Deck 13: Organic Chemistry

Question 1

The process by which small molecules join together to form larger ones is called

A)cracking.
B)esterification.
C)polymerization.
D)saturation.

Answer 1

polymerization.

Question 2

The bonds between the atoms in a molecule of a saturated organic compound are

A)all single.
B)all double.
C)some single and some double.
D)all triple.

Answer 2

all single.

Question 3

A double bond between two carbon atoms involves the sharing of a total of

A)2 electrons.
B)4 electrons.
C)8 electrons.
D)Any of these choices could be correct, depending on the molecule.

Answer 3

4 electrons.

Question 4

Hydrocarbon molecules with double or triple carbon-carbon bonds are

A)relatively reactive.
B)relatively inactive.
C)extremely dense.
D)saturated.

Question 5

Each dash in the structural formula of an organic molecule represents a shared

A)electron.
B)electron pair.
C)ion pair.
D)carbon atom.

Question 6

The isomers of a compound have different

A)molecular compositions.
B)molecular masses.
C)structures.
D)numbers of bonds between their atoms.

Question 7

An atomic orbital that is a mixture of s and p orbitals is called

A)an unsaturated orbital.
B)a saturated orbital.
C)a hybrid orbital.
D)an isomeric orbital.

Question 8

Which of the following compounds can exist?

A)C₂H₃
B)C₂H₄
C)C₂H₅
D)C₂H₇

Question 9

Methane is not

A)a hydrocarbon.
B)an alkane.
C)present in natural gas.
D)present in gasoline.

Question 10

The number of carbon-carbon bonds in acetylene, C₂H₂, is

A)1.
B)2.
C)3.
D)4.

Question 11

Compared with inorganic compounds in general, most organic compounds

A)are more readily soluble in water.
B)are more easily decomposed by heat.
C)react more rapidly.
D)form ions more readily in solution.

Question 12

The alkanes in petroleum can be partly separated by

A)fractional distillation.
B)polymerization.
C)cracking.
D)reaction with hydrogen.

Question 13

In organic chemistry, an aromatic compound

A)has a pronounced odor.
B)consists only of alkane molecules.
C)has benzene rings in its molecules.
D)does not have benzene rings in its molecules.

Question 14

The number of carbon atoms in a benzene ring is

A)4.
B)5.
C)6.
D)8.

Question 15

The trans isomer of certain compounds has

A)straighter molecules than those of the cis isomer.
B)molecules that are more bent than those of the cis isomer.
C)right-handed molecules.
D)left-handed molecules.

Question 16

The structural formula of the methyl group is

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 17

A variety of alkanes is found in

A)gasoline.
B)carbohydrates.
C)proteins.
D)esters.

Question 18

Alkane molecules

A)have only single carbon-carbon bonds.
B)may have double carbon-carbon bonds.
C)react readily with acids.
D)react readily with bases.

Question 19

Which of these statements about benzene rings is not true?

A)They occur only in benzene molecules.
B)All the carbon-carbon bonds in a ring are the same.
C)Each ring has six electrons shared by all the carbon atoms in the ring.
D)They can occur in groups of two or more with two atoms shared by each pair of adjacent rings.

Question 20

The maximum number of covalent bonds possible between two carbon atoms in an organic molecule is

A)1.
B)2.
C)3.
D)4.

Question 21

Cellulose is a

A)carbohydrate.
B)protein.
C)lipid.
D)nucleic acid.

Question 22

Ethanol

A)is also known as methyl alcohol.
B)is not poisonous.
C)has OH groups in its molecules.
D)ionizes when added to water.

Question 23

In photosynthesis, chlorophyll acts

A)to shield the reacting molecules from sunlight.
B)to extract oxygen from the atmosphere.
C)to prevent water from evaporating.
D)to both catalyze and provide energy to the process.

Question 24

The oxidation of glucose does not yield

A)water.
B)oxygen.
C)carbon dioxide.
D)energy.

Question 25

The structural elements of a polyester such as Dacron

A)are glass fibers.
B)are esters.
C)have ester linkages between them.
D)are arranged in rings.

Question 26

All alcohols

A)are safe to drink.
B)can be made only by fermentation.
C)contain just one OH group.
D)contain one or more OH groups.

Question 27

The unique properties of Teflon, which is composed of carbon and fluorine, arise from the strength of

A)C-C bonds.
B)F-F bonds.
C)C-F bonds.
D)rings of F atoms.

Question 28

Carbohydrates are manufactured in green plants by

A)polymerization.
B)fermentation.
C)photosynthesis.
D)respiration.

Question 29

Nylon is an example of

A)a monomer.
B)a polymer.
C)an isomer.
D)an elastomer.

Question 30

Animal cells do not contain

A)glycogen.
B)starch.
C)proteins.
D)lipids.

Question 31

Fermentation can convert sugar to carbon dioxide and

A)ethanol.
B)methanol.
C)acetic acid.
D)starch.

Question 32

Of the following acids, the one that dissociates least in water solution is

A)nitric.
B)acetic.
C)sulfuric.
D)hydrochloric.

Question 33

The oxygen in the earth's atmosphere comes from

A)volcanoes.
B)space.
C)photosynthesis.
D)the action of lightning on seawater.

Question 34

Which of the following is not a carbohydrate?

A)cellulose
B)starch
C)DNA
D)glycogen

Question 35

Plants store energy in the form of

A)cellulose.
B)starch.
C)DNA.
D)glycogen.

Question 36

The average efficiency of photosynthesis in utilizing solar energy is

A)1 percent.
B)20 percent.
C)50 percent.
D)90 percent.

Question 37

A long chain of identical simple molecules linked together is called a(n)

A)monomer.
B)polymer.
C)isomer.
D)elastomer.

Question 38

Amino acids are the basic units of

A)carbohydrates.
B)proteins.
C)lipids.
D)nucleic acids.

Question 39

The reaction of an alcohol with an organic acid produces

A)a ketone.
B)an ester.
C)a protein.
D)an aldehyde.

Question 40

The presence of a COOH group is characteristic of an

A)alkane.
B)organic acid.
C)aldehyde.
D)ester.

Question 41

A double helix structure is characteristic of

A)DNA.
B)proteins.
C)carbohydrates.
D)lipids.

Question 42

The mass of fat needed to provide an animal with as much energy as 1 g of carbohydrate is about

A)0.5 g.
B)1 g.
C)2 g.
D)4 g.

Question 43

The number of genes in the human genome seems to be

A)20,000-25,000.
B)50,000-100,000.
C)1-2 million.
D)1-2 billion.

Question 44

Nitrogen is needed by plants mainly to manufacture

A)carbohydrates.
B)proteins.
C)lipids.
D)nucleic acids.

Question 45

DNA controls the development and functioning of a cell by governing its manufacture of

A)carbohydrates.
B)lipids.
C)amino acids.
D)proteins.

Question 46

Muscles consist mainly of

A)carbohydrates.
B)proteins.
C)lipids.
D)nucleic acids.

Question 47

To help prevent coronary heart disease, diets should only include fats that are

A)unsaturated.
B)saturated.
C)hydrogenated.
D)trans fats.

Question 48

The matching of blood types before a transfusion is to ensure that the blood of donor and recipient both have the same

A)carbohydrates.
B)proteins.
C)lipids.
D)nucleic acids.

Question 49

Compared with their carbohydrate content, living cells contain

A)less protein.
B)about the same amount of protein.
C)more protein.
D)Any of these choices could be correct, depending on the type of cell.