Deck 17: The Era of National Unification

Question 1

During the war of Italian unification,"Red Shirts" were

A)the English troops wearing their red summer clothes.
B)volunteer communist troops.
C)the bloody spectacles after each battle with thousands of troops dead or injured.
D)the volunteer troops of Giuseppe Garibaldi.
E)the regular troops of the Piedmont-Sardinian army.

Answer 1

the volunteer troops of Giuseppe Garibaldi.

Question 2

What was the main power of the new German Parliament (Reichstag)?

A)It controlled the budget to limit the prerogatives of the throne.
B)It could veto actions by the executive.
C)It had no real power.
D)It had the power to confirm members of the government and judges.
E)It could impeach the German chancellor.

Answer 2

It had no real power.

Question 3

In what way was the nineteenth-century German middle class different from its British and French counterparts?

A)The German middle class remained mostly outside of political life.
B)The German middle class was better off financially.
C)The German middle class was a tiny percentage of the population.
D)The German middle class was more left wing.
E)The German middle class was not as wealthy.

Answer 3

The German middle class remained mostly outside of political life.

Question 4

The National Union was one of the most influential Pan-German associations of the mid-nineteenth century.It envisioned a unified Germany that would include

A)both Prussia and Austria in its borders.
B)Prussia but not Austria in its borders.
C)Austria but not Prussia in its borders.
D)neither Prussia nor Austria in its borders.
E)an extension of political freedom.

Question 5

Of all the great powers of Europe,which two were most threatened by German unification?

A)Russia and France
B)Austria and Russia
C)Great Britain and France
D)Austria and France
E)Russia and Great Britain

Question 6

What best describes Bismarck's type of politics known as "Realpolitik"?

A)Keep it real and don't seek foreign adventures.
B)Be realistic in your aims and expectations.
C)Look after your country's interests without consideration for morality or ethics.
D)Have "real" political peace at home before you seek foreign gains.
E)Foreign policy is the most important duty of the government.

Question 7

During the war of Italian unification,why did French Emperor Napoleon III sign an armistice with Austria?

A)He did not want other countries to enter the war on Austria's side and was worried that a united Italy might become too strong and challenge French power.
B)He had lost too many men in battles.
C)French public opinion turned against the war.
D)He disagreed with his ally,the king of Piedmont-Sardinia,over tactics.
E)He lost his nerve due to the slaughter on the battlefield.

Question 8

Prussian prime minister Otto von Bismarck envisioned a new German state that would be

A)constitutional and democratic.
B)strong,modern,bureaucratic,and secular.
C)a partnership between Church (both Protestant and Catholic)and state.
D)a partnership between Prussia and Austria.
E)a partnership between all German states according to their size and wealth.

Question 9

Which of the following is true of Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia Cavour in relation to religion?

A)He made the clergy subject to the same laws as everyone else and taxed Church property.
B)He declared Catholicism the official state religion.
C)He outlawed the public practice of all religions.
D)He confiscated Church property.
E)He did not have specific policy for the Church,which was his ultimate downfall.

Question 10

Why did Piedmont-Sardinia enter the Crimean War on the side of Britain and France?

A)Prime Minister Cavour hated Russia.
B)Prime Minister Cavour wanted conquests in the East.
C)Prime Minister Cavour was sympathetic to the British.
D)The king of Piedmont-Sardinia was related by marriage to French Emperor Napoleon III.
E)Prime Minister Cavour hoped that by helping France and Britain in the Crimean War,they would help in the future to unite Italy.

Question 11

Giuseppe Mazzini's vision of Italian nationalism called for

A)the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia to assume a leading role in Italian unification.
B)the people of Italy themselves to take the initiative in unification.
C)the creation of a united Italy but leaving the Papal States alone.
D)the creation of two Italian states,one in the north and one in the south.
E)help from France in uniting Italy.

Question 12

Italian Premier Francesco Crispi built political alliances between

A)foreign and domestic businesses.
B)northern industrialists and southern landowners.
C)the army and the police.
D)the middle class and the nobility.
E)the monarch and the pope.

