant.
C)sends out tendrils to support the plant.
D)stops growing when the plant reaches its mature size.
E)produces seeds only at one time during its lifE.

Question 16

Compound leaves are defined as being divided into

A)blades.
B)companion cells.
C)leaflets.
D)stomata.
E)lateral meristems.

Question 17

Stems that grow underground and produce roots and new shoots are

A)rhizomes.
B)always parasitic.
C)stomata.
D)tubers.
E)tendrils.

Question 18

Stems that coil around surrounding objects for support are

A)always parasitic.
B)tendrils.
C)stomata.
D)rhizomes.
E)tubers.

Question 19

The point at which one or more leaves attach to the stem of a plant is a

A)petiole.
B)internode.
C)anther.
D)sieve tube.
E)nodE.

Question 20

The main phloem-conducting cells are

A)tracheids.
B)companion cells.
C)sieve tube elements.
D)vessel elements.
E)stomata.

Question 21

You drive a nail into a tree that is 10 feet tall,and come back 10 years later.The tree is now 30 feet tall,but the nail is the same distance from the ground.This is because the tree grows up from

A)the apical meristem only.
B)the lateral meristem only.
C)both the lateral and apical meristems.
D)the root tip.
E)the nodE.

Question 22

A tomato,squash,or bean would be considered a fruit for which reason?

A)They contain seeds from a flowering plant.
B)They were produced by a flowering plant.
C)They can have a color other than green.
D)They grow above the grounD.
E)They can be eaten raw.

Question 23

The xylem and phloem are produced by the

A)vascular cambium.
B)sieve tube.
C)vascular bundle.
D)mycorrhizal fungi.
E)companion cells.

Question 24

You drive a nail into a tree that is 10 feet tall,so that 5 inches of the nail are showing.You come back 10 years later.The tree is now 30 feet tall and only 3 inches of the nail are showing.This is because the tree grows out from

A)the lateral meristem only.
B)the apical meristem only.
C)both the lateral and apical meristems.
D)the root tip.
E)the nodE.

Question 25

Home gardeners who grow tomatoes are often told to pinch off axillary buds at nodes to prevent the plants from becoming too bushy.This is consistent with most tomato plants being which of the following?

A)monocots
B)determinate
C)eudicots
D)indeterminate

Question 26

On a hot sunny day,which of the following would help protect a plant from water loss?

A)both cuticle and stomata
B)cuticle only
C)stomata only
D)both cuticle and phloem
E)both phloem and stomata

Question 27

In the spring before the leaves come out,maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup.The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter.Which of the following best describes the original source of the sugars found in the sap?

A)photosynthesis during the previous summer
B)photosynthesis that winter
C)photosynthesis occurring in the spring while the sap is flowing
D)breakdown of cellulose in the tree
E)absorption from the soil

Question 28

If you cut a stalk of celery and put it in a glass of water containing red food coloring overnight,the next morning the celery will be red.The food coloring was taken up through which of the following?

A)phloem
B)stomata
C)xylem
D)dermal tissue
E)ground tissue

Question 29

When preparing slides to look at mitosis,the tips of onion roots are a good source of cells because they contain ______ where mitosis is taking place consistently.

A)vascular tissue
B)dermal tissue
C)All answers are correct.
D)apical meristem
E)endodermis

Question 30

A waxy layer secreted by the epidermal cells of a plant is the

A)stomatA.
B)cuticle.
C)guard cell.
D)xylem.
E)phloem.

Question 31

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree.The tree will typically survive that growing season,but will die over the winter.Why wouldn't girdling work on a large grass?

A)The vascular bundles are in a ring just under the bark.
B)The vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue.
C)Monocots don't have vascular bundles.
D)Eudicots don't have vascular bundles.
E)Grasses have taproots.

Question 32

One way to kill a tree is to girdle it by cutting a groove a centimeter into the bark all around the trunk of the tree.The tree will typically survive that growing season,but will die over the winter.Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?

A)The phloem was cut,so water and nutrients cannot be taken up to the leaves.
B)The xylem was cut,so sugars cannot be transported to the roots.
C)The xylem was cut,so water and nutrients cannot be taken up to the leaves.
D)Cutting the bark allows access to pathogens that kill the tree.
E)The phloem was cut,so sugars cannot be transported to the roots.

