Deck 17: Evolution and Diversity of Animals

Question 1

Swinging from one arm to the other with the body dangling below is

A)bipedalism.
B)brachiation.
C)"knuckle walking."
D)quatrapedalism.
E)All answers are correct.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The "Cambrian explosion" refers to

A)the mass extinction of dinosaurs.
B)the origination of all major phyla of animals.
C)the development of the first true cell.
D)the origination of life.
E)the creation of Earth.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The only living member of the genus Homo is Homo habilis.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Humans and chimps are both able to

A)walk upright only.
B)walk upright and use tools.
C)communicate only.
D)use tools and communicate.
E)use tools only.

Question 5

Hominids include

A)humans.
B)orangutans.
C)chimpanzees.
D)gorillas.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 6

Chimpanzee genes and human genes are 99% identical.

Question 7

According to the evolutionary tree,humans are descended from other groups of modern apes.

Question 8

How do scientists believe that an asteroid impact in the Yucatan peninsula of Central America caused a worldwide mass extinction?

A)by blocking the sun and inhibiting photosynthesis
B)by using up all of the oxygen in the atmosphere
C)most of the animals in the world were in the tropics of Central America
D)by causing massive floods
E)by heating up the planet

Question 9

Advantages of bipedalism include

A)movement through the treetops and clinging to vines.
B)the ability to run faster.
C)freeing of hands to carry objects and ability to use tools.
D)increased brain size.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 10

Which of the following enabled Homo sapiens to develop complex cultures unlike other members of the Homo genus?

A)the ability to walk upright
B)the development of agriculture
C)the ability to migrate out of Africa
D)changes in skin color
E)the ability to use stone tools

Question 11

Hominines include

A)humans.
B)humans,chimpanzees,and gorillas.
C)gibbons and orangutans.
D)chimpanzees and gorillas.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 12

A skeleton has a foramen magnum tucked beneath the skull;this indicates that the skeletal remains are of a ______.

A)chimpanzee
B)human
C)lesser ape
D)gorilla
E)All answers are correct.

Question 13

Scientists use mitochondrial DNA to track the migration of humans across the planet.After a group migrates away from their ancestral homeland,any mutations that occur are not mixed with those left in the ancestral population.Therefore,mitochondrial DNA samples taken from ____ would have the fewest unique mutations,representing the original and oldest DNA sequences.

A)Asia
B)Australia
C)Europe
D)Africa
E)the Americas

Question 14

Humans and chimps are both

A)primates and hominids.
B)primates only.
C)hominids only.
D)Homo sapiens only.
E)primates and Homo sapiens.

Question 15

The Mesozoic era lasted from

A)65 million years ago to 2 million years ago.
B)500 million years ago to 250 million years ago.
C)250 million years ago to 65 million years ago.
D)540 million years ago to 250 million years ago.
E)one billion years ago to 500 million years ago.

Question 16

The three groups in the primate lineage are

A)monkeys,gibbons,and orangutans.
B)gorillas,bonobos,and chimpanzees.
C)prosimians,simians,and hominoids.
D)chimpanzees,gorillas,and humans.
E)hominines,hominids,and hominoids.

Question 17

The closest living relatives to humans on the evolutionary tree are

A)gibbons.
B)gorillas.
C)orangutans.
D)homo erectus.
E)chimpanzees.

Question 18

Scientists use mitochondrial DNA to track the migration of humans across the planet.After a group migrates away from their ancestral homeland,any mutations that occur are not mixed with those left in the ancestral population.Therefore,mitochondrial DNA samples taken from ____ would have the most unique mutations,representing the most recent population to migrate to a new area.

A)Africa
B)Asia
C)Australia
D)Europe
E)the Americas

Question 19

A skeleton has a foramen magnum near the rear of the skull;this indicates the skeletal remains may be those of a

A)human.
B)gorilla.
C)dog.
D)monkey.
E)rat.

Question 20

Characteristics shared by primates include

A)flat nails instead of claws.
B)grasping hands with opposable thumbs.
C)binocular vision and excellent depth perception.
D)large brain size in comparison to body size.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 21

Platyhelminthes include which of the following organisms?