Question 13

The area of Alsace (at times part of France,at other times part of Germany)is interesting because

A)the people of Alsace played one country against the other.
B)most people spoke German but did not want to be part of Germany.
C)most people spoke French but did not want to be part of France.
D)the people of Alsace would have preferred independence.
E)it was the first French province to grant the right to vote to women.

Question 14

The contentious relations between unified Italy and the Catholic Church are illustrated in the quote,

A)"God before country."
B)"Separation of Church and state."
C)"Crispi is a pig,but a necessary pig."
D)"The king is dead,the pope is well."
E)"Long live Italy."

Question 15

During the Austro-Prussian War of 1866,Napoleon III of France

A)gave moral support to Austria.
B)gave moral support to Prussia.
C)kept strict neutrality.
D)tried to broker a peace deal.
E)attempted to play both sides and gain an advantage no matter who won.

Question 16

Italian Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti was able to stay in office by using what motto?

A)peace and bread
B)God and country
C)king and country
D)neither revolution nor reaction
E)a chicken in every pot

Question 17

In the German Empire,Junkers

A)were the lowest class.
B)were the only class from which a president could be elected.
C)retained political power and were exempt from most taxation.
D)experienced immediate decline.
E)were thrown out of the army and civil service positions.

Question 18

How is the Italian word "Risorgimento" best translated?

A)communism
B)nationalism
C)resurgence
D)renaissance
E)God's will

Question 19

After Italian unification,the country experienced problems due to differences between northern and southern Italy.What was one of those differences?

A)Northern Italy was densely populated while the south was almost deserted.
B)Northern Italy's land was not very productive while that of the south was rich.
C)Industrialized and prosperous northern Italy dominated the country while the agrarian south was left behind.
D)Austria still dominated the north while the Papal States ruled the south.
E)Most people in northern Italy spoke French.

Question 20

The Treaty of Prague (1866)

A)affirmed Czech independence from Austria.
B)allowed Prussia and Austria to control Schleswig-Holstein together.
C)united all German states and created the German Empire.
D)eliminated Austria as a rival to Prussia for control of Germany.
E)froze Prussia out of German affairs.

Question 21

In an attempt to deal with the serious nationality issues of the Habsburg lands,Emperor Francis Joseph reached an Ausgleich (compromise)in 1867.This compromise created

A)the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
B)the Austrian Empire.
C)the Holy Roman Empire.
D)the Holy Alliance.
E)the Zollverein (customs union).

Question 22

The institutional repression of liberals and nationalists in the Habsburg lands after 1848 was known as

A)Pan-Germanism.
B)assimilation.
C)autocracy.
D)neo-absolutism.
E)Kulturkampf.

Question 23

What factors allowed the multi-ethnic and multi-lingual Austrian Empire to hold together for as long as it did?

Question 24

What political,economic,and social structures made Italian unification difficult?

Question 25

Kulturkampf (cultural struggle)was Bismarck's policy in post-unification Germany seeking to

A)counter French cultural imports (literature,music,etc. )to the country.
B)Catholicize the entirety of the country.
C)isolate and expel Jewish influence from Germany.
D)minimize the influence of Catholicism (and the pope)in Germany.
E)force minorities in Germany (such as the Poles)to become "German."

Question 26

German Emperor William II was

A)smart,hardworking,and friendly.
B)soft-spoken,shy,and melancholy.
C)funny,simple,and strong.
D)family oriented,dedicated,and religious.
E)militarist,racist,and tactless.

Question 27

German anti-Semitism was based,to a large degree,on the impression that German Jews appeared to be wealthy bankers and jewelers.Why were numerous Jews bankers and jewelers?

A)Jews were genetically predisposed to be talented in those fields.
B)Jews concentrated on these professions because,historically,other jobs and opportunities were closed to them.
C)These were traditional "Jewish" occupations,as put forth in the Torah.
D)Most gentiles were not interested in such jobs.
E)There is no clear explanation.