Deck 9: Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Question 1

Human cells have

A)23 pairs of chromosomes.
B)23 chromosomes.
C)46 pairs of chromosomes.
D)2 pairs of sex chromosomes.
E)one pair of autosomes.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Sexual reproduction is important to the survival of a species in a changing environment because

A)sexual reproduction requires less overall energy expenditure than asexual reproduction.
B)sexual reproduction produces genetically different individuals.
C)sexual reproduction requires only one individual.
D)sexual reproduction produces genetically-identical individuals.
E)All answers are correct.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Meiosis is a process that produces

A)sperm cells.
B)egg cells.
C)gametes.
D)haploid cells.
E)All answers are correct.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The process by which a bacterium uses a sex pilus to transfer genetic information to another bacterium is

A)meiosis.
B)mutation.
C)mitosis.
D)conjugation.
E)sexual reproduction.

Question 5

Diploid means having

A)one complete set of chromosomes.
B)three complete sets of chromosomes.
C)two complete sets of chromosomes.
D)two chromosomes in each somatic cell.
E)two chromosomes in each gametE.

Question 6

Mitotic cell division creates identical copies by replicating a cell's DNA __________ and then dividing ____________.

A)once,twice
B)twice,once
C)twice,twice
D)once,once
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 7

The chromosomal designation for a human female is

A)XYY.
B)XY.
C)YY.
D)XX.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 8

The chromosomal designation for a human male is

A)XX.
B)XO.
C)XY.
D)YY.
E)XXX.

Question 9

If human gametes were diploid

A)the products of fertilization would have the same number of chromosomes as their parents.
B)the products of fertilization would have fewer chromosomes than their parents.
C)fertilization could not occur.
D)the products of fertilization would have more chromosomes than their parents.
E)the embryo would be diploid.

Question 10

A diploid germ cell will produce cells that have reduced the chromosome number by half,generating four haploid nuclei in

A)fertilization.
B)mitosis.
C)meiosis.
D)replication.
E)mutation.

Question 11

Sexual reproduction includes

A)mitosis,gamete formation,and fertilization.
B)mitosis,meiosis,and gamete formation.
C)meiosis,gamete formation,and fertilization.
D)mitosis,fertilization,and meiosis.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 12

1n is an abbreviation for

A)haploid.
B)somatic cells.
C)diploid.
D)mitosis.
E)meiosis.

Question 13

The human chromosomes that do not determine gender are

A)not found in pairs.
B)the "X" and "Y" chromosomes.
C)autosomes.
D)called sex chromosomes.
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 14

2n is an abbreviation for

A)diploid.
B)gametes.
C)haploid.
D)mitosis.
E)meiosis.

Question 15

Meiotic cell division replicates a cell's DNA ____________ and then divides ______________.

A)twice,once
B)once,twice
C)twice,twice
D)once,once
E)None of the answers are correct.

Question 16

In humans,germ cells are located in

A)bone marrow.
B)blood.
C)all cells.
D)all tissues.
E)testes and ovaries.

Question 17

The process that merges the gametes from two parents is

A)fertilization.
B)meiosis.
C)mitosis.
D)mutation.
E)conjugation.

Question 18

After the completion of meiosis in humans,a diploid germ cell has produced cells with half the original chromosome number,generating __________ haploid nuclei.

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)23
E)46

Question 19

Chromosomes that look alike and carry the same sequence of genes for the same traits are

A)the X and Y chromosome.
B)all the autosomes.
C)homologous chromosomes.
D)found in females only.
E)found in males only.

Question 20

A zygote is

A)a haploid cell.
B)a gamete.
C)a direct product of meiosis.
D)All answers are correct.
E)a diploid cell.

Question 21

In meiosis II,cytokinesis results in the production of

A)two haploid daughter cells.
B)four diploid daughter cells.
C)four haploid daughter cells.
D)two diploid daughter cells.
E)one daughter cell identical to the parent cell that underwent meiosis.