A)flukes
B)jellyfish
C)sponges
D)insects
E)mollusks

Question 22

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the skin and nervous system is the

A)pachyderm.
B)endoderm.
C)mesoderm.
D)protoderm.
E)ectoderm.

Question 23

Corals and jellyfish belong to the phylum

A)PoriferA.
B)Cnidaria.
C)Platyhelminthes.
D)Nematoda.
E)Annelida.

Question 24

In animals,a sphere of embryonic cells surrounding a fluid-filled cavity is called a

A)gastrovascular cavity.
B)blastula.
C)coelom.
D)gastrula.
E)hydrostatic skeleton.

Question 25

Which of the following characteristics do all animals share?

A)They are single-celled eukaryotes.
B)They are multi-cellular prokaryotes.
C)They are multi-cellular eukaryotes.
D)They are single-celled prokaryotes.

Question 26

All cnidarians share the ability to do which of the following?

A)photosynthesize
B)secrete enzymes to digest food
C)sting predators and prey
D)live on land
E)fly

Question 27

Cnidarians are animals found in ______ environments.

A)land-dwelling
B)tree-dwelling
C)desert
D)All answers are correct.
E)aquatic

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of animals?

A)They have cell walls.
B)They have a developmental stage called a blastula.
C)They are multi-cellular eukaryotes.
D)They are heterotrophs.
E)They secrete and bind to an extracellular matrix.

Question 29

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the digestive tract and organs derived from the digestive tract is the

A)pachyderm.
B)ectoderm.
C)mesoderm.
D)endoderm.
E)protoderm.

Question 30

Snails and squids belong to the phylum

A)CnidariA.
B)Porifera.
C)Platyhelminthes.
D)Mollusca.
E)Annelida.

Question 31

A fluid-filled body cavity that forms completely within the mesoderm of animals is a

A)coelom.
B)blastula.
C)pseudocoelom.
D)protostome.
E)deuterostomE.

Question 32

The type of body symmetry in which only one plane divides the body into mirror images is

A)radial symmetry.
B)bilateral symmetry.
C)longitudinal symmetry.
D)mirrored symmetry.
E)asymmetry.

Question 33

The type of body symmetry in which any plane passing through the body from the mouth to the opposite end divides the body into mirror images is

A)longitudinal symmetry.
B)mirrored symmetry.
C)bilateral symmetry.
D)radial symmetry.
E)asymmetry.

Question 34

An animal with only one opening to take in food and eject waste has a

A)complete digestive tract.
B)incomplete digestive tract.
C)hydrostatic skeleton.
D)coelom.
E)psuedocoelom.

Question 35

Flukes and tapeworms belong to the phylum

A)Platyhelminthes.
B)Cnidaria.
C)Porifera.
D)Nematoda.
E)Annelida.

Question 36

A vertebrate is an animal that

A)has a complete digestive tract.
B)does not have a backbone.
C)has a backbone.
D)has an incomplete digestive tract.
E)does not have true tissues.

Question 37

Which of the following does not have a true coelom?

A)earthworm
B)snail
C)flatworm
D)sea star
E)insect

Question 38

The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the muscles and reproductive system is the

A)pachyderm.
B)ectoderm.
C)mesoderm.
D)endoderm.
E)protoderm.

Question 39

An invertebrate is an animal that

A)does not have a backbone.
B)has a backbone.
C)has a complete digestive tract.
D)has an incomplete digestive tract.
E)does not have true tissues.

Question 40

Sponges belong to the phylum

A)PoriferA.
B)Cnidaria.
C)Platyhelminthes.
D)Nematoda.
E)Annelida.

Question 41

A lancelet is

A)an invertebrate chordate.
B)a vertebrate.
C)an echinoderm.
D)an amphibian.
E)a fish.

Question 42

Which of the following is a characteristic of the phylum Chordata?

A)They do not have true tissues.
B)They have a gastrula with only two germ layers.
C)They have radial symmetry.
D)They have a notochorD.
E)They have a pseudocoelom.