Question 33

The cells that surround each stoma and control its opening and closing are

A)sieve tube cells.
B)vascular cells.
C)companion cells.
D)pith cells.
E)guard cells.

Question 34

Conducting cells in xylem are

A)sieve tube elements only.
B)tracheids only.
C)both tracheids and vessel elements.
D)vessel elements only.
E)both tracheids and sieve tube elements.

Question 35

The root cap

A)protects the meristem from abrasion.
B)is located at the tip of the root.
C)secretes a lubricant for the growing root.
D)plays a role in sensing gravity.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 36

A collective term for all plant tissues outside the vascular cambium is

A)mesophyll.
B)bark.
C)leaf.
D)wooD.
E)cork cambium.

Question 37

The pores through which leaves exchange gases with the atmosphere are

A)epidermal cells.
B)sieve tube elements.
C)guard cells.
D)petioles.
E)stomata.

Question 38

A potato stores a lot of starch.Which of the following tissues would you expect to be most abundant in a potato?

A)dermal tissue
B)vascular tissue
C)ground tissue
D)equal amounts of ground and dermal tissue
E)equal amounts of dermal and vascular tissue

Question 39

The primary organ of photosynthesis in a plant is the

A)leaf.
B)stomata.
C)bark.
D)stem.
E)chlorophyll.

Question 40

If a gardener wanted to help prevent erosion along a slope it would be best to

A)plant grasses because they have fibrous roots.
B)plant grasses because they have taproots.
C)plant trees because they have taproots.
D)plant trees because they have fibrous roots.

Question 41

Grasses and other monocots usually have fibrous root systems.

Question 42

In the spring before the leaves come out,maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup.The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter.Which of the following tissues would contain the starch over the winter?

A)xylem
B)phloem
C)parenchyma tissue
D)collenchyma tissue
E)roots

Question 43

Most carnivorous plants use their prey as a primary source of

A)nitrogen.
B)energy.
C)carbon.
D)magnesium.
E)potassium.

Question 44

Vegetative edible plant parts include roots,fruits,stems,and tubers.

Question 45

Herbaceous plants are those that contain little or no woody tissue.

Question 46

The three main types of tissue formed by plant cells are ground tissue,dermal tissue,and vascular tissue.

Question 47

In woody plants the vascular cambium produces xylem and the cork cambium produces phloem.

Question 48

Which of the following best describes a compound leaf?

A)multiple blades attached to a single petiole
B)a single blade attached to a petiole
C)a single leaflet attached to a petiole
D)multiple leaflets attached to a single petiole

Question 49

Apoptosis is Greek for "dropping off" and refers to the programmed death of cells that attach the petiole to the stem.When these cells die in the fall,the leaves drop.Cells in which part of the plant are undergoing apoptosis?

A)lateral meristem only
B)apical meristem only
C)all types of meristem
D)leaf
E)node

Question 50

The opening and closing of a plant's stomata are regulated by the flow of _____________ ions.

A)phosphorus
B)magnesium
C)copper
D)sulfur
E)potassium

Question 51

The vegetative parts of plants are those parts that are reproductive.

Question 52

The epidermis of a plant leaf is usually many layers thick and carries out most of the photosynthesis in a leaf.

Question 53

In a deciduous tree found in the north,which two seasons would contribute to tree rings?

A)spring and summer
B)spring and fall
C)winter and spring
D)winter and summer
E)summer and fall

Question 54

Where would you expect to find sapwood in a cross section of a tree trunk?

A)in the center
B)just under the bark
C)All answers are correct.
D)in the bark
E)in the roots

Question 55

Root hairs greatly increase the absorptive surface area of a root.

Question 56

The shoot of a plant is the above-ground part of a plant.

Question 57

Veins are the vascular bundles inside a leaf.

Question 58

In the spring before the leaves come out,maple trees are often tapped to collect sap to make syrup.The sugars were stored in the wood of the tree as starch and then released as temperatures rise above freezing in late winter.The resulting sucrose is released into the vessels that transport water.Which of the following would a person tap to collect sap from a maple tree?

A)phloem
B)collenchyma tissue
C)xylem
D)parenchyma tissue
E)roots

Question 59

If a plant exhibits a pattern of indeterminate growth,it stops growing when it reaches mature size.