Question 22

In meiosis,chromosomes containing sister chromatids (not homologous chromosomes)align along the center of the cell during

A)prophase I.
B)prophase II.
C)interphase II.
D)metaphase I.
E)metaphase II.

Question 23

In meiosis,paired homologs align down the center of the cell during

A)metaphase I.
B)prophase I.
C)prophase II.
D)metaphase II.
E)anaphase II.

Question 24

Why does sexual reproduction produce more genetic variability in a population?

A)Offspring are genetically identical to one parent.
B)During sex,adults can exchange genetic material thus increasing their variability.
C)Organisms arising from sexual reproduction can change their genetic material in response to environmental changes.
D)Sexually-reproducing organisms mutate more rapidly than asexually reproducing organisms.
E)Offspring are a genetic mix of both parents.

Question 25

Nondisjunction may cause

A)trisomy 21.
B)Turner syndrome.
C)Jacobs syndrome.
D)All answers are correct.
E)Klinefelter syndromE.

Question 26

What process creates daughter cells with a mixture of paternal and maternal chromosomes?

A)asexual reproduction
B)semi-conservative replication
C)random fertilization
D)independent assortment
E)mutation

Question 27

Sexual reproduction and meiosis generate genetic variety by

A)random fertilization.
B)All answers are correct.
C)independent assortment.
D)crossing over.

Question 28

Homologous chromosomes contain the same ____ but may contain different ____.

A)alleles,genes
B)sister chromatids,genes
C)alleles,sister chromatids
D)genes,sister chromatids
E)genes,alleles

Question 29

The process by which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material

A)is crossing over.
B)is random fertilization.
C)occurs only in bacteria.
D)occurs only in animals.
E)is independent assortment.

Question 30

In meiosis,DNA replicates during

A)prophase I.
B)prophase II.
C)interphase prior to meiosis II.
D)interphase prior to meiosis I.
E)both prophase I and prophase II.

Question 31

In meiosis I,cytokinesis usually occurs after telophase I and produces

A)one diploid cell with sister chromatids still attached.
B)two haploid cells with sister chromatids still attached.
C)four haploid cells.
D)two diploid cells.
E)one haploid cell.

Question 32

In meiosis,homologous chromosomes separate during

A)prophase I.
B)prophase II.
C)anaphase I.
D)metaphase I.
E)anaphase II.

Question 33

The Y chromosome

A)is larger than the X chromosome.
B)contains more genes than the X chromosome.
C)is the same size as the X chromosome.
D)is smaller than the X chromosome.
E)is genetically identical to the X chromosomE.

Question 34

When chromosomes fail to separate at either the first or second meiotic division,this

A)is known as crossing over.
B)results in a sperm or egg cell with an abnormal number of chromosomes.
C)is known as translocation.
D)results in a failure to produce gametes.
E)results in arrest during meiosis.

Question 35

A gamete having more than one complete set of chromosomes

A)cannot be produced by meiosis.
B)cannot participate in fertilization.
C)is polyploid.
D)will undergo mitosis.
E)is not yet through meiosis.

Question 36

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

A)genetic variability during an ecological disaster
B)genetic variability when the environment is stable
C)faster reproduction
D)requirement of less energy
E)simpler form of reproduction

Question 37

Alternate forms of the same gene

A)do not exist.
B)are alleles.
C)are homologs.
D)are sister chromatids.
E)do not occur in the same individual.

Question 38

In meiosis,the separated sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell during

A)metaphase I.
B)metaphase II.
C)anaphase I.
D)telophase I.
E)anaphase II.

Question 39

In meiosis,homologous chromosomes align next to one another during

A)interphase I.
B)metaphase II.
C)prophase I.
D)metaphase I.
E)prophase II.

Question 40

The X chromosome is

A)larger than the Y chromosome.
B)smaller than the Y chromosome.
C)the same size as the Y chromosome.
D)genetically identical to the Y chromosome.
E)larger and genetically identical to the Y chromosomE.

Question 41

Why is it essential that meiosis produce haploid cells?

