Deck 4: Learning and Transfer of Training

Question 1

In the context of expectancy theory, _____ relates to trainees' beliefs that they perform the trained skill.

A) expectancy
B) instrumentality
C) self-efficacy
D) valance

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The learning cycle for a trainee begins with a(n) _____.

A) reflective observation
B) concrete experience
C) abstract conceptualization
D) active experimentation

Answer 2

B

Question 3

_____ is a person's judgment about whether he or she can successfully learn new knowledge and skills.

A) Self-efficacy
B) Self-actualization
C) Self-esteem
D) Self-concept

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Behavior modification is a training method that is primarily based on _____.

A) goal setting theory
B) information processing theory
C) expectancy theory
D) reinforcement theory

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of organizing as a learning strategy?

A) It focuses on memorization of training content.
B) It focuses on learning through repetition of training content.
C) It requires the learner to find similarities and themes in the training material.
D) It requires the trainee to relate the training material to other, more familiar knowledge, skills, or behaviors.

Question 6

Which of the following examples best reflects an attitude as a learning outcome?

A) State three reasons for following company safety procedures.
B) Design and code a computer program that meets customer requirements.
C) Gain a greater appreciation for work-life balance.
D) Shoot a gun and consistently hit a small moving target.

Question 7

_____ is a learning process that involves identifying learned material in long-term memory and using it to influence performance.

A) Generalizing
B) Semantic encoding
C) Retrieval
D) Gratifying

Question 8

In the learning processes, semantic encoding typically involves _____.

A) informing learners of the lesson objective
B) providing learning guidance to individuals
C) providing learners cues that are used in recall
D) providing feedback about performance correctness

Question 9

Juan, an operations manager has been assigned to train a group of older employees in the logistics department. He has to train them to use new computer software. He begins by reminding them that they were quick in learning the old software. Juan is trying to _____.

A) increase the employees' self-efficacy
B) deter expectancies of the employees
C) create motor reproduction
D) raise the valence of the behavior

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of closed skills?

A) They require the trainee to adapt the general principles to fit a wide range of circumstances.
B) They refer to training objectives that are linked to general learning principles.
C) They refer to skills that are to be identically produced by the trainee on the job.
D) They are more difficult to train than open skills.

Question 11

Good decisiveness, practical application of ideas, and hypothetical deductive reasoning are characteristics of individuals with a _____ learning style.

A) converger
B) diverger
C) assimilator
D) accommodator

Question 12

Which learning outcomes relate to the ability to design and code a computer program that meets customer requirements?

A) Cognitive strategies
B) Attitudes
C) Intellectual skills
D) Motor skills

Question 13

Which of the following creates a learning orientation in trainees?

A) Emphasizing trained task performance
B) Emphasizing competition among trainees
C) Ensuring trainees completely avoid errors and mistakes
D) Allowing trainees to experiment with new knowledge and skills

Question 14

_____ relates to the learner's decision regarding what information to attend to, how to remember, and how to solve problems.

A) Cognitive strategy
B) Motor skill
C) Attitude
D) Verbal information

Question 15

Behavior modeling is a training method that is primarily based on _____.

A) goal setting theory
B) social learning theory
C) expectancy theory
D) reinforcement theory

Question 16

In expectancy theory, the belief that performing a given behavior is associated with a particular outcome is called _____.

A) valence
B) instrumentality
C) maintenance
D) generalizing

Question 17

According to the _____, transfer will be maximized when the tasks, materials, equipment, and other characteristics of the learning environment are similar to those encountered in the work environment.

A) theory of identical elements
B) stimulus generalization approach
C) cognitive theory of transfer
D) information processing theory

Question 18

Intellectual skill as a learning outcome primarily includes the capability to _____.

A) state or describe previously stored information
B) apply generalizable concepts and rules to solve complex problems
C) execute a physical action with precision and timing
D) choose a personal course of action

Question 19

Logical verification to increase self-efficacy typically involves _____.