Question 60

Apoptosis is Greek for "dropping off" and refers to the programmed death of cells that attach the leaf to a stem.If you cut a branch in the summer,the leaves will not fall off in the autumn.What can you conclude from this observation?

A)The leaves are normally killed by substances that come from the trunk of the tree.
B)The leaves must be alive to go through apoptosis.
C)The branch does not need to get rid of leaves if it is cut off.
D)Once cut,the branch no longer can sense what season it is in.
E)The sap from the leaf can no longer move down the xylem to the trunk of the treE.

Question 61

The ______ and ______ of a plant's leaf help conserve water in a plant.

A)root hairs,stomata
B)endodermis,stomata
C)stomata,cuticle
D)endodermis,cuticle
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 62

The tendency of water molecules to "cling" together is

A)cohesion.
B)adhesion.
C)hydrolysis.
D)condensation.
E)evaporation.

Question 63

Nitrogen,in useful form for cells,is made available to plants

A)through their stomatA.
B)through their leaves.
C)through their roots.
D)through their roots and leaves.
E)through their stomata and leaves.

Question 64

Nutrients that an organism needs in fairly large amounts are referred to as

A)total nutrients.
B)macronutrients.
C)micronutrients.
D)solid nutrients.
E)essential nutrients.

Question 65

In the pressure flow theory,any part of a plant that does not carry out photosynthesis is a

A)source.
B)sink.
C)reservoir.
D)aqueduct.
E)companion cell.

Question 66

Which of the following is not an element taken in primarily by the roots of the plant?

A)nitrogen
B)magnesium
C)carbon
D)phosphorus
E)zinc

Question 67

The products of photosynthesis move from the leaf to other parts of the plant via

A)xylem.
B)phloem.
C)cortex.
D)cortex and phloem.
E)cortex and xylem.

Question 68

Carbon dioxide enters a plant from the atmosphere through pores called

A)guard cells.
B)companion cells.
C)sieve tubes.
D)nodes.
E)stomata.

Question 69

"P" is the chemical symbol for

A)nickel.
B)potassium.
C)plutonium.
D)phosphorus.
E)copper.

Question 70

The water absorption rate of a plant's roots is greatly increased by

A)presence of many stomata only.
B)presence of root hairs only.
C)both association with mycorrhizal fungi and presence of root hairs.
D)association with mycorrhizal fungi only.
E)both presence of many stomata and root hairs.

Question 71

The evaporation of water from the leaf of a plant is

A)totally prevented by the leaf's cuticle.
B)not affected by temperature.
C)condensation.
D)transpiration.
E)precipitation.

Question 72

The bacterium Rhizobium

A)triggers the development of root nodules in legumes.
B)enters plants through the root hairs.
C)lives symbiotically within plant cells.
D)breaks the triple covalent bond in N_2.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 73

The innermost layer of the cortex of a plant root is the

A)epidermis.
B)stoma.
C)guard cell.
D)endodermis.
E)petiolE.

Question 74

The attraction of a molecule of one substance,such as water,to a molecule of another substance,such as cellulose in plant cells walls,is

A)adhesion.
B)hydrolysis.
C)condensation.
D)cohesion.
E)evaporation.

Question 75

Commercial fertilizer labels prominently display three numbers which indicate the content of three elements needed by most plants as macronutrients.These elements in number sequence are

A)zinc,magnesium,and potassium.
B)nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium.
C)copper,nitrogen,and phosphorus.
D)carbon,sulfur,and nitrogen.
E)nitrogen,zinc,and copper.

Question 76

Which of the following will not increase the rate of transpiration in a plant?

A)high humidity
B)low humidity
C)high wind speeds
D)high temperature
E)All answers are correct.

Question 77

"N" is the chemical symbol for

A)nickel.
B)neon.
C)nitrogen.
D)magnesium.
E)copper.

Question 78

Using organic matter such as manure or compost for fertilizer

A)improves fertility.
B)aerates the soil.
C)increases the water holding capacity of the soil.
D)provides food for beneficial soil microorganisms.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 79

Nitrogen is needed in plants to manufacture

A)amino acids.
B)proteins.
C)nucleic acids.
D)chlorophyll.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 80

"K" is the chemical symbol for

A)phosphorus.
B)potassium.
C)nickel.
D)krypton.
E)copper.