Question 43

The most successful phylum in regards to diversity and numbers is

A)MolluscA.
B)Nematoda.
C)Platyhelminthes.
D)Arthropoda.
E)Echinodermata.

Question 44

A bony or cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects the brain of chordates is a(an)

A)cranium.
B)notochord.
C)amnion.
D)vertebra.
E)jaw.

Question 45

Leeches and earthworms belong to the phylum

A)PoriferA.
B)Mollusca.
C)Annelida.
D)Nematoda.
E)Platyhelminthes.

Question 46

Which of the following are characteristics of hagfishes?

A)They have a cranium only.
B)They have a skeleton composed of cartilage only.
C)They have both a cranium and skeleton composed of cartilage.
D)They have vertebrae only.
E)They have both a cranium and vertebraE.

Question 47

A tunicate is

A)an invertebrate chordate.
B)a vertebrate.
C)an echinoderm.
D)an amphibian.
E)a fish.

Question 48

A mollusk with multiple arms for locomotion and grabbing prey is a

A)gastropod.
B)cephalopod.
C)bivalve.
D)chiton.
E)flukE.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nematodes?

A)They have a complete digestive tract.
B)They are unsegmented.
C)They have bilateral symmetry.
D)They have a coelom.
E)They exhibit cephalization.

Question 50

An animal that maintains its body temperature by using heat generated from its own metabolism is a(an)

A)endotherm.
B)ectotherm.
C)thermophile.
D)mesophile.
E)amniotE.

Question 51

Sea cucumbers and sea urchins belong to the phylum

A)CnidariA.
B)Arthropoda.
C)Echinodermata.
D)Nematoda.
E)Mollusca.

Question 52

What are the three major body regions of many arthropods?

A)head,thorax,and abdomen
B)head,abdomen,and legs
C)head,thorax,and legs
D)head,gastrovascular cavity,and thorax
E)head,gills,and legs

Question 53

The function of vertebrae is to

A)protect the nerve chord only.
B)provide attachment points for muscles only.
C)both protect the nerve cord and provide attachment points for muscles.
D)protect the brain only.
E)both protect the brain and nerve cord.

Question 54

An animal whose body temperature tends to fluctuate with the external environment is a(an)

A)thermophile.
B)mesophile.
C)amniote.
D)endotherm.
E)ectotherm.

Question 55

A circulatory system that keeps blood confined within vessels after leaving the heart is

A)a closed circulatory system.
B)a gastrovascular cavity.
C)an open circulatory system.
D)an incomplete circulatory system.
E)a complete circulatory system.

Question 56

Pinworms and hookworms belong to the phylum

A)NematodA.
B)Annelida.
C)Platyhelminthes.
D)Porifera.
E)Cnidaria.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of annelids?

A)They have a coelom.
B)They have bilateral symmetry.
C)They have an incomplete digestive tract.
D)They are segmenteD.
E)They have organ systems.

Question 58

Spiders and scorpions belong to the phylum

A)CnidariA.
B)Echinodermata.
C)Annelida.
D)Mollusca.
E)Arthropoda.

Question 59

A circulatory system in which the heart pumps blood to tissues throughout the body cavity is

A)a closed circulatory system.
B)a gastrovascular cavity.
C)an incomplete circulatory system.
D)a complete circulatory system.
E)an open circulatory system.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of echinoderms?

A)They exhibit cephalization.
B)Adults exhibit radial symmetry.
C)Larvae exhibit bilateral symmetry.
D)They have a complete digestive tract.
E)They have spiny skin.

Question 61

Which of the following is an amphibian?

A)turtle
B)lizard
C)toad
D)octopus
E)coelacanth

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a reptile?

A)bat
B)snake
C)crocodile
D)turtle
E)penguin

Question 63

Which of the following is a lobe-finned fish?

A)stingray
B)lamprey
C)eel
D)lungfish
E)shark

Question 64

Which of the following is a jawless fish?

A)skate
B)shark
C)tuna
D)salmon
E)lamprey

Question 65

Even semi-aquatic reptiles,like crocodiles and alligators,can spend much of their life on dry land.Which of the following adaptations enables reptiles to live and reproduce on dry land?