A)so that the number of chromosomes will double each generation
B)to produce haploid offspring
C)to prevent the number of chromosomes from doubling each generation
D)to produce diploid gametes
E)to allow asexual reproduction

Question 42

People who have a single X chromosome are female,while those with XXY sex chromosomes are males.In order to be a female,a human

A)must have two X chromosomes.
B)cannot have a Y chromosome.
C)must have only one X chromosome.
D)must have only one Y chromosome.
E)cannot have an X chromosomE.

Question 43

In humans,the sex of a child is determined by

A)the sex chromosome in the egg.
B)the number of autosomes in the sperm.
C)the number of autosomes in the egg.
D)the sex chromosome in the sperm.
E)the number of X chromosomes in the egg.

Question 44

A diploid cell with 4 chromosomes would produce which of the following after meiosis?

A)Two genetically-distinct types of haploid gametes
B)Two genetically-distinct types of diploid gametes
C)Four genetically-distinct types of haploid gametes
D)Four genetically-distinct types of diploid gametes
E)Four genetically-identical diploid gametes

Question 45

A diploid cell with 6 chromosomes would produce which of the following after meiosis?

A)Four genetically-distinct types of haploid gametes
B)Two genetically-distinct types of diploid gametes
C)Four genetically-distinct types of diploid gametes
D)Eight genetically-distinct types of haploid gametes
E)Eight genetically-identical haploid gametes

Question 46

Most cultivated bananas are triploid.How could these be generated from diploid parent banana plants?

A)nondisjunction in meiosis followed by normal fertilization
B)nondisjunction in mitosis followed by normal fertilization
C)fertilization of a haploid egg by two haploid sperm
D)fertilization of a haploid egg by a haploid sperm
E)fertilization of a diploid somatic cell by a haploid sperm

Question 47

If a diploid sperm fertilizes a diploid egg it will produce a ____ zygote.

A)triploid
B)tetraploid
C)diploid
D)haploid
E)hexaploid

Question 48

If a diploid cell goes through meiosis it will generate

A)two haploid cells.
B)four diploid cells.
C)two diploid cells.
D)four haploid cells.
E)This is not possiblE.

Question 49

When a human egg ovulates,it arrests in metaphase II until it is fertilized by a sperm.How many chromosomes are present in the egg at metaphase II?

A)46
B)2 with sister chromatids still attached
C)4
D)23 with sister chromatids still attached
E)1

Question 50

In the section "Investigating Life: A New Species Is Born,but Who's the Daddy?",Tragopogon mirus is a hybrid of T.dubius and T porrifolius.Based on the figure,T.mirus has

A)12 chromosomes from T.dubius and 12 chromosomes from T.porrifolius.
B)6 chromosomes from T.dubius and 6 chromosomes from T.porrifolius.
C)24 chromosomes from T.dubius and 24 chromosomes from T.porrifolius.
D)24 chromosomes from T.dubius.
E)24 chromosomes from T.porrifolius.

Question 51

If a chromosome in one of your bone cells becomes mutated,you will not pass this mutation onto your children because

A)somatic cells cannot undergo mitosis.
B)germ cells cannot undergo meiosis.
C)germ cells cannot undergo mitosis.
D)somatic cells cannot undergo meiosis.

Question 52

In the section "Investigating Life: A New Species Is Born,but Who's the Daddy?",T.mirus would normally produce gametes with __ chromosomes.

A)24
B)12
C)6
D)2
E)1

Question 53

Genes A and B are on the same chromosome.What gametes could an individual with the allele combination AABB produce?

A)AABB
B)A
C)AB
D)B
E)AAB

Question 54

Genes A and B are on the same chromosome.If a person has one chromosome with the alleles AB and a second chromosome with the alleles ab,how could they produce a gamete with a chromosome containing the alleles Ab or aB?

A)independent assortment
B)random fertilization
C)mitosis
D)fragmentation of the chromosome
E)crossing over

Question 55

Which of the following will occur in meiosis but not in mitosis?

A)metaphase
B)cytokinesis
C)crossing over
D)DNA replication
E)chromosome condensation

Question 56

If a diploid cell goes through mitosis it will generate

A)four haploid cells.
B)two diploid cells.
C)two haploid cells.
D)four diploid cells.
E)This is not possiblE.

