Deck 25: The Europe of Economic Depression and Dictatorship

Question 1

From whom did the Nazis receive much of their early support?

A)big business owners
B)members of the working class
C)officers in the German Army
D)middle-class businessmen
E)women's organizations

Answer 1

middle-class businessmen

Question 2

What action did Austrian chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss take in response to a general strike in Vienna in 1934?

A)He resigned his office in favor of a Social Democrat.
B)He agreed to the Anschluss,the German annexation of Austria.
C)He banned all political parties except the fascist Fatherland Front.
D)He requested military aid from Germany and Czechoslovakia.
E)He agreed to restore the Habsburg monarchy.

Answer 2

He banned all political parties except the fascist Fatherland Front.

Question 3

How did Stalin remake Soviet agriculture with the first Five-Year Plan?

A)He expanded the reforms of the New Economic Policy,introducing elements of the free market into agriculture.
B)He collectivized farms in the Soviet Union,which eliminated private ownership of land and animals.
C)He moved workers from Russia's cities to the Ukrainian countryside to help with agricultural production.
D)He highlighted the important role of peasants as class revolutionaries.
E)He introduced local markets in the countryside to improve nutrition for Soviet citizens.

Answer 3

He collectivized farms in the Soviet Union,which eliminated private ownership of land and animals.

Question 4

What set of laws,decreed in 1935,deprived Jews of citizenship and forbade marriages between Jewish and non-Jewish Germans?

A)Berlin Laws
B)Nuremberg Laws
C)Munich Laws
D)Hamburg Laws
E)Frankfurt Laws

Question 5

Who was responsible for orchestrating the cult of Hitler in his role as minister of propaganda?

A)Heinrich Himmler
B)Hermann Göring
C)Ernst Röhm
D)Martin Bormann
E)Joseph Goebbels

Question 6

What role did Mussolini envision for women in society?

A)Women were to be on the front lines,fighting the enemy.
B)Women were to be in the home,having babies.
C)Women were to be in factories,producing munitions for war.
D)Women were to be in parliament,representing nationalist interests.
E)Women were to be in the arts,producing nationalist art.

Question 7

Who was the first right-wing dictator to come to power in interwar Europe?

A)Benito Mussolini in Italy
B)Engelbert Dollfuss in Austria
C)Antonio Salazar in Portugal
D)Adolf Hitler in Germany
E)Francisco Franco in Spain

Question 8

What name was given to anti-Semitic attacks across Germany on November 9,1938,following the murder of a German embassy official in Paris?

A)Kristallnacht
B)Night of the Long Knives
C)Gulag
D)Kripo
E)Cross of Fire

Question 9

Whereas the Nazi Party's paramilitary organization,the S.A. ,wore brown shirts,Italy's Fascist squadristi wore what color?

A)green
B)blue
C)black
D)red
E)white

Question 10

The murders of the "Night of the Long Knives," on June 30,1934,were meant to accomplish what goal?

A)intimidating German Jews from participation in political life
B)assassinating the leaders of the German Communist Party
C)eliminating the S.A. ,which Hitler saw as too independent
D)creating a pretense for German involvement in the Spanish Civil War
E)forming the basis for the introduction of the Nuremberg Laws

Question 11

To what did the term Lebensraum refer in Hitler's plans for foreign policy?

A)the complete destruction of communism
B)the conquest of "living space" for Germans in Eastern Europe
C)opposition to parliamentary governments in Western Europe
D)rearmament above the restrictions set by the Treaty of Versailles
E)the conquest of European colonies in Africa for Germany

Question 12

For what reason did many mainstream politicians support Benito Mussolini as prime minister,even though the Fascist Party held few seats in the Italian parliament?

A)Mussolini promised to conquer territory for Italy.
B)Mussolini promised to reduce taxes on Italian businesses.
C)Mussolini promised to restore social order.
D)Mussolini promised to build a broad coalition to govern.
E)Mussolini promised peace with the Communist Party.

Question 13

Which African nation did Italy invade in 1935 to expand its empire?

A)Ethiopia
B)Liberia
C)Algeria
D)Egypt
E)South Africa

Question 14

Agriculture in what part of Europe remained depressed even in the 1920s,due to cheap imports from overseas and tariff barriers?

A)Germany
B)the British Isles
C)Scandinavia
D)Eastern Europe and the Balkans
E)southern Europe

Question 15

What leader transformed the Soviet Union into a totalitarian communist state in the 1920s and 1930s?

A)Joseph Stalin
B)Leon Trotsky
C)Nikita Khrushchev
D)Gregory Zinoviev
E)Nikolai Bukarin

Question 16

The Nazi secret police,which was responsible for repressing political opposition,was known as what?

A)Gestapo
B)Führer
C)Himmler
D)Stasi
E)storm troopers

Question 17

Adolf Hitler combined anti-Semitic rhetoric with rhetoric against what political ideology?

A)liberalism
B)monarchism
C)authoritarianism
D)democracy
E)communism

Question 18

Radical,Socialist,and Communist parties in France joined together against the far right to form the

A)Red Bloc.
B)Popular Front.
C)Cross of Fire.
D)National Front.
E)Faisceau movement.

Question 19

Which English economist challenged economic orthodoxy by suggesting that recovery would depend on increased government expenditures to stimulate consumer spending?

A)Adam Smith
B)David Ricardo
C)Neville Chamberlain
D)John Maynard Keynes
E)Friedrich Hayek

Question 20

Whereas communists proposed unity based on class,fascists proposed unity based on

A)religion.
B)wealth.
C)Europeanness.
D)national identity.
E)civilization.

Question 21

Which painter's Guernica commemorated the horrors caused by Italian and German bombing in Spain?

A)Salvador Dalí
B)Pablo Picasso
C)Julio González
D)Albert Marque
E)Ernest Hemingway

Question 22

Who achieved victory in the Spanish Civil War and became the caudillo of Spain,establishing authoritarian rule?

A)Francisco Franco
B)Juan Negrin
C)King Alfonso XIII
D)Miguel Primo de Rivera
E)Manuel Azaña

Question 23

What was the name given to the camps to which Stalin's courts sentenced people convicted in show trials?

A)gulags
B)concentration camps
C)kulaks
D)reeducation camps
E)black sites

Question 24

Which nation's civil war became the active battleground between European ideologies in the mid-1930s?

A)Germany
B)Czechoslovakia
C)Austria
D)Spain
E)Portugal

Question 25

What group,led by Nikolai Bukharin,broke with Stalin over the policy of collectivization?

A)the Right Opposition
B)the Left Opposition
C)the Politburo
D)the Trotskyists
E)the Social Democrats

Question 26

What were the social and political goals of the French Popular Front in the 1930s?

Question 27

Once he was in power,how did Benito Mussolini try to reshape the Italian economy and society?