A) perceiving a relationship between a new task and a task already mastered
B) trying out the observed behaviors to see if they result in the same reinforcement that a model received
C) motivating trainees by having employees who have mastered the learning outcomes demonstrate them
D) determining the degree of support for using newly acquired capabilities

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true of training?

A) Recognizing employees' preferences regarding how they want to learn is not advisable.
B) It is important to realize that for training to be effective, both learning and transfer of training are needed.
C) Transfer of training is to be considered only after the completion of training.
D) Transfer of training involves having employees who already have mastered the learning outcomes demonstrate them for trainees.

Question 21

Individuals with a learning orientation find that errors and mistakes cause anxiety.

Question 22

Most educational theories historically have been developed exclusively to educate children.

Question 23

Identical elements are maximized when the learning environment matches the trainee as closely as possible.

Question 24

Learner-learner interaction is most appropriate when learners have to _____.

A) master a task that is completed alone
B) maximize their critical thinking and analysis skills
C) acquire personal knowledge based on experience
D) enhance their self-awareness and self-assessment

Question 25

In general, it is best to promote a performance orientation among trainees.

Question 26

The stimulus generalization approach is more appropriate for open skills as opposed to closed skills.

Question 27

In the context of adult learning theory (andragogy), group discussions would likely be less appropriate than the traditional lecture method.

Question 28

Developing a computer program that meets customer specifications is an example of an intellectual skills learning outcome.

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of the internal conditions necessary for learning?

A) Providing trainees opportunities to practice new skills
B) Strong messages provided to trainees from credible sources
C) Verbal persuasion
D) Recall of training content

Question 30

The stimulus generalization approach emphasizes near transfer of training.

Question 31

_____ use concrete experience and reflective observation and are good at generating ideas and seeing a situation from multiple perspectives.

A) Divergers
B) Assimilators
C) Convergers
D) Accommodators

Question 32

Adult learning theory assumes that adults enter a learning experience with a subject-centered approach to learning.

Question 33

Closed skills are highly influenced by managers, peers, and the work environment.

Question 34

_____ refers to practicing a task continuously without breaks.

A) Overlearning
B) Whole practice
C) Massed practice
D) Continuous learning

Question 35

Identical elements are more appropriate for open skills as opposed to closed skills.

Question 36

Instrumentality is similar to self-efficacy.

Question 37

_____ refers to the learner's involvement with the training material and assessing their progress toward learning.

A) Automatization
B) Self-regulation
C) Elaboration
D) Generalization

Question 38

Open skills are those that are to be identically produced by the trainee on the job.

Question 39

_____ refers to individual control over one's thinking.

A) Modeling
B) Instrumentality
C) Valence
D) Metacognition

Question 40

Which of the following is a disadvantage of communities of practice (COPs)?

A) Employees are reluctant to participate without an incentive and fear sharing their knowledge with others.
B) They are not naturally occurring in companies; hence, they have to be forced.
C) Social interaction is discouraged; hence, learning occurs off the job.
D) They make it tedious for employees to share best practices, learn from one another, and improve business processes.

Question 41

It is best to include a combination of examples and practice, rather than all practice.

Question 42

Describe the three components of expectancy theory and how they can be enhanced in a training context.

Question 43

Describe what are meant by self-efficacy beliefs and how they can be enhanced in a training context.

Question 44

The working storage and semantic encoding processes of learning both relate to short-term memory.

Question 45

In error management training, trainees are instructed that errors hamper learning and should largely be avoided.

Question 46

Name and describe the three ways employees can learn through interaction.

Question 47

Describe how trainers can create a learning orientation among trainees in contrast to a performance orientation. (Be sure to define learning orientation and performance orientation in your answer to demonstrate your understanding of these concepts.)

Question 48

What is near transfer? Far transfer? What are their implications for training design?

Question 49

For more complex tasks, relatively long rest periods appear to be beneficial for learning.

Question 50

Describe the principles of adult learning theory (andragogy) and their implications for training design and delivery.

Question 51

Providing self-management training is an example of an internal learning condition.

Question 52

Automatization of tasks increases memory demands.