Question 57

For a plant to produce diploid sperm and egg ____ must occur during _____.

A)nondisjunction,mitosis
B)independent assortment,meiosis
C)nondisjunction,meiosis
D)independent assortment,mitosis
E)independent assortment,fertilization

Question 58

If you mate a donkey (2n = 62)with a horse (2n = 64)you get a mule.A mule is sterile and cannot produce gametes by meiosis because

A)they contain too few chromosomes.
B)they have an odd number of chromosomes.
C)they have an even number of chromosomes.
D)they contain too many chromosomes.
E)they lack genes that are essential for lifE.

Question 59

If a haploid cell goes through mitosis it will generate

A)two haploid cells.
B)two diploid cells.
C)four haploid cells.
D)four diploid cells.
E)This is not possiblE.

Question 60

If a haploid cell goes through meiosis it will generate

A)four haploid cells.
B)This is not possible.
C)two haploid cells.
D)four diploid cells.
E)two diploid cells.

Question 61

There are two divisions in meiosis resulting in four daughter cells.

Question 62

A female missing an X chromosome (XO)has Turner syndrome.

Question 63

If a woman in her late forties wants to have a baby and seeks medical advice,she will be advised that she is at greater risk of having a baby with Down syndrome.

Question 64

The number of chromosomes in a daughter cell produced by mitosis is the same as the number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Question 65

If a human zygote has either 45 or 47 chromosomes it was caused by nondisjunction.

Question 66

Haploid cells lack which of the following?

A)homologous chromosomes
B)autosomes
C)sex chromosomes
D)a nucleus
E)autosomes and sex chromosomes

Question 67

Genetic information is passed from one generation to the next through

A)DNA.
B)asexual reproduction.
C)sexual reproduction.
D)gametes.
E)All answers are correct.

Question 68

The number of chromosomes in a daughter cell produced by meiosis is the same as the number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Question 69

Meiosis requires that homologous chromosomes align with one another so that crossing over may occur.

Question 70

In the section "Investigating Life: A New Species Is Born,but Who's the Daddy?",T.miscellus has

A)arisen only once with T.pratensis being the female parent.
B)arisen only once with T.dubius being the female parent.
C)arisen more than once with T.pratensis and T.dubius both being the female parent.
D)arisen more than once with T.pratensis being the female parent.
E)arisen more than once with T.dubius being the female parent.

Question 71

Identical twins result from a single fertilization to form a zygote,which then clones itself.

Question 72

Mitosis does not require that homologous chromosomes align with one another.

Question 73

Mitosis occurs in germ cells throughout life.

Question 74

In the section "Investigating Life: A New Species Is Born,but Who's the Daddy?",pollen contains _____ that produce _____.

A)gametophytes,spores
B)sporophytes,sperm
C)sporophytes,spores
D)sperm,spores
E)gametophytes,sperm

Question 75

What two processes results in genetically-identical products?

A)mitosis and meiosis
B)meiosis and asexual reproduction
C)meiosis and sexual reproduction
D)mitosis and sexual reproduction
E)mitosis and asexual reproduction

Question 76

A male with an extra X chromosome (XXY)has Turner syndrome.

Question 77

If a human zygote has either 45 or 47 chromosomes it was caused by random fertilization.

Question 78

What two processes results in genetically-different products?

A)mitosis and meiosis
B)mitosis and asexual reproduction
C)meiosis and asexual reproduction
D)meiosis and sexual reproduction
E)mitosis and sexual reproduction

Question 79

What creates genetically-different offspring in both asexual and sexual reproduction?

A)mutations
B)mitosis
C)meiosis
D)mutations and mitosis
E)mitosis and meiosis

Question 80

Fraternal twins (dizygotic)result from the fertilization of

A)two eggs and two sperm.
B)two eggs and one sperm.
C)one egg and two sperm.
D)one egg and one sperm.
E)two eggs and one sperm OR one egg and two sperm.