A)external fertilization and amniotic eggs
B)internal fertilization only
C)amniotic eggs only
D)internal fertilization and amniotic eggs
E)external fertilization only

Question 66

The first four-legged vertebrates were

A)amphibians.
B)reptiles.
C)tortoises.
D)lampreys.
E)lungfish.

Question 67

Mammals that lay eggs are

A)marsupials.
B)placentals.
C)bats.
D)birds.
E)monotremes.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of amphibians?

A)They have lungs.
B)They have a cartilaginous skeleton.
C)They are ectothermiC.
D)They have a three-chambered heart.
E)They have vertebraE.

Question 69

Birds are classified as

A)reptiles.
B)mammals.
C)amphibians.
D)fishes.
E)invertebrate chordates.

Question 70

The free-swimming tunicate larva resembles a tadpole.Once it settles headfirst onto a solid surface,the tail and notochord disappear and the nerve cord shrinks to nearly nothing.The adults,which are usually sessile,retain only the pharyngeal slits.Neither adult nor larva is segmented.Tunicates have which of the following traits?

A)radial symmetry
B)asymmetry
C)cephalization
D)endothermy
E)incomplete digestive tract

Question 71

The free-swimming tunicate larva resembles a tadpole.Once it settles headfirst onto a solid surface,the tail and notochord disappear and the nerve cord shrinks to nearly nothing.The adults,which are usually sessile,retain only the pharyngeal slits.Neither adult nor larva is segmented.A tunicate is in which of the following phyla?

A)Mollusca
B)Annelida
C)Nematoda
D)Chordata
E)Echinodermata

Question 72

In most species,the female frog lays her eggs directly in the water as a male clasps her back and releases sperm.The fertilized eggs hatch as legless,aquatic tadpoles.Most tadpoles feed on algae and have gills.As they mature,tadpoles develop legs and lungs,lose the tail,and acquire carnivorous tastes.Frogs have which of the following traits?

A)endothermy
B)tetrapod
C)incomplete digestive tract
D)cartilagenous skeleton
E)jawless

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mammals?

A)They have a two-chambered heart.
B)They are endothermic.
C)They have lungs.
D)They have an amnion.
E)They have a skeletal system composed of bonE.

Question 74

Which of the following is a cartilaginous fish?

A)shark
B)tuna
C)salmon
D)lungfish
E)catfish

Question 75

Which adaptations in fishes enabled vertebrates to thrive on land?

A)limbs only
B)both lungs and limbs
C)lungs only
D)fins only
E)both lungs and fins

Question 76

In most species,the female frog lays her eggs directly in the water as a male clasps her back and releases sperm.The fertilized eggs hatch as legless,aquatic tadpoles.Most tadpoles feed on algae and have gills.As they mature,tadpoles develop legs and lungs,lose the tail,and acquire carnivorous tastes.Frogs are in which group?

A)reptile
B)mammal
C)fish
D)amphibian
E)lancelet

Question 77

Which of the following is NOT an example of a mammal?

A)dolphin
B)platypus
C)kangaroo
D)penguin
E)whale

Question 78

Fossil and DNA evidence indicate that birds are members of a clade in which group?

A)mammals
B)reptiles
C)amphibians
D)fishes
E)They are in their own group.

Question 79

In most species,the female frog lays her eggs directly in the water as a male clasps her back and releases sperm.The fertilized eggs hatch as legless,aquatic tadpoles.Most tadpoles feed on algae and have gills.As they mature,tadpoles develop legs and lungs,lose the tail,and acquire carnivorous tastes.The primary function of external gills in aquatic animals is to

A)exchange gases with the water.
B)transport blood.
C)relay nerve impulses.
D)secrete reproductive hormones.
E)defend against invading microorganisms.

Question 80

Which of the following are characteristics of reptiles?

A)They have gills.
B)They are endotherms.
C)They have skeletons composed of cartilage.
D)They are ectotherms with lungs
E)They lack a coelom.